Photo documentation bogor workshop 14 november 2014

Key researchers, policy makers and practitioners brought together

Session I : Welcome and IntroductionWelcome and Introduction

Session II – Thematic 1 : Evidence and economics of Eco-DRR / CCAPlenary sessions

Lunch break

Session III – Thematic 2 : Decision making tools for Eco-DRR / CCAPlenary sessions

Session III – Thematic 2 : Decision making tools for Eco-DRR / CCATwo parallel sessions Day 1

WorkshopIntroduction

MODERATOR

Dr. Heru SantosoIndonesian Institute of Science (LIPI)

REMARKS DELIVERED BY :

Dr. Robert DelinomIndonesian Institute of Science (LIPI)

Prof. Jakob RhynerUnited Nations University (UNU-EHS)

Dr. Muralee ThummarukudyUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

WorkshopIntroduction

• Dr. Doody S. Sudkadri, Indonesian Council on Climate

Change

• Dr. Fabrice Renaud, UNU-EHS

• Ms Marie-Jose Vervest, Wetlands International

• Dr Udo Nehren, Cologne Univerity of Applied Science

PRINCIPAL MESSAGES

This is a timely meeting as 2015 will bring us a power package of policy-making decisions: the Sustainable Development Goals, the UNFCCC Paris summit and the 3rd World Conference on DRR in Sendai.

This workshop offers a “thinking outside of the box” approach and one area where more work can be done is to consider co-benefits of ecosystem approaches including health, food and water security and biodiversity.

We aim to improve understanding of the importance and economic benefits of the Eco-DRR approach – we are hopeful that from this workshop we will be able to improve our tools, especially in the economic domain.

Thematic 1Evidence and Economics

KEY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

What are the different economic decision-making tools for demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of ecosystem approaches, taking into account the data constraints?

What are the current constraints to applying such tools for Eco-DRR/CCA initiatives?

What are current best practices or innovative case studies for applying such approaches?

What recommendations can be made for developing a methodological framework for demonstrative cost effectiveness for Eco-DRR/CCA?

DAY 1

KEYNOTE

Going beyond valuation : Identifying policy instruments to promote investments in ecosystem-based climate adaptation and DRR

Ms Lucy EmertonEnvironment Management Group


DAY 1

One of the main problems has been the undervaluation of ecosystems. Economists are not accustomed to apply economic analysis of ecosystems valuation for DRR – Economists are in the very beginning of understanding how to capture ecosystem services in general.

Using valuation to make the case for Eco-DRR/CCA is important in tipping the balance in favour of ecosystem approaches or in combination with grey approaches. Unless policy makers actually follow through with actual investments in ecosystems, then we are making no progress.

Valuation is important, but so what? Valuation is a means to an end, it is just to inform us - how do we move on beyond capturing ecosystem values and actually leverage investments?

KEYNOTE

How do geohazards affect mortality and economic losses ?

Prof. Brian McAdooYale-NUS College


DAY 1

We need better data at all scales. We need a longer time window for undertaking analysis. It is important to focus on small as well as larger disasters but most data sets only address the large scale disasters.

We should have a look at the policy maker’s spending budget and how much is invested in DRR.

With respect to drought we should considered the temporal scale for impact analysis. In this regard, the economic losses may even be higher.

It is possible to design projects that bring multiple benefits, including protecting biodiversity, and mitigating DRR and CCA.

Thematic 2Decision-making tools


How is Eco-DRR/CCA operationalized and what tools/methods/approaches are utilized to implement Eco-DRR/CCA interventions?

What are main constraints for operationalizing Eco-DRR/CCA, either at project or programmatic levels?

How can implementation of Eco-DRR/CCA be improved?

DAY 1


KEYNOTE

The role of natural resource in reducing community risk: Enabling decisions for comprehensive resilience

Adam Whelchel, The Nature Conservancy

• TNC focused on quantifying evidence of coastal/marine ecosystems in reducing coastal risk - but closely linked to policy and decision making. Examples provided of decision support tools developed through the Coastal Resilience Network: applied in eastern U.S.A, Gulf of Mexico

• Need to factor not only existing development and transit but future economic growth and redevelopment

• Need to improve how we communicate this evidence to policymakers: “Pre-disaster planning, design and policy is in fact post-storm prevention”, “Proactive policies increase our flexibility and avoid future costs”

• Questions we struggle with:

• How to achieve a higher level of confidence regarding Eco–DRR/CCA? • Tradeoffs - soft, hybird and hard approaches?• What is applicable and replicable?• Tools that clarify outcomes of policy? Multi-scenarios that are spatial

and reveal tradeoffs

DAY 1


PRESENTATIONS Living flood in the Mahanadi Delta, India

Ms Marie-Jose Vervest, Wetlands International

DAY 1

• Key principles of Partners for Resilience project in India

• Flood risk reduction recognizes value of natural

flows and (pulse) floods

• Ecosystem restoration measures considered with

human-engineered risk reduction interventions

• Landscape approaches integrated with early-

warning, preparedness and response measures

• Livelihood options are diversified & include

natural capital and micro-enterprise development

• Risk reduction plans developed in 126 villages based

on understanding of ecosystem, natural hazards and

livelihood linkages

• Adopted cluster /landscape approach: to link risk

reduction plans of villages located in similar risk

context, and explore opportunities for joint actions

• Individual village plans were compiled at the level of 3

clusters: coastal, central & delta head.

• Implementing improvements to natural capital

(mangrove restoration, river banks), livelihoods, disaster

preparedness, capacity building of people and

institutions,

• Successful in leveraging other funds and initiatives

Cluster Plan

Village

Risk

reducti

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Plan

Village

Risk

reducti

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Plan

Village

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Plan

PRESENTATIONS

DAY 1

Applications of environmental management tools and implementation of ecosystem-based DRR towards mitigation from impact of Dec. 04 Tsunami at Kalpakkam: A case study

Dr Sasidhar Palagummi, IGCS, Indian Institute of Technology Madras

• Kalpakkan township impacted by 2004 Tsunami

• Carried out quantitative impact assessments – also looked at environmental impacts/changes

• Developed short and long-term coastalrisk reduction strategy -Human-centered restoration approaches were carefully evaluated taking into consideration various stakeholders’ interests.

