Estrella Flores – Catarata

Executive Director

Philippine Network of Food Security Programmes Inc.

Presentation Outline A. The Philippine Context – An

Agricultural Country

B. Government Laws and Programs that Paved the way for Land Expropriation – Mining and Land Use Conversion

C. Notable Cases of Land Grabbing and Mining For What and By Whom ?

D. How the Filipino Farmers and CSO’s Responded?

Case Stories: Towards Pro People Mining Bill; Against the Intrusion of Palm Oil in Bohol; SRFA Land Struggle in Aloguinsan, Cebu; the Hacienda Luisita Farmworkers’ Crusade; Defending the Food Basket versus Biofuels Conversion in Isabela

Land Profile in the Philippines 30 Million hectares = total land area

In 1991, 14.1 million hectares are agricultural lands

In 2012, 13,088 million hectares are agricultural lands

In 21 years, 1.012 million hectares of agricultural lands lost

Average of 48,190 has/year lost

According to BAS, since 1991 a yearly decrease of 27,000 hectares of agricultural lands due to land use conversion

Major Agricultural Crops in the Philippines (NSCB data)

2,910,877 6. Other Crops

58,000 5. Mango

395,700 4. Sugarcane

3,005,800 3. Corn

3,651,015 2. Rice

3,066,700 1. Coconut

Hectares (Million) of Agricultural

Lands

Crops

Importance of Farmers/Agriculture to Philippine Economy

Agriculture is the backbone of Philippine

economy - main generator of employment -

majority of the labor force (more than 60%

from the NSO data) are farmers /farm workers

Small farmers comprise 70% of the Philippine

population with an average farm size of .2 to

.5 hectare

7 out of 10 farmers do not own the land they

cultivate. The remaining 3 who own their land

are not secure if they can continue farming

Landowners also resorted to legal maneuvers

and militarization to harass farmers to give up

their lands

THE CURRENT STATE OF PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE

• Chemical farming is prevalent among most of the farmers

due to Green revolution since 1970’s and is depleting the

fertility of the soil

• AgroChemical Transnational Corp. Introduced GMO’s – Bt.

Corn, Bt eggplant and Golden Rice

• Farm inputs are overpriced and controlled by big

corporations and big local traders

• Farm products are underpriced – farmers are not the ones

setting the price of their produce

• Lack of government support

Current State of the Philippine Agriculture

Land Ownership Monopoly and Landlessness among farmers

1/3 of landlords in the country owns 80% of agricultural lands

Of the agricultural areas nationwide about 51% is under tenancy, lease or

other forms of tenurial arrangements

In the beginning of CARP, DAR targeted 10.3 million hectares for

distribution. But, 26 years after CARP and 41 years after PD 27, vast tracts

of land remain intact. Only 1.9 million hectares were covered (by PD 27 and

CARP), of these 82% are still contested and/or not actually distributed or

reversed.

If there are poor farmers who have managed to stay on the land to farm,

that is due to their collective and empowered assertions of their rights -

resulting from development work efforts

Table 2: Distribution of Land Ownership

Farm Size (in hectares)

Number of Owners Overall Percentage (%)

Land Size (in hectares)

Overall Percentage (%)

50.1 or more 9,466 0.45 1,854,179 20.79

24.1 – 50 20,353 0.99 654,828 7.34

15.1 – 24 48,376 2.35 912,790 10.24

12.1 – 15 33,929 1.64 454,953 5.10

7.1 – 12 158,879 7.70 1,451,412 16.28

3.1 – 7 414,209 20.08 1,934,289 21.68

3 or less 1,377,508 66.78 1,655,550 18.56

Total 2,062,720 100.00 8,918,011 100.00

Source: KMP, 2006

Hacienda / Land Lord Hectares Place

Danding Cojuangco Jr. 30,000 Negros, Isabela, Cagayan, Davao del Sur, Cotabato, Palawan

Hacienda San Antonio and Hacienda Sta. Isabel (Danding Cojuangco Jr.,

Faustino Dy, Juan Ponce Enrile)

13,085 Ilagan, Isabela

Nestle Farms 10,000 (as of now) 160,000 is their target Isabela, Cagayan, Compostela Valley, Agusan Sur

