Seminar On

a VeHiCLe TO VeHiCLe COmmUniCaTiOn

SUBMITTED BY Sangita DasRegd no 1221206042

OUTLINEINTRODUCTION BLOCK DIAGRAMFUNCTION DISTANCE MEASUREMENT FEATURESZIGBEE WORKING PRINCIPLE APPLICATIONFUTURE DEVELOPMENTCONCLUSIN

INTRODUCTIONRoad accidents account for a severe threat to human

lives from both an injury as well as a financial perspective. Given that vehicles are designed to facilitate a smooth means of transportation, manufacturers have long been in the process of designing vehicles based on principles of reliability and safety. However, due to reasons such as human-error, circumstantial error and negligence, accidents occur. Today, special attention is focused on the technologies that can reduce traffic accidents. V2V technologies are simple to implement primarily because of their reliance on wireless communication .

BLOCK DIAGRAM

ULTERSONIC SENSOR FUNCTION

They are also known as transducers, they both send and receive the signal.

It works on the principle similar to radar or Sonar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively.

DISTANCE MEASUREMENT:Different techniques can be used to measure

the distance by using ultrasonic sensors. Among them , continuous-wave and pulse-

echo technique are widely known. In continuous-wave methods, the transmitter generates a continuous output, whose echo is detected by a separate receiver.

In this case, accuracy depends on the measurement of the phase shift between the transmitted and the reflected wave.

FEATURES: Compatible with MCS-51™ Products. 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash

Memory– Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz. Three-level Program Memory Lock. 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM. 32 Programmable I/O Lines. Two 16-bit Timer/Counters. Six Interrupt Sources. Programmable Serial Channel. Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes.

ZIGBEEINTRODUCTION ZigBee is the name of a specification for a

suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs), such as wireless headphones connecting with cell phones via short range radio. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPAN’s, such as Bluetooth.

WORKING PRINCIPLE ZigBee hardware typically consist of an eight bit

Microcontroller combined with a miniature transceiver a small amount (ex. 32 KB) of flash memory and RAM.

The XBee module is interconnected with the eight bit microcontroller.

The CMOS logic is used between the Microcontrolles amd XBEE module, the information is transmitted and received using ZigBee.

TYPES OF ZIGBEEZigBee Coordinator (ZC) The most capable device, the coordinator forms

the root of the network tree and might bridge to other networks. There is exactly one Zigbee coordinator in each network since it is the device that started the network originally. It is able to store information about the network, acting as the Trust Centre.

ZigBee Router (ZR) It can act as an intermediate router, passing data

from other devices.

BUZZERINTRODUCTION A buzzer is a signaling device, used in

automobiles, household appliances such as microwave oven. The piezoelectric sound components operate on an principle utilizing natural oscillation of piezoelectric ceramics. Today, piezoelectric sound components are used in many ways such as home appliances, audio equipment telephones.

APPLICATIONVehicular communication networks will provide a

wide range of applications with different characteristics. As these networks have not yet been implemented, a list of such applications is speculative and apt to change in the future (However safety, which is the main purpose of these networks, will most probably remain the most important applications). Furthermore some of these applications require technologies that are not available now. Ultimately we would like to delegate the full handling control of our cars to the vehicles themselves; somewhat similar to autopilot.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTUse of radar, laser, ultrasonic sensors have certain

limitations and will not offer communication between large number of vehicles, such as vehicles at a junction, etc. So, GPS and wifi are the two methods by which any type of communication can be achieved in all types of conditions. Automatically analyzing the traffic signs and signals is also possible by incorporation of cameras onto the vehicles or emission of warning signals directly from the traffic boards which can be read by the receivers in the vehicles.

CONLUSION

A vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocol for cooperative collision warning. Emerging wireless technologies for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications are promising to dramatically reduce the number of fatal roadway accidents by providing early warnings.

REFERENCES Muhammad Rashid.H, “ Power Electronics circuits,

Devices and Application” , Eastern Economy Edition Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.

Charulatha Publication, “ Microprocessor And Microcontroller”.

QUERiES