• Long-term mitigation measures included: early warning systems, tsunami protection wall, green belts and open spaces along coast, maintaining existing mangroves and sandbars as natural buffers and for recreation


PRESENTATIONS

Climate Ready Communities : what communication can do

Ms Syarifah Dalimunthe, Research Center for Population, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

DAY 1

• Improve people’s understanding of climate change and impacts on theirlives

• Distinction between rural and urbanresidents

• Current communication initiatives scare people rather than incentivizethem to be pro-active

• Use of different communication technologies and tools (e.g. mobile phones, TV reality shows) to reachpeople and promote collective actions

• These approaches can be used for promoting implementation of Eco-DRR/CCA


PRESENTATIONS

DAY 1

Utilizing PGIS approaches for Eco-DRR: the experiences of the Lukaya River Basin IWRM* National Pilot Project in Kinshasa, DR Congo

Ms Céline Jacmain, United Nations Environment Programme

• Setting up a participatory watershedmanagement plan that takes into accountdisaster risks

• Participatory GIS engages stakeholders of the same geographical area (in the watershed) to collectively takemanagement decisions based on a better(visual) understanding of water and land use issues within the watershed

• Residents built a 3D model of the Lukayariver basin to scale (1/7500)

• 3D model was used to help users visualize themselves in the watershed, collect data on risk, and facilitate dialogue on potential Eco-DRR activities

• Helped to identify flood prone areas and discuss possible community-based early warning systems that can be put in place


PARALLEL SESSION I :

Risk drivers and their consequences: how the Pacific has responded through joint national action plans for disaster risk management and climate change

Pacific Islands are at high risk. But risk is not high on the political agenda, and understanding hazards is not prioritized.

Many countries are asking integration of DRR/CCA in water sector (drought)

Q: Are ecosystem elements addressed in strategy for disaster and climate resilient development in the Pacific? Ecosystems not specified enough, although some successes.

Advances in Environmental Impact Assessment regulations for conservation and building back better after an event

DAY 1

Presentation by Mr Naoya Furuta, International Union for Conservation of Nature



Demand for and uptake of ecosystem-based DRR/CCA research : a framework for the PEDRR Research Agenda.

Mr Jyotiraj Patra, International Development Research Centre, Canada

Need to understand knowledge-policy linkages, understandpower relations

EbA systematic review : Lack of quantitative measures of success and limited use in adaptation policy and practice

Use partnerships to further strengthen science-policy linkages

Develop capacities of researchers – researchers should be trained in understanding policy processes

Stress importance of research uptake and generate demand for research

Document and disseminate best practices and lessons

Political approval after a disaster- often there is political space motivation/action on DRR policies and regulations, seek to introduce change in post-disaser contexts.

DAY 1



Social perception of climate-related risks for EbA measures in Teresopolis, Brazil.

Mr Wolfram Lange & Mr Christian Pirzer,Seminar for rural developmentHumboldt University, Berlin

• Social perception at the centre of analysis- lack of knowledge about Eco-DRR

• Focused on : Why people do not participate in Eco-DRR projects? How to get individuals to take responsibility.

• Gap in knowledge exists, including in context of own responsibility in conservation, and how to obtain resources

• Understanding real vs. perceived risks

• Address focal points, social actors, community leaders, increased participation

• Community participation is key for EbA and Eco-DRR

• Eco-DRR is implemented through high labour input, no need for high level diploma (as opposed to grey infrastructures).

DAY 1



Assessment and management of flood risks in Nouakchott (Mauritania)

Dr. Ahmed Senhoury, Regional Partnership for conservation of Coastal and Marine areas in West Africa

New city- growing rapidly, below sea level in places, climatic hazards, groundwater in contact with sea = facing increased risk of flooding

Coastal degradation due to many anthropogenic factors including shoreline modifications, sand dune mining, beach constructions

Need for public awareness: Mapped flood risks and their social and economic impacts

Measures adopted:

Reinforcement of the coastal dune by vegetation

Recovery and transport of sediments

Achieve adequate sanitation (waste disposal)

Creation of protected urban areas (humid areas)- with dual uses eg. Leisure, education, flood absorption

DAY 1



The role of linking social capital for coastal management in Bedono Coastal Area, Central Java, Indonesia

Dr. Etienne Turpin, University of Wollongong

Jakarta development and population growth TOO FAST

Garbage in rivers- exacerbate flooding. Who to blame? What to do?

Can social media be used to give real time information to relevant agencies and populations?

How can social media really work for Eco-DRR. Is landscape change occurring rapid enough to be tweeted?

Proposed actions:

Use social media tools to build community resilience

Start with people on the ground- work up to government policy makers

Development of a geospatial intelligence framework:Next generation decision framework

DAY 1


PARALLEL SESSION II :

Challenges for implementing Eco-DRR and CCA in urban planning in developing countries: lessons from Kathmandu, Nepal

Ms. Simone Sandholz, Innsbruck University

Huge, unorganized development in the city with associated consequences such as air and water quality, less land slide protection, decreasing in spiritual and recreational values

Lack of interactions between the governance levels, legal jungle, dependency on external development aid

Lack of green areas

Ways forward:

Different entry points for awareness raising on Eco-DRR in University curriculum (Climate change, disaster prevention – new generation of policymakers

Recognizing community based actions

Increase enforcement of laws/regulations and decentralization

DAY 1



Exploring DRR/CCA mainstreaming through policy tools and legislation in India and case analysis of EIAs in addressing flood disaster in Uttarakhand

