Conservation of Rivers

ABHISHEIK ANGURAL 5

KIRAN SABRISH 28

PARTHA SARKAR 38

RONNIE DEORIE 46

SHUBHI J INDAL 51

AgendaWhy conserve rivers?Present scenarioCauses of river pollutionCommon Pool ResourcesStakeholder AnalysisProperty RightsSatluj river – A case studyCooum river – A case studyProposed solution

Why conserve rivers?Importance and uses:Source of food and waterPower, transportation and infrastructureAquatic life and other organismsHelp maintain the ecosystemRiver pollution and ecological consequences

Present scenarioUntreated sewage disposal and industrial effluentsSome steps taken by government, e.g, Ganga Action PlanWater Act, 1974; Water Cess Act, 1977Significance of informal regulation and role of community

Causes of river pollutionEver increasing sewage dumping and other human activitiesIneffectiveness of formal institutionsGaps in administration and implementation of planned processesLack of well defined property rights

Common Pool Resources Resource that benefit group of people

In case of self-interest benefit diminishes

It’s rivalry and Non-excludable in nature

Ex: Land, water, forests etc

River is a common pool resource

Ex: Ganga in case of Varanasi

Stakeholder AnalysisFisherman Manufacturing industries Government

Wildlife

Tourism IndustriesNearby Community Transportation Services

Marine life

Property Rights•Duty of government, both state and central

•Individual level tough but collective level easy

•Rights of water, nearby land, fishing

•Accountability for maintaining and cleaning river

•Dependably should be taken into consideration

•Animal’s right should also be considered

Satluj river- The case study What is it about?

How the Clean river Satluj gets toxic as it flows through Punjab?

1. Sutlej's waters, which enters punjab at Bhakra Nangal are rated 'A' class (pure) at Nangal headworks. At Nangal due to effluents from NFL, PNFC and Punjab Alkalies, its toxity level increases.

2. At kiratpur sahib, the addition of human ashes (crematory)

3. Ropar (due to effluents from the Ropar Thermal Plant, DCM, Swaraj Mazda and United Pulp and Paper Mills)

4. Its water become ‘E’ class at the confluence of Budha nullah in Ludhiana .

5. It again becomes D class at when it meets East Bein or Chitti Bein (Rivulets) in the doaba region ahead of Jalandar.

Budha nallah: How it affects satluj?

Budha Nullah flows into Satluj at Ludhiana, the total coliform concentration just upstream of the junction in the river is 500 per 100 millilitre of water However, after confluence of Budda Nullah with Satluj, the concentration of T coliform reaches a staggering 65,000 per 100 ML of water. Here the fecal coliform concentration also reaches 40,000 per 100 ML. Sources revealed that the high concentration of F coliform could be harmful even for the food chain if that water were to be used for irrigation of crops.

Satluj water being used for irrigation

Actions by Government Bodies1. Punjab water supply and Sewerage board

Installation, Upgradation, Operations and maintainance of STPs (STP Balloke 105 MLD, STP Bhattiyan 160 MLD, STP JamalPur 48 MLD). Also, Laying of sewer lines in remaining areas and connecting with the Sewerage treatment facilities/ But the facility required is

2. Department of Industries and commerceInstallation and commisioning of 3 CETP’s for dyeing clusters (CETP of capacity 15 MLD at Bahadake road)

3. Municipal corporation, LudhianaRemoval of MSW lying dumpled along the banks of Budha nallah and its transportation to the earmarked MSW disposal sites. Also, Removal of MSW lying under/ nearby various bridges crossing Budhah nalla

4. Deputy commisionar, LudhianaDiversion of sullage of villages

5. Department of ForestGreening of banks of Buddah nalla

Action of Govt.. Cont.6. Punjab Pollution control board Installation of Green villages

Cooum river – A case study

Then Now

Why this Case study?

• The most polluted river of India - report by Businessinsider.uk• Aquatic organisms can’t survive even if after diluting the water 10 times• Now “Cooum Crocodile” can be seen only in Museums• Perfect example Common Pool Resource(CPR)

How?

Cooum Pollution

Illegal Encroachment

Government bodies

Industries

• Formation of sandbars near the river mouth

• Discharge of nearly 55 million litres of untreated sewerage waste

• More than 7 tonnes of solid municipal waste dumped into rivers

• Illegal encroachment

Littoral Drift Property of sea water to move the sand along the coast, in this case the sand moved from south to north

• Sand Bar formation attributed to the construction of Chennai port in the year 1881

• Accumulation of sand along the south of harbour• Negative Externality• Problem haunting since 1900s• 11 different projects between 1904 - 2014, with an

estimated cost of nearly Rs10,000 crore with no improvement

• Impact on health of people

Possible solution National institute of Ocean Technology suggested a groyne(breakwater) as the solution for the formation of Sand Bars

Cooum eco-restoration project carried out by CRRT under CCRCP, as a part of this Parks are being built along the banks of the river to restore beauty

Current restoration project costs Rs3834 Crore

A well defined property rights

Strict action against industries/Firms which abuse river

Construction of fences

8 Principles of Managing Commons- Elinor Ostrom Define clear group boundaries. Match rules governing use of common goods to local needs and conditions. Ensure that those affected by the rules can participate in modifying the

rules. Make sure the rule-making rights of community members are respected by

outside authorities. Develop a system, carried out by community members, for monitoring

members’ behaviour.

ContinuedUse graduated sanctions for rule violators.Provide accessible, low-cost means for dispute resolution.Build responsibility for governing the common resource in nested tiers from the lowest level up to the entire interconnected system.

References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooum_Riverhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-Nadu-budget-Govt-allo

cates-Rs-3834-crore-for-Cooum-restoration/articleshow/30336705.cmshttp://www.chennairivers.gov.in/Cooum-Restoration/about_cooum_river.htmlhttp://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-environmental/articles/1220

16.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longshore_drifthttp://www.onthecommons.org/magazine/elinor-ostroms-8-principles-managing-commmons

References cont.. http://manuscript.sciknow.org/uploads/jecr/pub/jecr_1362336412.pdf

http://www.sikhnet.com/news/river-pollution-punjab-clean-plan

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/dte/userfiles/images/Annexure-R-2.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha_Nullah

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Clean-Satluj-gets-toxic-as-it-flows-through-Punjab-PPCB-report/articleshow/37421104.cms

http://www.sciknow.org/article/detail/id/229

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12968726

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