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Project Report

On

“VIDEO INTERFACES AND THEIR CONNECTORS”

Prepared By

SUMEET PATEL (110050111040)

GRADE: SIGN:

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INTRODUCTION

The existence of many different audio and video standards necessitates the

definition of hardware interfaces, which define the physical characteristics of the

connections between electrical equipment. This includes the types and numbers of

wires required along with the strength and frequency of the signal. It also includes

the physical design of the plugs and sockets.

An interface may define a connector that is used only by that interface (e.g., DVI) or may define a connector that is also used by another interface; for example,

RCA connectors are defined both by the composite video and component video

interfaces.

Audio connectors and video connectors are electrical connectors (or optical

connectors) for carrying audio signal and video signal, of either analog or digital

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format. Analog A/V connectors often use shielded cables to inhibit radio

frequency interference (RFI) and noise.

Since both analog and digital signals are used with some styles of connectors, knowledge of the interface used is necessary for a successful transfer of signals.

Some interface types use only a distinctive connector or family of connectors, to

ensure compatibility. Especially with analog interfaces, physically

interchangeable connectors may not carry compatible signals.

Some of these connectors, and other types of connectors, are also used at radio

frequency (RF) to connect a radio or television receiver to an antenna or to a cable system; RF connector applications are not further described here.

VIDEO INTERFACES AND THEIR CONNECTORS:

INTERFACE

CONNECTORS Audio or

Video Digital or

Analog

Description

Video

only

Analog

Video Graphics

Array (VGA)

D-subminiature 15

pin

Often designated by

the CVBS acronym,

meaning "Color,

Video, Blank and

Sync".

RCA jack, normally

yellow (often

accompanied with

red and white for

right and left audio

channels

respectively)

S-Video (Separate

Video). Carries Mini-DIN 4 Pin

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standard definition

video and does not

carry audio on the

same cable.

In popular use, it refers

to a type of analog

video information that

is transmitted or stored

as three separate

signals. Either RGB

Interfaces or YPbPr

3 RCA Jacks

S-Video,

and Component

VIVO = Mini-DIN 9

Pin with breakout

cable.

Analog and

Digital

Digital Visual

Interface (DVI) DVI connector

Video and

audio

Analog SCART (Peritel) SCART

Digital

High-Definition

Multimedia

Interface (HDMI),BNC

HDMI connector

Display Port DisplayPort

connector

IEEE 1394 "FireWire" FireWire or i.LINK

connectors

VIDEO CONNECTORS

1. D-SUBMINIATURE (OR D-SUB):

A D-sub contains two or more parallel rows of pins

or sockets usually surrounded by a D-shaped metal

shield that provides mechanical support, ensures

correct orientation, and may screen against

electromagnetic interference.

The part containing pin contacts is called the male

connector or plug, while that containing socket

contacts is called the female connector or socket.

The socket's shield fits tightly inside the plug's

shield.

Panel mounted connectors usually have threaded

nuts that accept screws on the cable end connector

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cover that are used for locking the connectors together and offering mechanical

strain relief. Occasionally the nuts may be found on a cable end connector if it is

expected to connect to another cable end (see the male DE-9 pictured).

When screened cables are used, the shields are connected to the overall screens

of the cables. This creates an electrically continuous screen covering the whole

cable and connector system.

APPLICATIONS:

:

Communications ports

Network ports

Computer video output

Game controller ports

2. RCA JACK:

An RCA connector, sometimes called a phono connector or cinch connector, is a type of electrical

connector commonly used to carry audio and video

signals. The connectors are also sometimes casually

referred to as A/V jacks.

The connection's plug is called an RCA plug or

phono plug, for "phonograph." The name "phono

plug" is sometimes confused with a "phone plug"

which may refer to a quarter-inch "phone plug" (TS

or TRS connector) or to a connector used for a

telephone.

Plugs and sockets on consumer equipment are

conventionally color-coded to aid correct

connections. Stereo audio applications use black + red, grey + red or white + red RCA connectors; in all three cases, red denotes

right. White or purple may also be replaced by black.

APPLICATIONS

:

Power connectors and RF connectors

Connector for loudspeaker cables

Used to carry S/PDIF-formatted digital audio.

3. MINI-DIN CONNECTOR

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The mini-DIN connectors are a family

of multi-pin electrical connectors used

in a variety of applications. Mini-DIN

is similar to the larger, older DIN

connector.

Mini-DIN connectors are 9.5 mm in

diameter and come in seven patterns,

with the number of pins from three to nine. Each pattern is keyed in such a way that a plug with one pattern cannot be

mated with any socket of another pattern.

