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Transient Winds and Their Effect on Drivetrain Loads

Transient Wind Events and Their Effect on Drivetrain Loads

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Page 1: Transient Wind Events and Their Effect on Drivetrain Loads

Transient  Winds  and  Their  Effect  on  Drivetrain  Loads  

Page 2: Transient Wind Events and Their Effect on Drivetrain Loads

Before We Start q  This  webinar  will  be  available  at  

www.windpowerengineering.com  &  via  email  

q  Q&A  at  the  end  of  the  presenta:on  

q  Hashtag  for  this  webinar:  #WindWebinar  

Page 3: Transient Wind Events and Their Effect on Drivetrain Loads

Moderator Presenter

Nic Abraham Windpower Engineering

& Development

Doug Herr AeroTorque

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•  Increasing  awareness  of  how  transient  aerodynamic  events  affect  wind  turbine  drivetrains.  

•  Introducing  new  research  data  on  how  to  control  these  impacts.  •  Growing  the  understanding  of  the  speed  of  these  events  and  

how  current  systems  cannot  stop  them  from  occurring.  •  Understanding  how  an  asymmetric  approach  to  torque  control  

can  enhance  the  system.  

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•  What  are  the  types  of  wind  events  that  can  damage  drivetrains?    •  What  is  the  current  research  saying  about  the  roles  of  sheer  

winds  and  turbulence?  •  What  are  the  effects  to  the  drivetrain  when  the  turbine  is  

subjected  to  significant  wind  or  other  operaAng  events?  

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•  AeroTorque  was  spun  out  of  PT  Tech  Inc.  in  March  of  2013.      •  PT  Tech  has  spent  the  last  36  years  working  to  reduce  transient  

torque  loads  in  many  different  types  of  equipment.      •  Both  companies  are  under  EBO  Group,  an  100%  employee  

owned  company.  

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Our  mission  is  to  extend  the  usable  life  of  the  drivetrain  by  proacAvely  working  with  owners  and  strategic  partners  and  to  build  a  stronger,  more  sustainable  financial  model  for  the  wind  industry  fleets.  

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•  Extreme  operaAng  gust  (EOG)  •  Extreme  direcAon  change  (EDC)  •  Extreme  coherent  gust  (ECG)  •  Extreme  coherent  gust  with  direcAon  change  (ECD)  •  Extreme  wind  shear  (EWS)  

per  IEC  61400-­‐1  

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Shear  winds  have  the  following  characterisAcs:  •  Are  usually  caused  by  nearby  topography,  o\en  cliffs  or  

ridges  •  Cause  the  wind  to  flow  verAcally  up  the  face  of  the  turbine,  

rather  than  through  the  blade  sweep  •  Can  load  the  blades  unevenly    

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Turbulent  winds  have  the  following  characterisAcs:  •  Are  non-­‐linear  winds,  flowing  without  a  pa]ern  •  Can  be  caused  by  surrounding  roughness  and  structures  •  Can  also  cause  a  reducAon  in  power  producAon  •  Will  load  the  blades  unevenly  •  Can  even  be  caused  by  nearby  turbines    

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Li\ing  force  has  an  opposite    effect  on  the  wind,  pushing    it  tangenAally,  causing  spin  in  the  opposite  direcAon  

Source:  WE  Handbook-­‐  2-­‐  Aerodynamics.  Wind  Turbine  Blade  Aerodynamics  (2009):  1-­‐10.  Gurit  Wind  Energy  Handbook.  Gurit  Holding  AG,  14  Dec.  2009.  Web.  1  Oct.  2014.  

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“Horn’s  Rev”  turbulence  

Photo:  Va)enfall/Christian  Steiness

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Texas  Tech  and  NREL  research  with  dual-­‐doppler  systems  show  the  downwind  effect  at  80  meters  

Schroeder,  John.  Improving  Wind  Farm  Efficiency  Using  Advanced  Doppler  Radar  Technologies.  Lubbock,  TX:  Texs  Tech  U,  2013.  Print.

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Rotor  inerAa  

Generator  inerAa  

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Photo  courtesy:  Aaron  Greco/Argonne  National  Laboratory

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Gaining  producAon  at  lower  wind  speeds  can  improve  the  operaAng  profits  at  lower  wind  sites.  

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Significantly  more  wind  must  be  deflected  with  larger  blades  

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The  WOPR  number  provides  a  raAo  of  the  maximum  accessible  wind  power  the  blades  must  withstand  compared  to  the  maximum  power  the  turbine  can  extract  from  the  wind.  

WOPR  =  (Cut-­‐out  Speed  ÷  Rated  power  speed)3    

Example:    Cut-­‐out  speed  =  25mps        Rated  power  wind  speed  =  15mps,      WOPR  number  is  (25  ÷  15)3  =  (1.667)3  =  4.6        The  blades  could  produce  4.6  ;mes  the  power,  if  the  generator  could  harness  it.      

 Reduce  cut-­‐in  to  12mps  with  larger  rotor  =  (25/12)  3  =  9  WOPR  

Nine  :mes  the  poten:al  power!      Generator  iner:a  can  momentarily  cause  higher  loading!  

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To  improve  the  economics  and  increase  producAon,  rotor  sizes  have  moved  from  89  meters  to  117  meters  since  2005,  a  growth  of  31%.    

89.34   92.29   90.9   93.25   95.32   98.91  105.7  

111.35  117.03  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

120  

140  

2004   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014  

AVER

AGE  SIZE  

YEAR  

ROTOR  DIAMETER  IN  METERS  

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A  control  system  can  only  react  as  fast  as  the  mechanical  system  that  it  controls.  Can  a  control  system  react  fast  to  prevent  a  torque  reversal?    

Sense  the    Wind  speed  

IniAate  blade  pitch  

Stop  pitching  

How  quickly  can  it  respond  to  a  gust  or  an  emergency  stop  command?  

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•  As  turbines  have  and  conAnue  to  grow  in  size,  potenAal  transient  loading  from  wind  events  has  increased  

•  Current  control  systems  cannot  react  fast  enough  to  stop  damage  •  Asymmetric  torque  control  miAgates  sudden  reverse  loads,  as  well  

as  higher  freqency  loads  •  The  addiAon  of  an  asymmetric  torque  device  in  exisAng  turbines  is  

a  major  step  in  extending  the  life  of  drive  components  and  reducing  O&M  costs  

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Questions? Nic Abraham Windpower Engineering & Development [email protected] Twitter: @WPE_Nic

Doug Herr AeroTorque [email protected] Phone: 330.590.8105 Twitter: @AeroTorque

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Thank You q  This  webinar  will  be  available  at  

www.windpowerengineering.com  &  email  

q  Tweet  with  hashtag  #WindWebinar  

q  Connect  with  Windpower  Engineering  &  Development  

q  Discuss  this  on  the  EngineeringExchange.com