Floreindo Family

(TADECO)

11,048 (including Davao Penal Colony) Davao del Norte

Almagro Family 10,000 Dalaguete, Cebu

Dimaporo Family 10,000 Lanao

Hacienda de Santos 9,700 Nueva Ecija

Hacienda Banilad and Hacienda Palico (Roxas Family) 8,500 Batangas

Canlubang Sugar Estate

(Yulo Family)

7,100 Laguna

Luisa vda de Tinio 7,000 Nueva Ecija

Hacienda Luisita

(Cojuangco Family)

6,000 Tarlac

Escudero Family 4,000 Southern Tagalog

Andres Guanzon 2,945 Pampanga

Reyes Family 2,257 Southern Tagalog

Sanggalang Family 1,600 Southern Tagalog

Uy Family 1,500 Southern Tagalog

Palmares and Co. Inc 1,027 Iloilo

Table 3. Partial list of Haciendas in the country (size in hectares and place)

Source: KMP (Peasant Movement in the Philippines) Research 2005

Land Grabbing, defined….

“It's not necessarily a problem when wealthy companies invest in agricultural

land in poor countries for commercial use. But when families are kicked off the

land or less food is grown as a result, that's a very big problem indeed.” Oxfam

International

“Land grabbing' occurs when local communities and individuals lose access to land

that they previously used, threatening their livelihoods. This land is acquired by

outside private investors, companies, governments, and national elites.

Communities and individuals can be poorly informed of the consequences, with

little rights to stop the land acquisition. The land is then typically used for

commodity crops, including agrofuels, sold on the overseas market.” (Friends of the

Earth Europe )

Land Grabbing as experienced by Filipino farmers

is …… “The taking away of the lands cultivated by small

farmers and the communities, often facilitated by the

“government” either legally or “illegally” to be

converted into commercial, industrial, tourism, mega

dams, agribusiness or large scale - mining uses by

the foreign companies and/or big business, without the

benefit of fair compensation and proper relocation,

and employing deception and harassment and at

worst, extra judicial killings against the poor farmers

and human rights defenders …..”

1. CARP RA 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) - its loopholes

From 1988 to end of June 1995 , (7) years after CARP, approximately 33,707 hectares of agricultural lands converted to other uses.

17,348 hectares or more than 50% of the

agricultural land issued a conversion order were exempted from CARP by virtue of DOJ 44.

How did government laws and programs paved the way for

rampant conversion of agricultural lands and land grabbing?

Section 3 (c) provides: Agricultural Land refers to land devoted to agricultural activity as defined in this Act and not classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land.

How did CARP define ‘agricultural land’?

• Classification or reclassification of lands is subject to the authority of LGU’s

under section 20 of the Local Government Code.

• Some lands have already been classified or reclassified prior to the the RA

6657 either by LGU or other government entities.

• Agricultural lands should be defined according to

actual use and not according to what they were

declared to be by a government entity.

Implication of the definition:

Section 8 of RA 6657 legalized and allowed (MNCs) to maintain their control and operation of vast tracts of agricultural lands through lease, management, grower or service contracts for a period not exceeding twenty-five years, renewable for not more than twenty-five years.

As a result of this provision, lands leased to foreign corporations like Dole and Del Monte remained untouched. They keep 220,000 hectares of agricultural lands devoted to production of export crops - opted to be covered by the non-land transfer schemes of CARP.

Non-Land Transfer Schemes Under CARP

Farmers-beneficiaries not be able to exercise right of ownership over the land - the corporation retains ownership.

Management manipulate the income and loss statement to make it appear that the business is losing.

Famers thrown into a world totally alien to them - Corporation laws? Board of Directors?

Representation ? Etc?

Farmers still under the control of the landowners and no freedom to cultivate and develop the lands according to indigenous own methods or practice.

Relations governed by contractual stipulations, security of tenure easily negated and easily end up losing the land by simple expedient claim by the landlord of violation of the terms and conditions

How did non-land transfer scheme

affected the farmers

Section 31 of RA 6657 provided for the Stock Distribution Option (SDO) as alternative to actual land distribution.

Instead of land, farmers were given shares of stock and became co-owners with the landlord of the stock corporation.