APPLICATIONS: :

Used in early implementations of Apple LocalTalk, Apple Desktop Bus,

and IBM PC compatible PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports. Etc

Used for a variety of audio and video applications.

4. MINI- VIDEO-IN VIDEO-OUT (VIVO)

Video in video out (usually seen as the acronym

VIVO and commonly pronounced vee-voh), is a

graphics port which enables some video cards to

have bidirectional (input and output) analog

video transfer through a mini-DIN connector,

usually of the 9-pin variety, and a specialised

splitter cable

VIVO does not support the HDCP standard

which would be required for official HDTV

support as set out by the EICTA.

APPLICATIONS: :

VIVO is found on high-end ATI and NVIDIA computer video cards,

sometimes labeled "TV OUT"

Some practical uses of VIVO include being able to display multimedia

stored on a computer on a TV, and being able to connect a DVD player or

video game console to a computer.

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5. DIGITAL VISUAL INTERFACE (DVI):

Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video display

interface developed by the Digital Display

Working Group (DDWG). The digital interface

is used to connect a video source to a display

device, such as a computer monitor.

It was developed with the intention of creating an

industry standard for the transfer of digital video

content.

The interface is designed to transmit

uncompressed digital video and can be

configured to support multiple modes such as

DVI-D (digital only), DVI-A (analog only), or DVI-I (digital and analog).

APPLICATIONS:

:

DVI is predominantly associated with computers, it is sometimes used in

other consumer electronics such as television sets, video game consoles and

DVD players.

6. SCART (Syndicat Des Constructeurs D'appareils Radiorécepteurs Et Téléviseurs):

Digital SCART is a French-originated standard

and associated 21-pin connector for connecting

audio-visual (AV) equipment.

In Europe, SCART is used to be the most common

method of connecting AV equipment, and was a

standard connector for such devices; it was far less

common elsewhere. As it was designed to carry analogue standard-definition content.

APPLICATIONS:

:

The SCART system was intended to simplify connecting AV equipment

(including TVs, VCRs, DVD players and games consoles).

The signals carried by SCART include both composite and RGB (with

composite synchronisation) video, stereo audio input/output and digital

signaling.

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7. HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface):

HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for

transferring uncompressed video data and

compressed or uncompressed digital audio

data from a HDMI-compliant source device

to a compatible computer monitor, video

projector, digital television, or digital audio

device.

HDMI implements the EIA/CEA-861

standards, which define video formats and

waveforms, transport of compressed,

uncompressed, and LPCM audio, auxiliary

data, and implementations of the VESA

EDID.

Several versions of HDMI have been developed and deployed since initial release of the technology but all use the same cable and connector. Newer

versions optionally support advanced features such as 3D, an Ethernet data

connection and improved audio and video capacity, performance and resolution.

The HDMI specification defines the protocols, signals, electrical interfaces and

mechanical requirements of the standard.

APPLICATIONS:

:

The Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD players.

Digital cameras and camcorders.

Personal computers.

Tablet computers.

Mobile phones.

8. DISPLAY PORT:

DisplayPort is a digital display interface

developed by the Video Electronics Standards

Association (VESA). The interface is primarily

used to connect a video source to a display

device such as a computer monitor, though it can

also be used to carry audio, USB, and other

forms of data.

The VESA specification is royalty-free. VESA

designed it to replace VGA, DVI, and FPD-

Link. Backward compatibility to VGA and DVI

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by using active adapters, enables users to use Display Port fitted video sources

without replacing existing display devices.

APPLICATIONS: :

Used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer

monitor.Also used to carry audio, USB, and other forms of data.

9. IEEE 1394 INTERFACE: The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed

communications and isochronous real-time

data transfer. It was developed in the late

1980s and early 1990s by Apple, who called

it FireWire.

IEEE 1394 is the High-Definition Audio-

Video Network Alliance (HANA) standard

connection interface for A/V (audio/visual)

component communication and control.[3]

FireWire is also available in wireless, fiber

optic, and coaxial versions using the

isochronous protocols.

APPLICATIONS:

:

IDB-1394 Customer Convenience Port (CCP) is the automotive version of

the 1394 standard used in automobile.

Mac OS X, Linux, and FreeBSD include support for networking over

FireWire. Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows XP and

Windows Server 2003 include native support for IEEE 1394 networking.

IPods released prior iPod with Dock Connector used IEEE 1394a ports for

syncing music and charging.