STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH BASED GEO POLYMER CONCRETE WITH 18 MOLAR NaOH ACTIVATOR

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp.

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976

© IAEME Publication Scopus

STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF FL

GEO POLYMER CONCRETE

N

PG Student, Civil Engineering Department,

Koneru Lakshmaiah University, A. P, India

Associate


ABSTRACT

Background/Objectives: Geo polymer concrete using

usage of OPC in concrete, which is the main cause for the emission of CO

CO2 results in the global warming and greenhouse effect all over the world. Fly ash which is

one of the most important by product

basic material for activation by the process of geo polymerization to the concrete binder to

completely replace the pozzalona portland cement (PPC).

of fly ash based geopolymer concrete is done. For the process of activation of silicon and

aluminum content which are present in fly ash a combination of Na

activators of 18 Molarity were used.

polymerization. The geo polymer specimens were used at ambient room temperature for a

period of 3 and 7 days and later the mechanical properties of geo polymer concrete are tested

using compressive, flexural and split tensile strength tests.

ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the compressive strength, Split tensile strength and flexural

strength increases for 3days, 7days and 28days.

Key words: fly ash, geopolymer concrete, molarity, alkaline solution, polymerization.

Cite this Article: B. Prasanthi and V. Ranga Rao

Geo Polymer Concrete with 18 Molar NaOH Activator

Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?J

1. INTRODUCTION

Concrete is commonly used construction material across the world .Generally Ordinary Portland

Cement (OPC) is utilized as the binding material for the preparation of concrete. The demand for OPC

is increasing day to day with the improvement in the advanced technology. The process of production

of cement liberates huge amounts of CO

IJCIET/index.asp 717

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 717–722 Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_084

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1

6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

Scopus Indexed

THE PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH BASED

GEO POLYMER CONCRETE WITH 18

NaOH ACTIVATOR

B. PRASANTHI

PG Student, Civil Engineering Department,


V. RANGA RAO

Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department,


Geo polymer concrete using Fly ash is introduced to reduce the

usage of OPC in concrete, which is the main cause for the emission of CO

results in the global warming and greenhouse effect all over the world. Fly ash which is

one of the most important by product obtained from the thermal power plants is used as the


completely replace the pozzalona portland cement (PPC). In this paper study on the behaviour

d geopolymer concrete is done. For the process of activation of silicon and

aluminum content which are present in fly ash a combination of Na2SiO3

activators of 18 Molarity were used. Methods: The method adopted in this paper is geo

erization. The geo polymer specimens were used at ambient room temperature for a


using compressive, flexural and split tensile strength tests. Findings: As the al


strength increases for 3days, 7days and 28days.

fly ash, geopolymer concrete, molarity, alkaline solution, polymerization.

B. Prasanthi and V. Ranga Rao, Study on the Properties of Fly Ash based

Geo Polymer Concrete with 18 Molar NaOH Activator. International Journal of Civil

, 8(1), 2017, pp. 717–722.




to day with the improvement in the advanced technology. The process of production

huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere (1tone of cement production releases

[email protected]


Y ASH BASED

WITH 18 MOLAR

Fly ash is introduced to reduce the

usage of OPC in concrete, which is the main cause for the emission of CO2. The emission of

results in the global warming and greenhouse effect all over the world. Fly ash which is

obtained from the thermal power plants is used as the


In this paper study on the behaviour

d geopolymer concrete is done. For the process of activation of silicon and

and NaOH alkaline

The method adopted in this paper is geo

erization. The geo polymer specimens were used at ambient room temperature for a


As the alkaline activator


fly ash, geopolymer concrete, molarity, alkaline solution, polymerization.

Study on the Properties of Fly Ash based

International Journal of Civil

Type=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1



to day with the improvement in the advanced technology. The process of production

into the atmosphere (1tone of cement production releases

B. Prasanthi and V. Ranga Rao

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 718 [email protected]

1ton of CO2). The fly ash is obtained from the thermal power plants by the Combustion of the coal and

is considered as the waste material is used in this study effectively as a complete replacement of

cement in concrete known as geo polymer concrete. The vast increase of levels CO2 in the atmosphere

researchers have concentrated for the development of cement less concrete.In 1978, French researcher

Davidovits invented the concept of geo-polymerisation with the help of kaoliniteand alkali activators.

In this study the geopolymer binders used are fly ash (class F), Na2SiO3 and NaOH activators. In fly

ash pozzlanas are activated by the utilisation of alkaline solutions to form as a binder hence the

complete replacement of cement from concrete is done.The curing of geopolymer concrete is

important to specify the strength properties and the curing adopted in this study is the ambient curing.

This paper summarizes the behaviour of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with the specified molarity

of NaOH activator.