Ms Sreeja Nair, National Institute of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home Affair

Policy entry points for Eco-DRR/CCA - Disaster Management, Environmental sectors such as Agriculture, Water, Climate change

Lack of coordination and communication (contradictory and multiple implementing agencies)

Diverging interests and different powers between government ministries and agencies

Some critical issues not considered (e.g. potential contribution of DRR interventions on community based adaptation)

Enforcement and implementation of laws and regulations needed

DAY 1



Demand for an uptake of ecosystem-based DRR/CCA research: a framework for the PEDRR Research Agenda

Mr. Jyotiraj Patra, International Development Research Centre, Canada

Erosion of coastal areas due to sea level rise (up to 3.2 km) causing relocation

Lack of financial support

Wetland international concluded that mangroves were not sufficient, needed integration with other engineering solution and hybrid solutions

Measures proposed:

Building bridges

Planting mangroves to protect houses and elevating houses in groups

Coordination between state and non-state actors and levels

DAY 1



Towards anticipatory management of forest and peat fires to enhance local resilience and reduce natural capital depletion

Mr Johan Kieft, UNORCID

Peat land largest GHGs sources in Indonesia (40-50%) but also a source of natural capital (water, biodiversity, carbon) - opened for agricultural development

Difficulties in management of peat lands – face increased risk of fires and floods, land subsidence (from water withdrawals)

In the context of peat: natural capital depletion and enhanceddisaster risk are results of the same development process

Applying a green economy perspective – to help focus attention on social, economic and environmental sustainability for national development - to change planning behaviour around peat

• Natural Capital Accounting for peat as a tool to make environmental services tangible:• As a tool in Strategic Environmental Assessment• Underpinning GREEN GDP accounting (SEEA)

• Peat land areas should be viewed as a priority to pilot “Green Planning” - BUT More research needed on links between natural capital accounting and DRR

DAY 1



Performance based ecosystem restoration for climate change adaptation: a procedural approach

Ms Sony Baral, IUCN, Nepal

Landslide risks in Nepal

Despite high investments in forest plantations, forest performance is poor due to lack of technical knowledge and forest management issues, problems with incentives

Partnership between Public (technical specification and standards) private (species selection demand, business linkages) and communities (management)

Monitoring for adaptive management

New performance based payment for plantations (with communities involvement, no seedling but natural regeneration, no fencing, incentive payment for successful re-afforestation, periodic technical support and mentoring)

Investing in performance-based restoration give higher returns and cost effective (in all scenarios)

DAY 1

Day 2

Summary of discussions in day 1

Session IV– Thematic 3 : innovative institutional arrangements and policies for Eco-DRR / CCAPlenary sessions

Lunch break

Session IV – Thematic 3 : innovative institutional arrangements and policies for Eco-DRR / CCATwo parallel sessions

Session V – Thematic 4 : cutting edge scientific research and technical innovations on Eco-DRR / CCAPlenary sessions

Session VI – Breakout Groups for each thematic areas : part 1

1. Economics 2. Tools 3. Policies ? 4. ????

Recap Day 1

Ms Marisol Estrella - UNEP

Discussion highlights under Thematic 1

• Only direct values of ecosystems were considered by economists – today increasing acceptance of valuing indirect values (i.e. Total Ecosystem Services)

• Practice of applying economic tools to value DRR services of ecosystems is still evolving

• "and so what?" - going beyond valuation - who gains, who bears the costs? - capture and redistribute values/ benefits to create economic incentives and investments

• Communication – be clear on what , to whom, for what?• Bottomline is governance – be politically savvy, need to

make a case to get Eco-DRR/CCA in planning and financial agenda

• Emerging areas of work is with the private sector – eg. Insurance sector , looking at fiscal and tax incentives

• Issue of temporality – immediate costs vs. Long term gains, immediate vs long term impacts of disasters (drought)

• Need better disaster data – assumptions, gaps , small vs large disasters

DAY 2

SUMMARY OF DAY ONE :

Recap Day 1

Chocolate challenge!!

Who said that 100 million people were living within 10km of coral reefs in Indonesia, India, Philippines

(Answer: Adam Whelchel, TNC)

Discussion highlights under Thematic 2

A wide range of tools available:

• Adopt science-based approach to inform decision-making and policies

• Taking a landscape approach - e.g. clustering of villages approach

• Multi-hazard approach – work with both climatic and non-climatic hazards

• Combining participatory with «scientific» approaches • Hybrid approaches – green combined with gray

infrastructure, harnessing multiple benefits of ecosystems

• Increased integration between DRR and CCA - but not necessarily ecosystem based approach!

• Use of social media to give real time information? • Enhancing role of communities /social actors in

implementing eco-drr/CCA• Top-down / bottom-up approach is important – emphasis

on local resilience but also addressing risk drivers

DAY 2

SUMMARY OF DAY ONE :

Additional Reflections on Thematic 1

Valuation of ecosystem services for DRR

Dr. Rudolf de Groot, Wageningen University

High cost of ecosystem loss, estimation 2.5% per year Question: how to value, how to compare against

engineered solutions Different ways to measure economic/monetary

values, : market price, shadow price, questionnaire based, benefit (value) transfer, each with advantages /challenges, depending on data availability and specific ecosystem values to be measured

Can emphasize additional benefits of ecosystem services beyond hazard protection/regulation

Need to start seeing money spent in conservation as investment rather than cost

Need better information on net-benefits, based on “inclusive” calculations/assumptions

DAY 2

KEYNOTE

Thematic 3Institutions & policies

Why is “scaling-up” of Eco-DRR/CCA needed? (What do we mean by “going to scale”?)

What are the key entry points or opportunities at national and/or local levels for scaling-up / mainstreaming Eco-DRR/CCA?

What are the key challenges to scaling up and mainstreaming of the Eco-DRR/CCA approach?