Farmers’ capital is the land but they surrender the control and ownership of the land to the corporation.

The more than 6000 – hectare hacienda Luisita in Tarlac -

The Stock Distribution Option

• In conjunction with section 20 of the Local Government Code and the case of Province of Camarines Sur vs. Court of Appeals, 222 SCRA 173 (1993), local government units have power to reclassify lands and adopt zoning plans or ordinances. This provision of LGC and section 65 being availed of by landowners to exempt land from CARP coverage.

• Landowners easily “influence” a Sanguinang Bayan to adopt a zoning ordinance to suit their needs. After a zoning ordinance is adopted, they petition DAR to exempt their landholdings from CARP coverage. Eventually, they apply for conversion.

Section 20 of the Local Government Code

• DOJ 44 is an opinion by then DOJ Secretary Drilon in 1990 that lands already reclassified into residential, industrial or commercial use or purpose prior to June 15, 1988 are not covered by CARP. In which case, landowners no longer need any conversion clearance from DAR to convert the same into non-agricultural uses. The DOJ based its opinion on the definition of agricultural land under CARP

• In 1993, the Supreme Court upheld the opinion and on that basis,

thousands of hectares were exempted from CARP. The case is “Natalia Realty vs. DAR 225 SCRA 278”

• The DOJ Opinion paved the way for rampant land use conversion.

What is DOJ 44?

Based on September 2007 DAR report:

No. of cancelled EPs – 5,049

No. of Cancelled CLOAs – 103,092

Hectares of lands involved – 204,579

The data do not include pending cases for cancellation of EP and CLOAs before the DAR

According to IBON Foundation, by the middle of 2004, more than 20,000 EPs and CLOAs, covering 380,000 hectares of land were cancelled.

No. of cancelled CLOA’s for CARP and EP’s for PD 27

Gov’t Laws ...

2. Mining Act of 1995 - Republic Act 7942 – the

liberalization of the Philippine Mining Industry to

foreign investors

“The government's current mining

program is hinged on the extraction

and export of Philippine minerals to

foreign markets…….

…….where investors straddle the rush

to cash in on volatile and speculative

metals markets and the lucrative sell-

out of mineral ores.

…. failed to create significant gains

on domestic employment and

development and devastated

ecosystems which are the lifeblood of

the nation's agriculture and fisheries-

dependent communities.”

Center for Environmental Concerns (CEC)

MINING COMPANIES IN

CARAGA – Region XIII

10 of the 22 Operating

Mining Expansion Projects

are in the Caraga Region

Government laws …. 3. Bio-fuels Act of 2006 – RA 9367

to develop local bio-fuels from sugarcane, jathropa, cassava, (dwarf) coconut and hybrid corn

Targeting 10 plants (Quezon City, San Carlos City (Neg Occ), Tamlang Valley (Negros Oriental) and expanding in Cebu, Bohol, Mindanao and Batangas

Photo: Sugar Regulatory Administration

Kumpanya Operasyon

Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia) Ethanol plant sa Mindanao ($300 M, bahagi)

Bronzeoak Phils. (UK) Operasyon ng ethanol plant sa Negros Occ.

Marubeni (Japan) Exploratory, proyektong pang-ethanol

Toyo Engineering (Japan) Coco-diesel production [hanggang P1 M/ektarya]

Chemrez Technologies Eksporter ng coco-diesel sa Europa (15.6 M L per year)

BUSCO Ethanol production (feasibility stage)

Tamlang Valley Agri. Dev. Corp. Ethanol production

Senbel Fine Chemicals Co. Inc. Coco-diesel plant facilities sa Lucena City

Romtron Coco-diesel plant (1,000 L per day)

Atson Coco Inc. Coco-diesel plant (600,000 L per day)

D1 Oils - BP (UK) Jatropha production

National Resources Grp. (UK) Jatropha production, biofuels refineries ($1.3 B)

Cosmo Oil (Japan) Biodiesel & bioethanol plants ($150 M)

Tinipon ng IBON Research

Inisyal na listahan ng mga kumpanya ng biofuels sa Pilipinas

Gov’t Laws…. 4. RA 7652 – Investors Lease Act

“It is hereby declared the policy of the State to

encourage foreign investments consistent with the

constitutional mandate to conserve and develop our

own patrimony. Towards this end, the State hereby

adopts a flexible and dynamic policy of the granting

of long-term lease on private lands to foreign

investors for the establishment of industrial estates,

factories, assembly or processing plants, agro-

industrial enterprises, land development for

industrial, or commercial use, tourism, and other

similar priority productive endeavors.”

