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8/12/2019 Presentacin Language and Social Variation
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Natalie Ramos
Alexander Caro
By:
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Dialect: a form of a language that people speak in a particular part of a
country, containing some different words and grammar, etc.
Social marker: afeature that occur frequently in your speech (or not) wich
marks you as a member of a particular social group, whether you realize itor not.
Prestige: a way of explaining the direction in which certain individuals
change their speech.
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The study of the relationship between language and society
Anthropology
Sociology
Social psychology
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Concept:
Two main groups :
1. Middle Class
2. Working classupper and lower
a form of a language that people speak
in a particular part of a country, containing some
different words and grammar, etc.
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Example: Edinburgh, Scotland.
Word: Home
o Lower working class speakers: [hem]
o Lower-middle-class speakers: [hom]
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Example:
Them boys throwed somethin It wasnt us what done it
Those expressions are generally associated withspeakers who have spent less time in education.
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Labov (1966)
Where are the womens shoes?
1. Saks Fifth Avenue (Expensive items, upper-
middle class status)
2. Macys (medium-priced, middleclass status)
3. Kleins (with cheaper items, working class status)
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A feature that occur frequently in your
speech (or not) wich marks you as a member of a
particular social group, whether you realize it or not.
Pronouncing Postvocalic /r/
The final pronunciation of ing with [n] rather than
[]
[h] Dropping
Concept:
Examples:
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Formal Style: more careful attention to how
were speaking (careful style)
Informal Style: Less attention (casual style)
Style shifting
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middle-class speakers are much more likely to
shift their style of speaking significantly In the
direction of the upper middle class when they
are using a carefully style
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Concept:
Overt Prestige
Covert Prestige
a way of explaining the direction
in which certain individuals change their
speech.
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Two main concepts:
Convergence
Divergence
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCrE8e-9wtohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aizSpwKW0lUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aizSpwKW0lUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCrE8e-9wto8/12/2019 Presentacin Language and Social Variation
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Register
Situational
Occupational
Topical
Jargon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w42j7TSS580http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htVkGx4_GqAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vvk4ml9I6xghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqImkDgDwHUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqImkDgDwHUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vvk4ml9I6xghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htVkGx4_GqAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w42j7TSS5808/12/2019 Presentacin Language and Social Variation
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Colloquial speech
Age
Examples:
Bucks
Benjamins
you stupid a**hole!
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like clothing and music, slang is an aspect of
social life that is subject to fashion, especially
among adolescents. It can be used by those
inside a group who share ideas and attitudes
as a way of distinguishing themselves from
others.
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African American English (AAE)
A distinct set of social markers
Discrimination
Segregation
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Vernacular
African American Vernacular English (AAVE)
It is the form of AAE that has been most studied
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The sounds of a vernacular
Tendency to reduce final consonant clusters
Left hand(lef han)
Initial dental consonant
Think, that (tink , dat)
Possessive s and thid person singular s are not used
JohnsGirlfriend, she loves him. (John girlfriend, she love him)
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The grammar of a vernacular
The double negative construction
He dont know nothin
I aintafraid of no ghost
Frequent absence of forms of the verb to be
You crazy
She working now
+ beShe be working now
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