What are the supporting elements / “ingredients” for going to scale? DAY 2



Managing coastal dunes system for Eco-DRR and EbA along urban-rural gradients: Experiences from Indonesia, Vietnam and Chile

Dr. Ho Dac Thai Hoang, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Viet Nam and Dr Udo Nehren, Cologne University of Applied Sciences

Comparison of dunes systems having high pressure by looking at 3 countries (Indonesia, Vietnam and Chile) and showing their buffering effects against storms, etc.

Understanding ecosystem services provided by dune systems in 3 countries + use of products from dune systems

Definition of categories and indicators for the degree of degradation of dune systems reducing buffer services

Overall objective: providing degradation status, loss of dune areas and communicating consequences.

Assessed Legal frameworks: Vietnam and Indonesia: Legal frameworks for the

protection of coastal dune systems. Chile: bunch of legal frameworks addressing dune

systems in the country (civil code: public use of coastline and beach front (80 m)) + other legal frameworks, etc.

DAY 2

KEYNOTE


Climate change in Egypt: Strategy for adaptation and DRR

Prof. Aly Nabih El-Bahrawy, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University

Most countries don’t have a strategy for CCA. Egypt has a national strategy working with 2 scenarios: sea level rise of 0,5 and 1 m

Long list of determinants in different areas (social, economic,...) for CC strategy, many sectors affected and involved, CC expected to impact strongly on Egyptian economy

Strategy aims to increase flexibility of Egyptian society to deal with CC induced risks

Mainstreaming of CCA in IWRM plans, presenting key steps: Situational Analysis of the Policy and Legislative

Framework Creating Enabling Environment Planning and Policy Structures Develop Institutional Structures

DAY 2

PRESENTATION


Emerging science-policy institutional opportunities to inform and strengthen ecosystem-based DRR plans : Insights from the Ghed area of Porbandar in coastal Gujarat, India

Ms Komal Gokalbhai Kantariya, Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority

Ghed ecosystem in low lying coastal Gujarat is prone to water logging, problems with salinity, people depending on livestock. Area is prone to multiple disasters, including floods and sea-level rise

Problem: Lack of integrated approaches between areas and institutions involved, but: emerging opportunities for eco-DRR in watershed management and irrigation canal development

Disaster management policy of Gujarat exists, but limited scope for Eco-DRR approaches, in pre-and post-disaster, not mentioned in policy

DAY 2

PRESENTATION


The role of protected areas for DRR – a case study of Sanriku Reconstruction National Park, Japan

Mr Naoya Furuta, UICN, Japan

Technological solutions are not always effective in disaster risk management. Dual sea wall with 10.45 m height was developed to prevent tsunami hazards. However in 2011, this wall failed to protect against the tsunami, causing fatalities and damages.

Sanriku Fukko (reconstruction) national park has been created in response to improved disaster governance.

Coastline plantations prevented some damage, eg. helped to keep debris from reaching inland. Tidal flats reclaimed for agriculture will now be restored as a response to the disaster.

The park is used for ecotourism to demonstrate the role of protected area, coastal green belts in disasters

The National Resilience Act has been accepted as an integrative tool, with efforts to take into account Ecosystem-based DRR.

DAY 2


A forest caught 20 ships washed inland by a 6 meter

tsunami, thereby protecting the houses located behind

the trees


Protected areas and the risks of climate change in Asia

Pr. Jeffrey McNeely, Thailand’s Department of National Parks

The impact of climate change on humans is felt through impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity.

Protected areas help to maintain options for future, by conserving biodiversity and supporting ecosystem services.

Tropical peat forests valuable for carbon sequestration and should be conserved, especially in countries, such as Indonesia, in connection to REDD+ - need to explore how to combine with Protected Areas and maximizing benefits for CCA and DRR

Around 40% of forests are located in protected areas globally.

• Example of paying for ecosystem services provided by protected areas: Thailand, protected area supports functioning of a hydro-dam, whose revenues are reinvested to manage the protected area.

• Other possibilities for maximizing PA’s multiple benefits: REDD+

DAY 2


Opportunities & Challenges in sustaining Community based Eco-DRR approach in the mangrove forests of Indian Sundarbans

Mr. Rajarshi DasGupta, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University

After Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004, mangroves were regarded as a DRR solution. But economic benefits poorly understood.

Study area: India Sundarbans is exposed to tropical cyclones and other disasters

Embankments built as an engineering solution but they are often damaged and therefore ineffective.

Mangroves are important for community resilience and post-disaster recovery. Conservation and management of mangrove forests allows for community participation, together with forest department and civil government.

Study promoted approaches to social-economic sustainability, since economic incentives are generally limited, but also looked at environmental and institutional sustainability.

DAY 2



Ecosystems as places and homes to reduce risk

Dr. Keith Morrison, PaCE-SD, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji

Risks include for example the increasing urbanization and poverty from migration due to anthropogenic climate change.

Adaptive capacity has been presented as a denominator of vulnerability.

Exposure includes natural stress, but also unjust stress, including unjust governance, inequity or dysfunctional governance.

Tension between management theory and community experience has been recognized, not considering role of the cultural traditions.

Traditional knowledge views ecosystem as home and place.

Communities can self-organize to create own governance structure leading to adaptive co-management.

DAY 2



Governance of disaster risk as governance of social-ecological systems

Dr. Urbano Fra Paleo, University of Extremadura

Current policies and management do not take into account interaction within social-ecological systems, they are divided rather than integrative.

High level of complexity between local, regional and national levels, with different interests in managing disasters.

However, it is changing with horizontal communication as people can exchange information on associated risk.

Disasters are not only natural or technological but combined, therefore higher connectivity between policies is required.

Interaction between natural system and social system is not managed in an integrated way.

Science dimension changed as well as creating the risk but also coming with solutions to the risk.

Some disciplines ignored the traditional local cultural knowledge of the risk.