Government Laws and Programs…..

5. Medium Term Philippine Development Plan/ Medium Term Agricultural

Development Plan - 2 million hectare of Agricultural Lands are for agri-

business

In the Philippines – oil palm plantation began

in late 60’s. The first in the country was

established by Menzi and Co. in Basilan. The

biggest was established in Agusan del Sur

owned by NDC and Guthrie of Malaysia. In

Mindanao – 304,350 hectares are eyed for oil

palm as identified by Southern Philippines

Development Authority.

Current total Oil Palm Plantation

in Philippines: 46,000 hectares

where the largest 53% is in

Region 13; (Agusan Province) 27%

in Region 12 (Cotabato and

Bukidnon) and 16% in Region 7

(Bohol)

Target Areas for Oil Palm Plantation *Jagna, Garcia Hernandez and Calape were added to the list .

*The original 11 municipalities has a total land area of 123,432 hectares wherein

PALM Inc. identified 45,000 hectares as potential plantation area.

Source: Bohol Agriculture Office

Gov’t Laws and Policies… 6. “No Build Zone Policy - No Dwelling Zone Policy – in Yolanda Affected Areas - PD 1027 based on Water Code of

1977 ---------- affected areas will be 97 kilometers in the coastal barangays of Leyte; 57 km in Samar and 997

kilometers in Eastern Samar

Total Hectarage of Lands Affected by Foreign Land

Grabbing Deals and Those Covered for Mining

Operations:

As of June 2012, estimated total of 1,750,000 hectares are

included in foreign land grabbing deals

Under the MTPDP program , 2 million hectares of agricultural lands are for agri-business

As of March 2013, government approved 1,042,531 hectares for MPSA

(Mineral Production Sharing Agreement), EP (Exploration Permits), FTAA (Financial and Technical Assistance

Agreement) and Quarrying which is already 3% of the country’s

total land area (www.cecphils.org )

In its 2002 report, the NSO cited that 827,892 hectares of agricultural land have been converted to other uses.

107,000 hectares of Irrigated rice lands have already been converted and lost according to NIA (National Irrigation Adminsitration)

In 2005, record of the Kalipunan ng Samahang Magbubukid sa Timog Katagalugan (KASAMA-TK) shows that in Southern Tagalog region alone, a total of 129,467 hectares of land were already converted into commercial and industrial zones displacing over 100,000 peasants. And there are still pending applications for conversion of 1.3 M hectares in this region alone.

Meanwhile, record of Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP) shows that in Cagayan Valley region, around 442,648 hectares of land were already covered by land-use conversions orders.

Land conversion, according to a source from DAR, is the “easiest way of circumventing the law.”

Note: Please refer to Annex – tabulation of Land Grabbing

Land Use Conversion is the name of the game

Public Participatory Responses – Specific Cases

1. The Struggle Against Large Scale Destructive Mining Operations

Public Clamor against Mining = Civil society advocacy campaigns, researches, legal and legislative engagements to question the constitutionality of the law, local government mining moratoriums, grassroots and community struggles, direct action, and even armed resistance to the entry and operations of mining firms.

Ban on open pit mining in South Cotabato – IP communities, CSO’s with support of the churches defended themselves against Tampakan copper – gold mining of SMI. Former Gov of South Cot stood against, Provincial Board enacted environmental code forbidding open pit mining . Result = Zijin Mining - a Chinese state owned enterprise which initially wanted to buy shares did not invest, Indophil stock lost (M. Reckordt and L. Breininger) and they withdrew from Xstrata

The Boac River disaster in Marinduque, Romblon with Placer Dome, Marcopper Mining Company

Province of Albay (Luzon) enacted a ban on all future mining after the case of Lafayette disaster in Rapu-rapu

Province of Zamboanga del Norte - local level discussion on ban of open pit mining - stemmed from water pollution and destruction of agricultural lands

Provinces of Batangas, Romblon, Mindoro Oriental and Western Samar – declared moratoriums

Public Participatory response – the

struggle against mining…. Formulation of legislative proposals to RA 7942 = Advocacy for New legislation started in 2005 =

the People's Mining Policy framework containing five major principles was drafted through

nationwide consultations.

