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Timothy M. [email protected] M. Schnorr
Food, Sensors, Startups - The Road Ahead From a MIT perspective
SENSE
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Sensing for Food and Agriculture
Smart supply chains for fresher produce and less waste
Smart refrigerators to alert users as contents ripen or pass peak
Soil monitoring to improve crop yields and optimize fertilizer use
Smart containers for food quality determination and monitoring
CO2 detection for plant respiration monitoring
Retail inventory management for dynamic pricing
Connected device revenues are growing at 8% per year through 20201, with 212 billion connected devices by 2020
“Worldwide Internet of Things (IoT) 2013–2020 Forecast: Billions of Things, Trillions of Dollars” IDC, October 2013
Ripeness monitoring to determine optimum time of harvest, shipment, use
Plant health monitoring for better crop and harvest management
Spoilage detection in meat and dairy products
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Importance of Gases in Food/AgEthylene:• Given off by produce during ripening
(15+ climacteric fruits, e.g. avocado, banana, apple, mango)
• Induces ripening (35+ fruits, vegetables, and flowers respond to ethylene)
• Indicator of plant health (can be combined with measurement of other gases)
Amines:• Indicator of meat/fish spoilageAmmonia:• Soil nutrient level monitoring
Ethylene emission increases close to peak ripeness
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Unique Technology: Chemiresistive Sensing
array of 13 sensors on 1”x3” glass slide arrays of 4 and 16 sensors on plastic sheets
• Plug and play integration: variable resistor read-out• Array-capable: 80+ analytes demonstrated at C2Sense and MIT
(incl. ammonia, ketones, VOCs), different sensors can be combined on 1 chip
• Miniature: 1-2 mm2 per sensor element• Low cost: replaceable sensor chips can be inexpensive enough to
be disposable• Disposable: paper, plastic, or glass substrates• Simple fabrication: screen-printing, inkjet-printing, drop-casting
SENSE
Relative response of [Cu]-SWNT devices to 100 g of fruit relative to the response to 20 ppm ethylene.
Detection of Ethylene Emissions from Fruit
Formation
• Reactions catalyzed by microbial enzymes:– Decarboxylation of amino
acids– (Trans)amination of
ketones and aldehydes
Examples
Biogenic Amines in Meat Spoilage
Naila, A.; Flint, S.; Fletcher, G.; Bremer, P.; Meerdink, G. J. Food Sci. 2010, 75, R139–R150.Karovičová, J.; Kohajdová, Z. Chem. Pap. 2005, 59, 70–79.
Detection of Biogenic Amines
Putrescine (3 ppm) Cadaverine (3 ppm)
30s Exposures Sophie Liu
Monitoring Raw Meat Spoilage
0.0%
0.2%
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%
0 1 2 3 4-∆
G/G
0
Time (days)
Chicken (rt)Cod (rt)Pork (rt)Salmon (rt)Chicken (4 °C)Cod (4 °C)Pork (4 °C)Salmon (4 °C)
Pork(4 days, rt)
Flow Past 1 cm3 Samples
Response After the 60s Recovery
Sophie Liu
Near Field Communication (NFC) is Becoming Ubiquitous
!
• Non-line-of-sight.• Orientation
insensitive.
• Smartphone electromagnetically couples to tag• Passive tag – powered by the phone.• Data transfer:13.56 MHz RF signal backscatter
modulation.• Does not require training to use. Joe Azzarelli
Smartphone Sensing: Passive Devices Enabled by Ultra-Low Power Requirements
DisruptCircuitStep 1
DrawSensorStep 2
readable
unreadable
dynamic
R C L
R C L
R C L
Energy + Initialization Data
Tag Data
!! = ! !!!!!" !−
!!
!
Joe Azzarelli, Kat Mirica
Smart Packaging
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Opportunities for Chemiresistive SensingBeyond Food & Ag, many industries can benefit from this technologyt
IndustrialOil & Gas EHS Security and National Defense
Water Management Chemicals
• Process Control
• Worker Safety
• Methane• Hydro-
carbons for pipe integrity
• Sulfides for mining and hydro-fracking
• TSA and DHS
• Critical site monitoring (public transit, utilities)
• Event monitoring
• Known toxins (Benzene)
• Construction mgt.
• Industrial • Environ-
mental remediation
• Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
• Equipment Integration
• Conditional Monitoring
• OSHA
• Sulfides for waste-water
• Sulfur Dioxide
• Paper and pulp
• Pharma-ceuticals