DAY 2



Innovative institutional arrangements and policies for Eco-DRR and CCA

Dr. Hendri Yuzal, University of Hawaii at Manoa

What is important is building an institutional capacity that creates resilient institutions

Capacity development is important to create resilient institutions by making them flexible.

Factors such as transfer of knowledge and skills, matching right polices with appropriate legal authority are elements of capacity for adaptation.

Example of good institutional approach and successful recovery process is Aceh (Tsunami 2004) disaster, where a coordination agency was quickly put in place.

On the other hand, response to Typhoon Haiyan reflected limited institutional capacity which led to very slow response and recovery.

These institutional arrangements have implications for financing adaptation; the challenge is to measure effectiveness of financial flows.

DAY 2



Initial status and profiles of identified eco-towns in the Philippines

Dr. Ruth Guzman, Rizal Technological University

Implementation of climate change action plans at the local level will be through ecologically stable and economically resilient towns – “Ecotowns”

Ecotowns will be a planning unit comprised of a municipality or a group of municipalities located within or in the boundaries of key Biodiversity Areas (sensitive forest, coastal and marine ecosystems, small islands, food baskets) and are highly vulnerable to climate change

Ecotowns could be the basis for helping local governments link CCA and DRR in their policy planning and provision of public services

Main objective is to enable municipalities become climate change resilient and also economically and ecologically sustainable

DAY 2



Community-based climate proofing and comprehensive site development pilot programs in Aurora Province, Philippines

Mr. Oscar Carraso, IDC Environment & Livelihood Development Foundation

Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) in the Philippines is introduced to support biodiversity conservation and as a barrier against natural disasters, where the concept of Eco DRR / CCA can be integrated in the forestry sector.

Zambales mountains especially the Mangatarem forest remains one of the important biodiversity areas and serves as a barrier to natural disasters.

Division of forest management zones: Strict Protection Zones, Production Zone, Special Use Zone.

The technical working group (TWG) to formulate the Critical Habitat Management Plan (CHMP) in August 2012.

Technical Working Group workshop in UP Diliman and formulated the planning module for CHMP.

The critical habitat planning process involves: situational analysis, cross visits, management planning, public consultation, planning and adoption approval.

DAY 2



The legal and institutional framework for effective wetlands management to reduce disaster risk and adapt to climate change in the eastern Free State of South Africa

Mr. Johannes Amate Belle, University of the Free State

Conservation and management of wetlands in South Africa needs a legal framework (including special Act & Policy on wetlands conservation) to better promote wetland conservation in the context of DRR and CCA.

Study includes examining and comparing the laws and institutional arrangement related to the management of wetlands at international, national and provincial level with the aim of identifying the gaps in the national legislation on wetlands.

The methodology for the study includes study of national and international agreements, evaluating wetland programmes and conducting interviews with wetland/environmental experts (thematically analyzed).

Several international frameworks agreements including the RamsarConvention (1971), CBD, Agenda 21, UNFCCC were identified along with national legislations including Act 108 of the Constitution of South Africa, National Environmental Management Act (1998).

DAY 2



Can Japan introduce Eco-DRR to its highly artificialized coasts ? Huge sea wall construction plan and amendment of the Sea Coast Act after the Great Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

Prof. Satoquo Seino, Kyushu University

A rich country (i.e. Japan) shows a strong preference on large scale hard engineering coastal structures such as high, extended sea walls because the Japanese people (traumatized by tsunami) want hard structures over anything else.

Local fishermen are very aware and are traditionally connected to the buffer functions of natural sand bars.

Alternative (eco-)solutions to live securely are limited in densely populated areas.

DAY 2



Rebuilding with resilience: Towards a child-centered and ecosystem-based DRR in Post-Yolanda Philippines

Ms Maya Lyn C. Manosoc, UNICEF

After a disaster, there is an opportunity to rebuild with a higher degree of resilience than before the disaster.

Eco-DRR is identified as key approach to long-term disaster prevention and mitigation in the new UNICEF Programme; they seek for technical support and advise on how to implement this.

DAY 2




What (i) evidence exists and (ii) research is required to understand better the role of ecosystems when dealing with low-frequency, high-magnitude hazards?

How can research on Eco-DRR/CCA be carried out to be relevant at multiple spatial scales?

How do we improve our knowledge on the role of Eco-DRR/CCA for “creeping hazards”?

How do we design an empirically solid process by which impacts on ecosystems and their recovery can be measured?

DAY 1

Thematic 4Cutting edge scientific research

and technical innovations



Ecosystems for reducing landslide risk toward eco-safe roads in Nepal

Dr. Karen Sudmeier-Rieux, University of Lausanne, Switzerland

Unplanned, poorly constructed road development funded by private individuals and overseas remittance, causing erosion and increased risk of landslides

Economic loses for local communities due to road damages or failure

An interdisciplinary approach is important to better understand all the factors. It is important to build ownership. Lots of local knowledge available (community mapping). State of art combined research combined with community based knowledge. Good scientific models but how to communicate results.

Communicating knowledge to policy makers is key. Photos can help to communicate (bleeding mountains) Need for economic analysis EcoDRR evidence poses challenge: How to generalize? Eco

DRR is very much local, making it difficult to generalize

DAY 2

KEYNOTE :

Assessing and visualizing vulnerability of ecosystem services within the framework of environmental security strategies.

Dr. David Vackar, Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.

Problem/Question:

Integrated access to global change impacts on environment security in Czech Republic

Challenge: Vulnerability of Ecosystem Services (various types of information)

Methodology/Approach:

Spatial grid of hazards

Spatial overlay of disaster risk to find hotspots (flooding, invasive species, etc.).

Results/Conclusion:

Visualization of vulnerable hot spots of ecosystem services

Total risk assessment

Develop database of ecosystem service value

DAY 2

KEYNOTE :



Bid data : a new tool for disaster reduction policies?

Mr. Giulio Quaggiotto, Global Pulse Indonesia

DAY 2

KEYNOTE :

Problem/Question:

Problem: Data on important ongoing events/disasters are outdated or very limited. Big data could be a solution.