Advocates and legislators have started to file bills reflecting this vision. Back in the 14th Congress in

2007 - 2010, HB 1973 (An Act Repealing RA 7942) was filed by Bayan Muna while HB 6342

(Alternative Mining Bill) was filed in 2009 by then Cong. Tanada. These were lodged in the

Committee on Environment and Natural Resources then under the chairmanship of Rep. Ignacio

Arroyo, but remained undeliberated upon until now.

More than 2 decades since large scale foreign mining companies entered the Philippines, the

promise of alleviating the economy never happened. In terms of GDP, it only contributed less

than 2% . Secondly, as to employment, it is even less than 4% - who are even underpaid

workers. Human rights violations and the devastation of environment and destruction of farming

and fishing - cases of fish kills - - in the case of Placerdome in Marinduque, they even did not

realize their promise to compensate for whatever damage they have caused to the environment

and community

2. SRFA Farmers Thwarted Land Grabbing of

their 168 farms in Aloguinsan, Cebu

111 families cultivated the 168 has prime agricultural areas in Bonbon,

Aloguinsan, Cebu which were passed to them by their forefathers since

1910’s.

Gantuangco’s claimed ownership to the land and treated them as tenants,

oppressed them until farmers formed SRFA.

In mid 90’s, they learned that the 168 hectare land is actually classified as

“public land” and Gantuangco’s have no legal claim of ownership

SRFA collectively developed their farms and led in putting up and managing

communal sustainable agriculture farms, water projects and other

community projects responding to their needs

Since 2010 until August 2011, Gantunagco started to harass and eject them

using armed security guards and police and the Regional Trial Court but SRFA

succeeded in stopping them

In August 29, 2011 – Gantuangco’s sent 300 police and hired armed goons. 39

farmers who resisted the fencing of the land were arrested and detained – the

charges were resisting arrest and assault against authorities. They were

detained for 6 days until FARDEC bailed them out of prison.

On September 6, they reclaimed again the 168 – hectare land and continued

cultivating the land even with 8 “criminal cases” faced by them in court

Public Participatory Response:

3. People’s Land Reform in Hacienda Luisita, Tarlac

cultivation started in 2006, about 2,000 has. have been made productive in 10 villages comprising the hacienda. Of the 2,000 has., about 700 has. have been planted to rice and some 60 has. planted to vegetables. More than 1,000 families are now tilling an average of two to 2 ½ has. This victory is a result of the agricultural workers struggle.

In April 2012, the SC decided to finally distribute lands to its tillers paying half a billion to the Cojuangcos – Aquino family

As of latest however, despite the NOC from DAR issued in Dec 2013, TADECO fenced the farmers within barangays balete, bulldozed the rice and vegetable farms in barangay cutcut and the armed guards and police kept on harassing them to vacate the lands that they have cultivated into rice farms ….. But, farmers are still holding on despite such a difficult situation coz they have nowhere else to go and to survive……

Public Participatory Response ….. 4. Against the Intrusion of Palm Oil in Bohol PALM Inc owned by Malaysian Coy wanted to convert 45000 hectares of lands in Bohol island into an Oil Palm Plantation

Provincial farmers federation HUMABOL opposed to this for its threat of land grabbing and food insecurity since Bohol is the rice granary in Central Visayas

PNFSP member – FARDEC led in the conduct of research regarding the impact of a Palm Oil Industry including the environmental pollution of water table especially because the quality of soil in Bohol is mainly karst

All NGO’s in Bohol or the entire CSO’s are also united to stop the project including the Roman Catholic Church – it includes in its Sunday homilies

Mass mobilizations – dialogs and rallies were done by farmers federation including its strong opposition in stopping the putting up of nursery of Oil Palm seedlings in Trinidad, Bohol

