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Managing agricultural landscapes for ecosystem services, resilience
and human well-beingCibele Queiroz
Postdoc researcher, Stockholm Resilience Centre
Feeding a growing world population within a safe operating space for the humanity
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Image source: F.Pharand-Deschênes /Globaïa
A challenge for agricultural landscapes across the planet
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Kenya
Source: Corbis images
Portugal Australia
Source: http://envirohistorynz.com
Japan
Agricultural landscapes are complex social-ecological systems
External Drivers
Processes
Internal Drivers
Fee
db
acks
Feed
backs
External Drivers
Feedbacks
Feedbacks
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External Drivers Processes
Internal Drivers
Feed
bac
ks Feedb
acks
External Drivers
Feedbacks
Feedbacks
Global
Local
Agricultural landscapes are affected by drivers and feedbacks across scales
Agricultural landscapes are dynamic over time
Processes
Internal Drivers
Feed
bac
ks
Feedb
acks
Processes
Internal Drivers
Feed
bac
ks
Feedb
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Processes
Internal Drivers
Feed
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Feedb
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Ecosystem services
Provisioning
Food
Water
Fiber and timber
Regulation
Water cycle
Nurient cycle
C Sequestration
Supporting
Primaryproduction
Soil formation
Cultural
Aesthetic values
Recreation
Tourism
Biodiversity
Ecosystem services
Material well-being Physical well-being Social well-being Security well-being
Freedom of action and choice
Human well-being
MA, 2005
Why are ecosystem services a useful tool in agro-ecology?
• As intrinsically social-ecological they make a direct connection between the outputs of the agro-landscape and human-well being, providing an integrated perspective of agricultural landscapes.
• Bring to light multiple values of the agricultural landscape.
• Highlight the multidimensionality of the global food security challenge (food, health, equity and access among beneficiaries)
• Identify synergies and trade-offs among services, making visible potential unexpected effects of different management strategies
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Why are ecosystem services a useful tool in agro-ecology?
• As intrinsically social-ecological they make a direct connection between the outputs of the agro-landscape and human-well being, providing an integrated perspective of agricultural landscapes.
• Bring to light multiple values of the agricultural landscape.
• Highlight the multidimensionality of the global food security challenge (food, health, equity and access among beneficiaries)
• Identify synergies and trade-offs among services, making visible potential unexpected effects of different management strategies
10
Why are ecosystem services a useful tool in agro-ecology?
• As intrinsically social-ecological they make a direct connection between the outputs of the agro-landscape and human-well being, providing an integrated perspective of agricultural landscapes.
• Bring to light multiple values of the agricultural landscape.
• Highlight the multidimensionality of the global food security challenge (food, health, equity and access among beneficiaries)
• Identify synergies and trade-offs among services, making visible potential unexpected effects of different management strategies
11
Why are ecosystem services a useful tool in agro-ecology?
• As intrinsically social-ecological they make a direct connection between the outputs of the agro-landscape and human-well being, providing an integrated perspective of agricultural landscapes.
• Bring to light multiple values of the agricultural landscape.
• Highlight the multidimensionality of the global food security challenge (food, health, equity and access among beneficiaries)
• Identify synergies and trade-offs among services, making visible potential unexpected effects of different management strategies
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Agricultural landscapes can be highly multifunctional
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Cro
ps
Inco
me
Farm
ers
Ecosystem services
Benefits to human well-being Beneficiaries
Management
Governance
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Reviewing ecosystem services from trees in
an agro-landscape in West African Sahel
Sinare and Gordon, 2015
Reviewing ecosystem services from trees in
an agro-landscape in West African Sahel
Sinare and Gordon, 2015
Reviewing ecosystem services from trees in
an agro-landscape in West African Sahel
• Literature was very scattered across different disciplines
• Ecosystem services approach useful for integrating these different perspectives
Sinare and Gordon, 2015
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Cro
ps
Ecosystem services
Inco
me
Benefits to human well-being
Farm
ers
Beneficiaries
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Cro
ps
Inco
me
Farm
ers
Ecosystem services
Benefits to human well-being Beneficiaries
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• It is the interaction between ecosystem services that is more useful for managing complex agricultural landscapes, as it highlights trade-offs and synergies among services, benefits and stakeholder groups
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Mapping bundles of ecosystem services
Queiroz et al., 2015
Hamann et al. in review
Reasoning:
• Some services come often together in bundles while others never do
• Exploring interactions and bundles of ecosystem services allows to identify those relationships and understand what services are dependent on the same social-ecological processes.
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Mapping bundles of ecosystem services in the Norrström basin, Sweden
Queiroz et al., 2015
Advantages:
• Focusing on bundles allows for integrated management options targeted for the enhancement of groups of services instead of individual services.
• It avoids some of the perverse outcomes of single-services targeted strategies
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Mapping bundles of ecosystem services in the Norrström basin, Sweden
Queiroz et al., 2015
Ecosystem services in the Norrström basin
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Mapping bundles of ecosystem services in the Norrström basin, Sweden
Queiroz et al., 2015
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Cro
ps
Inco
me
Farm
ers
Ecosystem services
Benefits to human well-being Beneficiaries
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Ecosystem services for poverty alleviation – the need for disaggregating human well-being
Daw et al. 2011
• Highlights the need for disaggregating human well-being in its different dimensions and the relative contribution of each dimension to different beneficiaries
Ecosystem services for poverty alleviation – the need for disaggregating human well-being
• Explores the concept of well-being elasticity (how much can local ecosystems degrade before human well-being is affected)
Daw et al. 2011
Challenges and future directions
• Ecosystem services are still difficult to measure. Need for indicators that are easily available.
• Using publically available data
• Developing a framework and methodology for assessing supply, use and demand of ecosystem services
• Develop further the analysis of interactions among services
Challenges – current work
Challenges and future directions
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• Ecosystem services are still difficult to measure. Need for indicators that are easily available.
• Further research on the connections between ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes and the different dimensions of well-being is needed
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• Map the distribution of the multiple dimensions of well-being in an agricultural landscape
• Map how are benefits from the local agro-landscape distributed among users/stakeholder groups
Challenges – current work
The EAT initiative. A global initiative that addresses the challenge of global food security by:
• Aiming to the integration of sustainable food production, nutrition and health and equity and access to food
• Engaging several science and business partners across the world
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Challenges – current work
Challenges and future directions
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• Ecosystem services are still difficult to measure. Need for indicators that are easily available.
• Further research on the connections between ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes and the different dimensions of well-being is needed
• Move from snapshot assessments of ecosystem services distribution and interactions to assessing the dynamics of services over time in agricultural landscapes
• Ensuring the resilience of desirable multifunctional agricultural landscapes and/or the transformation of less desirable states
• Define the components of desirable agricultural landscapes in terms of ecosystem services and their relation with the multiple dimensions of human well-being and distribution of benefits
• Investigate further the features that provide social-ecological response diversity in food production landscapes (work ongoing by J.Haider SRC).
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Challenges – current and future work
• Define the components of desirable agricultural landscapes in terms of ecosystem services and their relation with the multiple dimensions of human well-being and distribution of benefits
• Investigate further the features that provide social-ecological response diversity in food production landscapes (work ongoing by J.Haider SRC among others).
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Challenges – current and future work
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Cro
ps
Inco
me
Farm
ers
Ecosystem services
Benefits to human well-being Beneficiaries
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