Methodology/Approach:

Using real-time social media and big data (telephone networks, movements, connections, etc.) for policy making > “policy makers don’t have to ask the citizen anymore”

Various case studies/Examples of big data applications:

Real time traffic information and forecasting

Test real-time information on floods through tweets

Results/Conclusion:

How to use the data? How to value this data?

How to give the big data back into community?

How to communicate for policy makers?

Communication tools to policy makers are important.



A role for geo-information in Eco-DRR

Mr. Bart Krol, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente

DAY 2

KEYNOTE :

General statement: Why do we use Geo-information? What measures to

reduce risk? Where to implement the activity?Methodology/Approach: Modeling: Using spatial-temporal tools Spatial decision support system for changing hydro-

metrological risks Example: “The planning kit” tool in the NetherlandsResults/Conclusion: Geo-information can be used for spatial temporal

modeling (to understand what has happened at a certain time, e.g flooding). Help also to understand future flood scenarios.

It is necessary to compare the implementation result with the model.

Q&A: Geo-information can be used not only for water related questions also for forest interventions, etc.



Group Discussions (Part I)DAY 2

THEMATIC 1 : Evidence and Economics THEMATIC 2: Decision making tools

THEMATIC 3: Institutional arrangements and policies

THEMATIC 4: Research and innovations

Group Discussions (Part I)DAY 2

Summary of discussions in day 2

Session V – Thematic 4 : cutting edge scientific research and technical innovations Plenary sessions

Lunch break

Session VI – Group discussions : breakout groups for each thematic areas part 2

1. Economics, 2. Tools, 3. Institutional arrangements and Policies, 4. Research and technological innovations

Session VI – Group discussions : breakout groups for each thematic areas part 3

Session VII – Science-Policy Panel DebateChallenges and solutions for mainstreaming Eco-DRR/Ebain development policies . Day 3

Recap of Day 2

Dr. Adam Welchel, The Nature Conservancy

Key highlights:

Ongoing uses and degradations of dunes system globally – need a status of degradation/loss

Complexity of policies around ecosystems –redundancies, overlaps, limited or indirect protection

Strategic analysis of existing regulations, policies and laws (Egypt)

Country scale vulnerability assessment of ecosystem services is possible and needed for environmental security

Ecosystems are homes and places for people – exposure to change creates adaptive capacity

Leveragability and applicability of pilots to a larger scale

DAY 3

SUMMARY OF DAY TWO :

Baa baa saa baa baa… who remembers the meaning ?

What can water do for DRR and what can DRR do for water ? Uncovering joint objectives in DRR and water poverty reduction

Dr. Zita Sebesvari, UNU-EHS

Raising linkages between water availability and vulnerability to hazards.

The coastal dune system in The Netherlands : an example of multi-functional use: for flood protection, drink water supply, conservation, and recreation.

In the Mekong delta in Vietnam, coastal dunes provide services of flood protection and seasonal harvesting of water for water supply.

The possibility of joint water and DRR efforts may give increased options and synergy.

One issue was raised about human interventions in water sector that increases disaster risk, e.g. construction of dams in rivers which lead to saline intrusion in coastal sand dunes? (McNeely). The speaker acknowledged this as an issue and pointed out that dependence of perched water tables for water supply was not sustainable.

DAY 3

PRESENTATION



Ecosystem-based strategies to increase local communities resilience to climate variability

Dr. Giacomo Fedele, Centre for International Forestry Research

Knowledge gap exists about:

social vulnerability in forest areas and

related adaptation options.

Additional knowledge is needed about;

• social-economic systems in forest areas:

• how do people deal with climate variation, and

• how do they handle expected changes?

• what are links between land use management and provision of ecosystem services ?

The methodological approach was to use the five “capitals” to unpack the root causes. Problem so far is that the adaptation theme is only since recently on the agenda.

DAY 3

PRESENTATION



Building with nature for erosion protection in Indonesia

Ms. Etwin Kuslati Sabarini, Wetlands International Indonesia

In her presentation Etwin Sabarini introduces an example of a mixed technical (hybrid engineering, aka ‘building with nature’) and advocacy approach in dealing with coastal erosion of 700 m – 1 km (2003 -2012): trapping of sediment and subsequent natural mangrove rehabilitation

Addressing problems of aquaculture interrupting the balance between coastal erosion and sedimentation.

Structural (hard engineering) interventions have shown to increase wave height and interrupt tidal process and decreasing accretion of sand and sediment, thus promoting erosion.

The key lessons were that involvement of communities, government participation over the long term is vital for success.

DAY 3

PRESENTATION



The relative importance of forest than other land uses in controlling local climate: result of a preliminary study

Dr. Heru Santoso, Indonesian Institute of Science

Heru Santoso discussed the importance of forests as compared to other land uses in controlling climate.

Using old satellite datasets (LandSat 1976 and 2001) selected based on availability of supporting data, he noted that there was an annual 5% loss in forest cover mainly as a result of conversion of forest to settlement.

Large gaps (up to 40% missing) in climate data was a challenge.

Feedback from local communities indicated that they were very aware on the link between climate and forest.

A disaster is often also a non-direct cause of ecosystem degradation, e.g. in the case of cyclones affecting forest areas; where ecosystems located outside a disaster-affected areas can be affected because of over-extraction of trees and building material needed for reconstruction in the neighbouring disaster affected area.

DAY 3

PRESENTATION



Ecosystem-based approaches towards reducing drought risks for small-scale farmers

Dr. Fabrice Renaud, UNU-EHS

Using systems set in place by WASCAL, the role of small dams in Burkina-Faso as a sustainable intervention to deal with multi-faceted drought risks was questioned.

This increased frequency of droughts in many areas of sub-Saharan Africa is affecting coping mechanisms already in place; especially in the face of expected tripling of populations by 2100.