This resulted to: INSTEAD OF 45,000 HECTARES, ONLY 6000 HECTARES WERE MATERIALIZED FOR THE PALM OIL PLANTATION in Bohol. The nursery which they put up in Ubay Stock Farm was forcibly closed upon the lobby and demand of the farmers organization NAUMA and other residents who could not agree that their source of water will be contaminated by the chemical fertilizers and pesticides intensively used in palm oil plantations

As of latest, even some of those farmers who were deceived to plant oil palm with a promise of “prosperity” now experienced and realized how they were at a loss – oil palm fruits – oil palm fruits could not be bought at the promised price by PALM Inc. And these were left rotten in the fields with these farmers turned contract growers tied to debts and their CLOA’s already used as “collateral” to the banks to where they incurred their loans – for the cost of seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides when they started to plant Oil Palm…..

So now, these farmers are reaching out to HUMABOL and FARDEC for help in demanding for a rightful price of their oil palm fruits…………

1

Public Participatory Response ….. 5. Defending the Food Basket versus

Bio-fuels Project in San Mariano,

Isabela

Green Futures Innovations owned by Japanese and Filipino planned to convert 11000 has of land in San Mariano, Isabela to be planted with jathropa for biofuels.

Isabela is one of the main food basket in the country where rice and corn are grown especially traditional varieties. In fact, farmers organizations especially in San Mariano are starting their efforts of sustainable agriculture and propagating traditional rice and corn seed varieties.

San Mariano, Isabela has a 146,950 hectares with a population of 44,718 where ---- belong to IP called Agta

Then in 2008, came the threat of land grabbing and displacement due to this Biofuels Project of the Green Futures Innovations

An International Fact Finding Mission which includes Friends of the Earth Japan was organized to delve into the issues

Series of international lobby work especially in Japan and mass protest at our national and local governments were done. FOE Japan was really a big help in the international lobby

As a result, the bio-fuels project was moved out from San Mariano to another area, the expansion is delayed.

According to the UN Energy:

“The benefits to farmers are not assured. [Growing biofuel crops] can be especially harmful to farmers who do not own their land... At their worst, biofuel programmes can also result in a concentration of ownership that could drive the world's poorest farmers off their land and into deeper poverty”

Whatever happened to the MDG target of halving

the population in extreme poverty and hunger?

Number of

Hungry Year

2000

June 2013

Families 2.5 million 4.9 million

Population 15 million 30 million

Land Grabbing/Land Use Conversion is one of the most serious threat to Food Security in

our country ……..

net importer of rice, the biggest rice importer in

the world even if we are an agricultural country -

1.8 Million MT in 2008, targeting 1.4 Million MT

this 2014

Before Green Revolution, we have 4,419

traditional rice varieties - climate resilient and

grow without chemical fertilizers/pesticides

Rice price is so high aggravated by land use

conversion

As of June 2013, 4.9 million Filipino

families are experiencing hunger which means

not less than 30 Million of the population

(pre Yolanda)

Food Security according to

FAO and adopted by PNFSP Physical and economic access of all

people at all times to sufficient,

safe and nutritious food to lead a

healthy and active life

Major Preconditions:

1. Availability of sufficient food

2. Stability of food supply

3. Accessibility of food

4. Fair and equitable distribution of

food and resources

5. Quality of Food and nutrition

1. boosting local food production thru Genuine Land

Reform and sustainable agriculture practices

2. preserve lands for staple crops production instead of

encouraging land use conversion and crop conversion;

3. Repeal unjust laws, programs and policies - Mining

Act of 1995, Investors Lease Act, MTPDP/MTADP,

Bio-fuels Act of 2006, etc.

4. Enact and enforced good laws - 1987 Constitution

and Bill of Rights, Organic Agriculture Act, Genuine

Agrarian Reform Bill, Magna Carta of Small Farmers,

Moratorium on Land Use Conversion, Climate

Change Act, Clean Air Act, Renewable Energy Law,

etc.

Alternatives to Food Insecurity and

Mitigating Impact of Climate Change

We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors…., We are just borrowing it from the Next Generation….Nang Citas Tecson , a woman farmer from

Aloguinsan,

Cebu who almost lost her land to a land

grabber

Thanks…!!!