2. OBJECTIVES

Geo polymer concrete using Fly ash is introduced to reduce the usage of OPC in concrete, which is the

main cause for the emission of CO2. The emission of CO2 results in the global warming and

greenhouse effect all over the world. Fly ash which is one of the most important by product obtained

from the thermal power plants is used as the basic material for activation by the process of geo

polymerization to the concrete binder to completely replace the pozzalona portland cement (PPC) .In

this paper study on the behaviour of fly ash based geopolymer concrete is done. For the process of

activation of silicon and aluminum content which are present in fly ash a combination of Na2SiO3 and

NaOH alkaline activators of 18 Molarity were used.

3. MATERIALS

3.1. Fly ash

In this study class F (low calcium) fly ash having large quantity of aluminum oxides (Al2O3) and

silicon dioxides (SiO2) which contributes for the reaction of alkaline solution for the process of

geopolymerisation is taken from Vijayawada thermal power station. The chemical composition is

shown in the below table 1.

Table 1 Chemical composition of fly ash

Chemical composition Fly ash (wt. %)

Al2O3 27

SiO2 48.8

CaO 6.2

Fe2O3 10.2

K2O 0.85

MgO 1.4

Na2O 0.37

P2O5 1.2

TiO2 1.3

BaO 0.19

SrO 0.16

SO3 0.22

Loss On ignition 1.7

Study on the Properties of Fly Ash based Geo Polymer Concrete with 18 Molar NaOH Activator


3.2. Coarse aggregate

Crushed granite that is retained on as IS sieve of size 4.75 is used.

3.3. Fine aggregate

Natural river sand of size less than 4.75mm is used.

3.4. Alkaline Liquids

The common alkaline liquids used in geo-polymerization process are a combination of sodium

hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate. In this paper these activators are used.

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1. Preparation of Alkaline Activators

To activate the pozzalona present in fly ash a combination of Na2SiO3,NaOH was used. The main

cause to select Sodium based activators in this study is that the sodium based activators are cheaper

when compared to potassium activators. The NaOH solution is prepared for 18Molarity i.e. 720g of

sodium hydroxide flakes or pellets are dissolved in 1 liter of water to prepare the solution. This

solution must be prepared before 24hours of casting. Na2SiO3is added to NaOH solution before 20min

of casting and it is mixed properly.

4.2. Mix Proportion

For 18 Molarity geopolymer mix the 3 different proportions of Na2SiO3 and NaOH were considered

i.e. 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3. The ratio of activator liquid to fly ash content is 0.45.

Table 2 Quantities of materials used for the Geopolymer concrete

Activat

or

Ratios

Fly ash

kg/m3

NaOH

Solution

kg/m3

Na2SiO3

Solution

kg/m3

Fine

Aggregate

kg/m3

Coarse

Aggregate

kg/m3

Alkaline

liquid to fly

ash ratio

kg/m3

1:2 55.8 8.38 16.75 72.9 170.1 0.45

1:2.5 55.8 7.28 17.95 72.9 170.1 0.45

1:3 55.8 6.29 18.7 72.9 170.1 0.45

4.3. Geopolymer concrete preparation

Fly ash andthe aggregates were mixed in a dry pan for 3mintues and then the activator solutions were

added to the dry mix material and wet mixing is continued for another 4mintues. It is observed that the

fresh fly ash based geopolymer concrete is cohesive and the concrete is dark in Colour.

4.4. Preparation of moulds

After mixing the geopolymer concrete the cubical moulds of size 150mm×150mm×150mm were

casted to study the compressive strength for a period of 3 and 7 days. For finding out the flexural

strength 500mm×100mm×100mm size of beams were casted and are tested. For split tensile strength

the cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height were casted.

4.5. Curing

The test specimens were demoulded after 24 hours of casting and kept for ambient curing at room

temperature (240C) until the tests conducted for 3days, 7days and 28days.


5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5.1. Compressive Strength Test

The cube specimens are tested in compressive testing machine to determine their compressive

strengths at the age of 3days, 7days and 28days ofambient curing. The above graph shows that as the

ratios of the alkaline activators are increasing from1:2to 1:3 for the specimens which are cured at

under direct sun light the compressive strength of cubes

Figure 1

5.2. Flexural Strength Test

The beam specimens are tested using two point loading method as per I.S.516

Flexural strengths at the age of 3days, 7days and 28days of their ambi

that as ratios of the alkaline activators are increasing from1:2 to 1:3then the flexural strength is

increasing for the specimens which are cured at under direct sun light.

Figure 2



SSIONS

Compressive Strength Test




under direct sun light the compressive strength of cubes in increasing.

Figure 1 Compressive strength for cubes

The beam specimens are tested using two point loading method as per I.S.516-

Flexural strengths at the age of 3days, 7days and 28days of their ambient curing. The figure2 shows


increasing for the specimens which are cured at under direct sun light.

Figure 2 Flexural strength test for beams

[email protected]




-1959 to determine their

ent curing. The figure2 shows


Study on the Properties of Fly Ash


5.3. Split Tensile Strength Test

The split tensile strength for geopolymer concrete is only the fraction of compressive strength, as in

case of Ordinary Portland cement concrete. The variation of results are represented in figure3 and it is

observed that as the alkaline activators ratio increases form 1:2 to 1:3 for any grade then the split

tensile strength also increases.