Several examples of adaptation such as planting pits, contour bunding and organic agriculture were described.

To adapt, new mechanisms and adaptation strategies have to be found by and with communities in drought affected areas.

More work needs to be done by researchers in the area of Sustainable Land and Water Management in relation to DRR.

DAY 3

PRESENTATION



Ecosystem-based approaches and eco-technology to reduce risk of fish kills and ecosystem disaster in Lake Maninjau

Dr. Cynthia Henny, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Research center for Limnology

Weather variability (e.g. heavy rain, strong winds), following cool periods leads to lake overturn, this phenomena presented by Cynthia Henny and the consequent rise of anoxic and H2S saturated water, is a main factor for fish mortality in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia.

Fish deaths have severe impacts on the fish cage aquaculture with major losses to the fish farmers.

Water pollution and eutrophication caused in part by the fish farming activities (which are beyond the carrying capacity of the lake) has led to a marked drop in the local tourist industry.

Solutions include limiting the number of fish cages, use of floating wetlands as fish attracting devices and experiments with machinery to mix water are being planned.

DAY 3

PRESENTATION



Ecosystems and disasters: Resilience in a Changing Climate and the Eco-DRR Master’s course

News: in addition to already existing material a case study source book will become available soon. Workshop participants are invited to consider implementing the Eco-DRR graduate course in their university course programme.

Experience from Ghana: applying the course for post-graduate teaching

The MOOC project in development aims to reach many more interested people worldwide (1 million in the next 5 years); targeted audience consists not only of students, but also of policy makers and others interested in Eco-DRR. Visit www.themooc.org

Workshop participants were requested to help promote the MOOC worldwide.

PRESENTATION :

http://www.themooc.org/

Group Discussions (Part II)DAY 3

DAY 3

THEMATIC 1: ECONOMIC EVIDENCE

Ecosystem based approaches to DRR and CCA are often under-valued and under appreciated. This group discussed solutions to the issues of providing economic evidence to policy makers to support the decision making process for investment in ecosystem based disaster risk reduction.

In order to be practical and policy relevant, economic valuation needs to be targeted to answering specific decision-making issues.

DAY 3


Economic Valuation needs to start with: - Identifying stakeholders, including DRR and CCA managers and other decision makers that have an interest and impact in Eco-DRR- Identifying the strategic entry points in the decision making process to mainstream Eco-DRR .

DAY 3


Take home messages : One of the main challenges in economic valuation is quantification of the risk

reduction service provided by ecosystems, and the factors and causality of their variability

Effective economic analysis considers scenarios for decision making on both grey and green risk management and climate change options

There is a need to synthesize and share best practices. Some practical experiences of applying economic approaches to Eco-DRR are not in the

public domain Economic analyses need to go beyond valuation to also identify the incentives,

disincentives and finance that are required to implement and leverage eco DRR.

Group Reports DAY 3

THEMATIC 2: Decision support tools

Hazard Geogr. Region Tools/Methods

Landslide SE AsiaMekong Delta

…

Risk mappingLandslide modelling???

Flood … …

Drought … …

… … …

First step: brainstorming on tools and methods for Eco-DRR…How can we categorize?

Second step: Analysis based on our group knowledge

Ecosystem category I: Mountain forests, vegetation on hillsides

Ecosystem category II: Wetlands, riverine Ecosystems

Ecosystem category III: Coastal ecosystems (mangroves, saltmarshes, coral reefs, sand dunes)

Ecosystem category IV: Dryland ecosystems

Group Reports DAY 3


What is the difference betweenapproach, tool & method?

Help!!!! We need better terminology!!!

How to handle different type of tools(decision making, analyzing, management)

We need to differentiate!!!

Group Reports DAY 3


Types of available tools & methods

• General tools, such as (P)GIS• Specific tools for ecosystems environments,

such as guidelines for mangrove mangement

• Eco-DRR tools• EbA tools

• Decision making tools• Analyzing tools• Management tools

Management tools

Analyzing tools

Decision making

support tools /methods

Ecosystem catergory

Mountain forests, vegetation on hillsides

Wetlands, riverine Ecosystems

Coastal ecosystems (mangroves, coral reefs,

saltmarshes, sand dunes)

... ... ...

... ... ...

... … ...

Dryland ecosystems ... … ...

Group Reports DAY 3


How can the implementation of Eco-DRR/CCA be improved ?

Awareness rising with respect to Eco-DRR benefits

More evidence what is working / not working in Eco-DRR (better scientific basis); where is implementation efficient (prioritization)?

Better funding /financing for Eco-DRR / EbA project / programme implementation

Guidelines for Eco-DRR implementation (step-by-step)

Capacity development of policy makers and planners

Better linkages: Eco-DRR as a part of CCA (national) strategies / policies / schemes / programmes

Stronger focus of Eco-DRR in Hyogo Framework of Action

Include Eco-DRR/EbA in development plans (different levels)

Incentives for land owners to implement Eco-DRR

Involvement of private sector

Include Eco-DRR in legal frameworks (find entry points)

Involvement of communities / capacity building

Eco-DRR education / knowledge transfer

Group Reports DAY 3

THEMATIC 3: Policies and institutional arrangements

What does scaling up Eco-DRR/CCA mean to us? - Moving from projects to programmes- Concept becomes part of practice (norms, behaviour)- Concept becomes part of policies /legal frameworks- Multiple levels of governance- Integration of common priorities- Knowledge generation + sharing + mgmt- Advocacy

Group Reports DAY 3


Multiple levels of

governance

(multi stakeholders)

Policies

Investments

Programs/

PlansBudgeting

Knowledgesystems

Identified main areas for intervention withrespect to scaling up and institutionalizingEco-DRR/CCA

Policies heterogeneous governmental structure influencing the policy making process