Annex: Cases of Land Grabbing and

Land Use Conversion in the Philippines

Notable Cases of land grabbing and farmers ejectment in the Philippines

Farm Size in

Hectares

Location Effects to Farmers Corporations/Landown

ers Involved/purpose

8650 hectares Hacienda Looc, Nasugbo,

Batangas

Declared as “tourism” zones and CLOA’s issued to

farmers were cancelled

400 hectares Aplaya Laiya, Batangas CLOA’s were also cancelled and farmers evicted Tourism Development Area

3,800 hectares CMU, Bukidnon 800 farming HH threatened to be displaced Leased to Local and foreign

agri business

96 has Hacienda Francisco

Pule

Alaminos, Laguna These parcels of land were placed under notice of coverage for several times. However, the landowner and developer lobbied with the Municipality for the adoption of a resolution reclassifying the land for commercial and industrial use. On the basis of the resolution, DAR exempted the land from coverage and granted conversion order. Farmers were forcibly evicted from the lands.

348 has Hacienda Jose

Pule

Sto. Tomas, Batangas

311 hectares San Jose del Monte,

Bulacan

Araneta Lands - Mar Roxas

family

400 has Rodriguez, Rizal Montalban Resources Trading

Inc.

76 has Rodriguez, Rizal New San Jose Builders inc.

Notable Cases of land grabbing and farmers ejectment in the Philippines

Farm Size in

Hectares

Location Effects on Farmers and Fisherfolks Corporations/Landown

ers Involved

70,000 Fort Magsaysay Nueva Ecija, Central Luzon Military Reservation

33,000 Tumandok area Panay region Military Reservation

11,000 San Mariano. Isabela For bio-ethanol production

35,000 South Cotabato Dole Philippines

6,458 Hacienda Luisita Barangays Balete and Cutcut in

Tarlac

TADECO (Tarlac Development

Corporation) owned by

Cojuangco family

2,000 Hacienda

Dolores

Porac, Pampangga Ayala

11,000 Hacienda Zobel Calatagan, Batangas

14,722 hectares Laoag, Bacarra and Paoay in

Ilocos Norte

Sta Lucia, Sta Catalina Vigan

and Caoayan in Ilocos Sur

Dagupan and San Fabian in

Pangasinan

Colossal Mining Corporation

for Magnetite and black sand

mining

13,483 hectares of

coastline

Cagayan Valley region Less fish catch of two to three fishes in a day

documented in Bisagu, Aparri, Cagayan

Mine wastes dumped in the farms

Soil sank, sea water enters the agricultural lands

and residential areas

Colossal Mining for Magnetite

extraction

Prominent Land Grabbing/Land Use Conversion Cases Farm Size in Hectares Location Effects to

Farmers/Fishers

Companies/Landowners

Involved

5000 hectares conversion

to sugarcane for

bioethanol

Neg Occidental Bronzeoak Ltd.

7,000 Kiblawan, Davao del Sur

and Tampakan, South

Cotabato

870 families directly

displaced and 7,241

farmers who depend on

irrigated farm lands

Xtrata Public Limited

Company, Sagitarius Mines

Inc and Tampakan Group

of Companies

400 hectares Salawag, Dasma, Cavite APEX and Pilar Dev’t Corporation

6000 Hacienda Aragoncillo Talisay, Laurel, Batangas 100 farming HH affected

217.6 hectares Silang and Dasmarinas, Cavite 30 farming HH

90 hectares Malolos and Calumpit, Bulacan Sta Lucia Realty Development

Corp.

232 hectares irrigated land Silang, Cavite Now converted into Cavite

Industrial estate

Marubeni Corp of Japan/National

Development Corporation

Notable Cases of Land Grabbing/Land use conversion…….

