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V.A.R.I.E.S.Language and Humor Variation
by Don and Alleen Nilsen
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BASIC ASSUMPTIONS• There are various ways of saying basically the same
thing, but the words we use tell stories about who we are.
• Humorous language takes advantage of our differences. It’s often these very differences that make a joke funny.
• Linguists use the S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. or the V.A.R.I.E.S. models of language and humor variation to describe the important differences that are exhibited amongst speakers in our society.
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S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. MODELby John Gumpers and Dell Hymes
• S-Setting
• P-Participants
• E-Ends
• A-Act Sequence
• K-Key Tone or Mood
• I-Instrumentalities (writing vs. speech)
• N-Norms (expectations of the situation)
• G-Genre (e-mail, chant, research paper)
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V.A.R.I.E.S. MODELby Don and Alleen Nilsen
• V-VOCATIONAL JARGON AND HUMOR– Computer Guys, Doctors, Lawyers, Linguists, Teachers
• A-AGE-RELATED LANGUAGE AND HUMOR– Children, Teenagers, Old People
• R-REGIONAL LANGUAGE AND HUMOR– California, Canada, New York, South
• I-INFORMAL OR FORMAL LANGUAGE AND HUMOR– Casual Acquaintances, Lovers, Friends, Relatives
• E-ETHNIC LANGUAGE AND HUMOR– Blacks, Indians, Jews, Mexicans
• S-SEX-RELATED LANGUAGE AND HUMOR– Males, Females, Lesbians, Gays
Vocational Humor: Anthropologist Humor
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Business Humor
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Computer Humor
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Medical Humor
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Lawyer Humor
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Linguistic Humor
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Literary Scholar Humor
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Mathematician Humor
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Psychologist Humor
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Sociologist Humor
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Teacher Humor
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Age-Related Humor: Baby Humor
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Children’s Humor
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Teenager Humor
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Old Person Humor
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Really Old Person Humor
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Regional Humor
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American Dialect Society
American Dialect Society:http://americandialect.org/
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Australian Humor
Lost Baggage:http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=youtube+australia+lost+baggage&view=detail&mid=C9207D3C358B5828C7D8C9207D3C358B5828C7D8&FORM=VIRE
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British Humor
Accents and Archetypes of Great Britain:http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=youtube+british+dialects&view=detail&mid=2DDBFA52A6AC272F4D9D2DDBFA52A6AC272F4D9D&FORM=VIRE
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New England Humor
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Southern Humor
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Surfer Dude Humor (California)
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Valley Girl Humor (California)
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Western Humor
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Canadian Humor
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Informal or Formal Humor: Intimate
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Casual
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Formal
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FrozenIn The Five Clocks, Martin Joos distinguished between five forms of communication:
Intimate
Casual
Consultative
Formal and
Frozen
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Ethnic Humor
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Hispanic HumorDia de Los Muertos
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Asian Humor
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Black Humor
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Jewish Humor
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Mormon Humor
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Sex-Related Humor: Men’s Humor
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Women’s Humor
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Gay Humor
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Lesbian Humor
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Transvestite Humor
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Now it’s your turn. Tell us some jokes that relate to the V.A.R.I.E.S. Model
• V-VOCATIONAL JARGON– Computer Guys, Doctors, Lawyers, Linguists, Teachers
• A-AGE-RELATED LANGUAGE– Children, Teenagers, Old People
• R-REGIONAL LANGUAGE– California, Canada, New York, South
• I-INFORMAL OR FORMAL LANGUAGE– Casual Acquaintances, Lovers, Friends, Relatives
• E-ETHNIC LANGUAGE– Blacks, Indians, Jews, Mexicans
• S-SEX-RELATED LANGUAGE– Males, Females, Lesbians, Gays
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