Investments There is a limited awareness in the private sector

There is limited human capital

Elaborated protocols on eco-DRR limited or non-existent

Planning and programming There are competing policy and budgeting agendas

Budget for this type of work from international and national would be a challenge

Knowledge There is a diversity of languages and knowledge behind the concept

There is not a universal concept of ecoDRR/CCA, and a working group that could come up with a universal accepted term that policymakers can recognize is recommended

There is not a minute message about eco-DRR with specific audiences in mind to convey the right message

Specialists in eco-DRR are not common Group Reports DAY 3

THEMATIC 3: Policies and institutional arrangements Four key themes explored :

Group Reports DAY 3


Why do we need to scale up/institutionalize Eco-DRR/CCA?- Needs are growing- Can be cost-effective- More sustainable – provides multiple benefits with or

without disasters- Generally self-maintaining/ self-renewing- Can involve local communities- Science-based (includes local knowledge)- Multi-functional – can address more than 1 hazard

Group Reports DAY 3

THEMATIC 4 :

Four research priorities identified :

Research question 1The returns on structural interventions have reached the limit of their cost effectiveness. The EcoDRR approach can be a more sustainable option and have multiple benefits for the community.

To use the EcoDRR approach effectively, researchers need to understand:• The limits of EcoDRR under different circumstances and situations;• The potential of mixed structural and EcoDRR (hybrid) approaches;• The efficacy of native vs non-native species in EcoDRR

Group Reports DAY 3

THEMATIC 4 :

Research question 2

For EcoDRR to attract greater attention from policy makers, scientists need to upscale their knowledge to :• Generate more evidence that EcoDRR operates at different spatial and

temporal scales;• Provide decision support mechanisms for policy makers and researchers to work

together to prioritize attention at the appropriate government level (by identifying key drivers, timeframes, and points of entry)

Group Reports DAY 3

THEMATIC 4 :

Research question 3In order to be more proactive in dealing with disasters, we need to consider developing EcoDRR approaches in a wide range of contexts. The scale of a disaster will vary considerably depending on where and when it occurs. In order to develop effective protection of populations we need to build capacity and preparedness and embed these in communities and relevant institutions.

To do this, science needs to consider:• At what scale do measures need to be implemented to provide adequate protection

for communities • Can solutions developed at one scale be applied more generically to bigger areas (by

upscaling or replication)• What are the environmental and social conditions that are needed for EcoDSS to

work?

Group Reports DAY 3

THEMATIC 4 :

Research question 4To fully understand the needs of communities and ecosystems for protection against disasters, we need to work with practitioners and policy makers. To effectively address what is needed, the community must first define the nature of the disasters which are likely to occur, the local impacts they may have, and the potential for recovery.

Scientists need to:• Develop methods and tools by which recovery can be measured to provide

evidence that EcoDRR can provide an appropriate solution;• What robust measures of evaluation can be developed to demonstrate the validity

of EcoDRR approaches?

Panel DebateDAY 3

PANELIST:

Ms Syamsidar ThamrinClimate-Change BAPPENAS

Mr. Arif Wibowo, Head of Division for Climate Change Vulnerability, State Ministry for the Environment of Indonesia

Mr Yusak OppusungguUSAID

MODERATION:

Ms Imen Meliane

DAY 3

Science-Policy Debate: Challenges and solutions for mainstreaming Eco-DRR/EbA in development

Moderator: Are you considering ecosystem-based measures? How do you perceive added value?Ms Thamrin (BAPPENAS):• Right approach, but difficult to implement (a lot of coordination)• Lack of data and information on small scale; need for additional information on local level• Useful if scientific basis, but better with concrete recommendations• Effects of Eco-measures difficult to imagineMr Wibowo (State Ministry for the Environment of Indonesia):• Already national commitment in Indonesia, but need for how to make it happen• Need of scientific based information• How to accelerate mainstreaming?• Challenge of translating indicators into action• Often science far away from guiding policyMr Oppusunggu (USAID):• Current practice is focused more on disaster response• USAID considering a holistic programme including Eco-DRR/EbA

DAY 3

Moderator: How is the process of considering eco-measures? How important is CBA?Ms Thamrin (BAPPENAS):• Always linked to food supply, poverty reduction because better chance of being approvedMr Wibowo (State Ministry for the Environment of Indonesia):• Commitment should be implemented as soon as possible• Need of instruments how to choose options, how to prioritize with which indicators?• Need to centralize scattered information in Indonesia• How to mainstream in the local planning?Moderator: What is the impact of future urban development? Interaction with private sector?Ms Thamrin (BAPPENAS):• Need to evaluate if there is impact to transportation sector, what is the vulnerability?Mr Wibowo (State Ministry for the Environment of Indonesia):• First instrument is EIA• Up to now no linking to ecosystemsMr Oppusunggu (USAID):• Included only in the response to disaster• CocaCola involved in water source protection


DAY 3

How to deal with overexploration of natural resources (case of mining in Kalimantan)?Mr Oppusunggu (USAID):• Adressing livelihood priorities in presenting alternativesMs Thamrin (BAPPENAS):• Better regulation and law enforcementMr Wibowo (State Ministry for the Environment of Indonesia):• Need for indicators and EIA as guiding toolsNormally Eco-measures need long-term thinking. What kind of institutions needed?Ms Thamrin (BAPPENAS):• Stronger national guidelines neededWhat is the forum for science-policy integration in Indonesia? Or a desired one?

Mr Wibowo (State Ministry for the Environment of Indonesia):• Indonesian IPPCMs Thamrin (BAPPENAS):• Already a lot of fora, but not for CCA and DRR, but need to identify the right experts


Many Thanks to everybody !DAY 3

PANELIST:

And to the organizers too !DAY 3

Dr Fabrice Renaud – UNU

Dr Karen Sudmeier- Universityof Lausanne/UNEP

Marisol Estrella – UNEP

Dr Udo Nehren – Cologne University of Applied Sciences

Imen Meliane – The Nature Conservancy