Farm Size in hectares Location Effects to

Farmers/Fis

hers

Corporations/

Landowners/Purpose

12,000 hectares Cagayan Province and

Aurora

CEZO (Cagayan Economic Zone) -

Juan Ponce Enrile /APECO (Aurora

Pacific Economic Zone and Freeport)

- Edgardo Angara

1,000 plus hectares Leyte Coastal areas Magnetite mining

19,000 hectares

Lingayen Gulf

Pangasinan, La Union,

Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte

Magnetite/black sand mining

58.5 Maghaway and Lawaan,

Talisay and Minglanilla,

Cebu

Camella Homes

2,640 Foreshore areas of

Cordova and Mactan Is. ,

Cebu

Cordova Reclamation and

Development Project

29 hectares Guimbawian,

Pinamungajan, Cebu

Sato Batanagol

Province Landowner/

Developer/

Project

Purpose/Converted

Into What?

Location Area

(ha)

Date Reported/

Documented

Cebu Sanremo Project Anapog & Bancasan,

San Remegio

150 6 Dec. 1993

Aboitiz & Co., Japanese

and British

Metal Casting, Ship

Building, Ship breaking

industry

Buanoy & Arpili,

Balamban

250 23 Dec. 1993

Hda. Luisa, Inc. Cayang, Bogo 118.1153 6 Dec. 1993

Japan Air Resort Inc./

Matias Aznar

Tourism Monte Alegre, San

Francisco, Camotes

1,000+ 25 Nov. 1993

Club Barili (Jesus Garcia

Sr., Pedro Lozada,

Porferia Ricablanca)

Tourism, golf course Bagakay & Nasipit,

Barili

167 23 Jan. 1994

San Lorenzo Dev’t. Corp. Brgy. Bagalnga &

Sandayong at

Compostela and Danao

boundary

260 1996

Province Landowner/

Developer/

Project

Purpose/Converted

Into What?

Location Area

(ha)

Date Reported/

Documented

Aznar Bros Inc./ Sta

Lucia Realty

Developers Corp.

First Class Housing Subdivision and

International Golf Course

Pardo, Cebu City 120 1991

PLDT Transmitter San Francisco, Camotes

Is.

n.a 6 Dec. 1993

EMRO Int’l Inc./

MRC Allied Corp.

Export Processing Zone Cantao-an, Naga &

Guindarohan, Minglanilla

2,000 1993

Franco Golf Course

Tourism, commercial, recreational Dayhagon, Medellin 1,000 14 Jul. 1994

Ayala Land Inc./

MAC Dev’t. Corp.

Golf course and subdivision Babag, Pung-ol Sibugay,

Malubog, & Sirao, Cebu

City

224 30 Aug. 1994

New Medillen

Development Proj.

Tourism Sitio Landing, Brgy.

Poblacion

25 1996

Negros Or. Sen. John Osmeña Orchard &

Industrial Estate

Pamplona 200+ 1993

Bayawan Mini Cement Plant &

Lime Manufacturing Inc.

(Herminio Teves)

Malabugas, Bayawan 60 1994

Rep. Jerome Paras/ Trinidad

Estate (crop conversion)

Trinidad, Guihulngan 1,000 Dec. 1995

Bohol

Panglao Integrated Tourism

Estate

Dauis & Panglao, Panglao Is.

272

1991

PALM Inc. Carmen, Bohol 6000 2001

Province Landowner/

Developer/

Project

Location Area

(ha)

Date Reported/

Documented

Sources and References: 1. PNFSP research

2. PNFSP Network members from CARAGA

3. Center for Environmental Concerns - www.cecphils.org

4. Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas

5. SENTRA - Atty. Jobert Pahilga, Executive Trustee

6. FLC – Caraga; CARAGA Watch

7. Department of Agriculture – Bureau of Agricultural Statistics – www.gov.ph

8. Central Visayas Farmers Development Center Inc. – FARDEC research and Plowshare Publications

9. Eastern Visayas Rural Assistance Program (EVRAP)

10. The Frenzy for Raw Materials – Effects of Mining in the Philippines by Lilli Breininger and Michael Reckordt

11. Typhoon Haiyan is Threatening Sugar Cane in Philippines by Gwynn Guilford - Photo by Sugar Regulatory Administration - http://qz.com/145161

12. National Statistics Office

13. National Statistics and Coordination Board

14. Department of Agrarian Reform

15. Department of Agriculture – Bureau of Agricultural Statistics

16. Social Weather Station survey from April 2013 to June 213 – www.rappler.com