Figure 3

6. CONCLUSIONS

6.1. Compressive Strength:

� As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 t

to 78% for 3days, increases from 5% to 19% for 7days and increases from 11% to 25% for 28days.

� The percentage increases in the compressive strength for 3days to 7days varies in the range of 50% to

70%.

6.2. Flexural Strength:

� As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the Flexural Strength increases from 0% to 42%

for 7days and increases from 5% to 16% for 28days.

� The percentage increases in the Flexural strength for 3days to 7days varies in t

6.3. Split tensile Strength:

� As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the Split tensile Strength increases from 38% to

45% for 3days, increases from 54% to 75% for 7days and increases from 54% to 90% for 28days.

� The percentage increases in the Split tensile strength for 3days to 7days varies in the range of 23% to

31%.

REFERENCES

[1] B. Vijaya Rangan, Djwantoro Hardjito, Steenie E. Wallah, and Doby M.J. Sumajouw,“Studies on

fly-ash based geo-polymer concrete” Geopolymer:

solutions.

f Fly Ash based Geo Polymer Concrete with 18 Molar Na


lit Tensile Strength Test



lkaline activators ratio increases form 1:2 to 1:3 for any grade then the split

Figure 3 Split tensile strength for cylinders

As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the Compressive Strength increases from 17%


The percentage increases in the compressive strength for 3days to 7days varies in the range of 50% to

As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the Flexural Strength increases from 0% to 42%

for 7days and increases from 5% to 16% for 28days.

The percentage increases in the Flexural strength for 3days to 7days varies in t

As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the Split tensile Strength increases from 38% to


percentage increases in the Split tensile strength for 3days to 7days varies in the range of 23% to

B. Vijaya Rangan, Djwantoro Hardjito, Steenie E. Wallah, and Doby M.J. Sumajouw,“Studies on

polymer concrete” Geopolymer: green chemistry and sustainable development

olar NaOH Activator

[email protected]



lkaline activators ratio increases form 1:2 to 1:3 for any grade then the split

o 1:3 the Compressive Strength increases from 17%


The percentage increases in the compressive strength for 3days to 7days varies in the range of 50% to

As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the Flexural Strength increases from 0% to 42%

The percentage increases in the Flexural strength for 3days to 7days varies in the range of 0% to 100%.

As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the Split tensile Strength increases from 38% to


percentage increases in the Split tensile strength for 3days to 7days varies in the range of 23% to

B. Vijaya Rangan, Djwantoro Hardjito, Steenie E. Wallah, and Doby M.J. Sumajouw,“Studies on

green chemistry and sustainable development



[2] B. Vijaya Rangan “Fly-ash Based Geopolymer Concrete” the International Workshop on

Geopolymer Cement and Concrete-2010, pp.68-106

[3] Djwantoro Hardjito, Steenie E. Wallah, and Doby M.J. Sumajouw and B. Vijaya Rangan “On the

Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete” ACI Materials Journal (2004)

[4] Kolli Ramujee, Member, IACSIT and M.Potharaju “Development of Low Calcium Fly-ash Based

Geopolymer Concrete” International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.6, No.1, 2014

[5] N A Lloyd and B V Rangan “Geopolymer Concrete with Fly Ash” second journal international

Conference on sustainable construction Material and technologies June 2010

[6] Prakash R. Voraa, Urmil V. Daveb “Parametric Studies on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer

Concrete” 1877-7058 © 2013, www.sciencedirect.com

[7] Raijiwala D.B. and patil H.S “Geopolymer concrete-A concrete of next decade” Journal of

engineering research and studies E-ISSN 0976-7916 JERS/Vol.2/Issue.1-2011

[8] Shankar H. Sanni, R. B. Khadiranaikar, “Performance of geopolymer concrete under severe

environmental conditions” International Journal of civil and structural engineering ISSN 0976 –

4399, Volume 3, No 2, 2012, pp.396-407

[9] Shankar H. Sanni, R. B. Khadiranaikar “Performance of Alkaline solutions on grades of

geopolymer concrete” International journal of research in engineering and technology IJRET/e-

ISSN: 2319-1163/PISSN: 2321-7308(2013)

[10] Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, Yusuf Jamal and M.Z. Khan, Assessment of Liquefaction Potential

of Soil Using Multi-Linear Regression Modeling, International Journal of Civil Engineering and

Technology, 7(1), 2016, pp. 373-415.

[11] Akpila, S. B. and Omunguye, I. W. Derivative of Stress Strain, Deviatoric Stress and Undrained

Cohesion Models Based on Soil Modulus of Cohesive Soils. International Journal of Civil

Engineering and Technology, 6(7), 2015, pp 34-43.

[12] John Paul V. and Antony Rachel Sneha M., Effect of Random Inclusion of Bamboo Fibers on

Strength Behaviour of Flyash Treated Black Cotton Soil. International Journal of Civil Engineering

and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp.153–160.