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Gree$ngs From the Paradigm Fence
Tuesday, January 13, 15
Karoo, South AfricaGrassland
WaterCarbon
Desert
WaterCarbon
Which side do you prefer?
Which side gets more rain?
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Holism
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Tuesday, January 13, 15
Tuesday, January 13, 15
35 -‐ 75 million
35 million 5 billion
Animal Con;nent
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The end of… soil
Buffalo Genocide
The beginning of…
deser(fica(on
Soil needs animals
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Livestock as a proxy for wild
herds
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Tuesday, January 13, 15
4 x
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2004
100% bare groundfor decades
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2005Tuesday, January 13, 15
2006Tuesday, January 13, 15
2013
Deep-‐rootedPerennials
Deep-‐rootedPerennials
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15
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Deep-‐rootedPerennials
Deep-‐rooted Perennials
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2014 Climax Perennial Grass(Panicum maximum)“Guinea grass”
Mid-‐succession Perennial Grass(Heteropogon contortus)“Spear grass”
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2014
<-‐-‐ mopani tree
<-‐-‐ mopani tree
mopani tree-‐-‐>
Restored Landscape WithClimax Perennial Grasses(Panicum maximum)
Panicum maximumseed head
Bare ground for decades
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19
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20
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2004
2013
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2006Tuesday, January 13, 15
2009Tuesday, January 13, 15
2013Tuesday, January 13, 15
2006
2013
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26
2014
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Google DigitalGlobe • GeoEye • Cnes / Spot
Image
New Surface Waterin Dry Season
1.5 Km / 10 m eleva;on gain
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Driving Upstream
Copyright © Seth Itzkan, 2012
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Tuesday, January 13, 15
New Surface Water in Dry Season
No more pumpsTuesday, January 13, 15
31
Coahuila, Mexico – 1963
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Coahuila, Mexico -‐ 2003
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Lebowa – 1970s
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34
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35
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36
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How Much Carbon is Captured?
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Grasslands – Largest EcosystemLove Carbon CO2CO2
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39
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25-‐50
50-‐75
75-‐100
100-‐150
150-‐200
150-‐200
>300
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Tropical savanna: 146 tC/ha Desert, semi-‐desert, scrubland: 83 tC/haDesert extreme: 26 tC/ha
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Grasslands, Tropical Savanna: 117 tC/ha Desert, Semi-‐desert: 42 tC/ha
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44
Global Sequestra;on Poten;alGlobal Sequestra$on Poten$al
88 to 210 Gt C40 to 100 ppm CO2
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How we think about the future
• Popula;on crashes• Mass migra;ons• Vast new deserts• Ci;es abandoned
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4°C Warmer World
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Geo-‐engineering to the Rescue!
§ Space Mirrors
§ Ar;ficial Trees
§ Reflec;ve Crops
§ Biochar
§ Ocean Fer;liza;on
§ Fores;ng
§ Aerosols
§ Cloud Seeding
§ Carbonate Addi;on
Do you feel be7er now?
Source: Earth’s Plan B, New Scien(st, 28 Feb. 2009, p8
“Earth’s Plan B”
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How we could think about the future
• Climate Stabiliza;on• Vast new grasslands• Water tables replenished• Sustainable economies
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49
Tuesday, January 13, 15