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Wireless Sensor Network
Md. Javedul Ferdous
Agenda• Introduction
• Differences with ad hoc networks
• Applications
• Architectures
• Future
2
Wireless Sensor Network
“A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or
environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.”
- Wikipedia
Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) vs. Mobile Ad Hoc
Network (MANET)
WSN MANET
Security Symmetric Key Cryptography Public Key Cryptography
Routing Support specialized traffic
pattern. Cannot afford to have
too many node states and
packet overhead
Support any node pairs
Some source routing and
distance vector protocol incur
heavy control traffic
Resource Tighter resources (power,
processor speed, bandwidth)
Not as tight.
Applications of WSNs
• Constant monitoring & detection of specific events
• Military, battlefield surveillance
• Forest fire & flood detection
• Habitat exploration of animals
• Patient monitoring
• Home appliances
Habitat Monitoring on Great Duck Island
• http://www.greatduckisland.net/
• Intel Research Laboratory at Berkeley initiated a collaboration with the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor and the University of California at Berkeley to deploy wireless sensor networks on Great Duck Island, Maine (in 2002)
• Monitor the microclimates in and around nesting burrows used by the Leach's Storm Petrel
• Goal : habitat monitoring kit for researchers worldwide
FireBug
• Wildfire Instrumentation System Using Networked Sensors
• Allows predictive analysis of evolving fire behavior
• Firebugs: GPS-enabled, wireless thermal sensor motes based on TinyOS that self-organize into networks for collecting real time data in wild fire environments
• Software architecture: Several interacting layers (Sensors, Processing of sensor data, Command center)
• A project by University of California, Berkeley CA.
Preventive Maintenance on an Oil Tanker in the North Sea: The
BP Experiment
• Collaboration of Intel & BP
• Use of sensor networks to support preventive maintenance on board an oil tanker in the North Sea.
• A sensor network deployment onboard the ship
• System gathered data reliably and recovered from errors when they occurred.
• The project was recognized by InfoWorld as one of the top 100 IT projects in 2004,
Architectures
• Layered
• Clustered
10
Layered Architecture
• A single powerful base station (BS)
• Layers of sensor nodes around BS
• Layer i: All nodes i-hop away from BS
• Applications:
• In-building: BS is an access point
• Military
• Short-distance, low power tx
11
• Organizes the sensor nodes
into clusters
• Each cluster is governed by
a cluster-head
• Only heads send messages
to a BS
• Suitable for data fusion
• Self-organizing
Clustered Architecture
Future of WSNSmart Home / Smart Office
• Sensors controlling
appliances and electrical
devices in the house.
• Better lighting and heating
in office buildings.
• The Pentagon building
has used sensors
extensively.
Biomedical / Medical• Health Monitors
• Glucose
• Heart rate
• Cancer detection
• Chronic Diseases
• Artificial retina
• Cochlear implants
• Hospital Sensors
• Monitor vital signs
• Record anomalies
Military
Remote deployment of sensors for tactical monitoringof enemy troop movements.
Industrial & Commercial• Numerous industrial and commercial applications:
• Agricultural Crop Conditions
• Inventory Tracking
• In-Process Parts Tracking
• Automated Problem Reporting
• RFID – Theft Deterrent and Customer Tracing
• Plant Equipment Maintenance Monitoring
Traffic Management & Monitoring
Future cars could use wireless sensors to:
Handle Accidents
Handle Thefts
Sensors embedded in the roads to:
–Monitor traffic flows
–Provide real-time route updates
Thank You