TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONALDEFENCE & SECURITYJeff KayeChair– Defence & Security Transparency International

Why does corruption in defence and security matter?

DANGEROUS It undermines military effectiveness. Poor equipment / resources; risks the lives of troops ; destroys morale.

WASTEFUL The defence sector is worth $1.7 trillion a year. The waste from corruption is in

billions of dollars.

DIVISIVE It destroys citizens’ trust in government and the armed forces.

Why does corruption in defence and security matter to International Development?DANGEROUS It creates risk for all operations

WASTEFUL It diverts money from vital services: directly and indirectly

DIVISIVE It creates doubt in the minds of donors and drives corruption in other sectors

UK’s pledges: 0.7% of GNI…......................................................2% of GDP

Dangerous: undermines military effectiveness

• Third Anglo-Dutch War 1672-4

• Crimean War 1853-6

Dangerous: undermines military effectiveness

• Nigeria: $2billion of fictitious purchases of Alpha jets, helicopters,bombs, ammunition to fight Boko Haram

• Fake bomb detectors in Iraq, Niger – proved to be completely inoperable as they were….fake!

• Malaysia: submarines scandal over 12 years €115m bribes

• Greece: NH90 helicopters on the tarmac €37m bribes – eight year delivery delay

Wasteful: impacting on other public services

• South Africa “the Arms deal” – R38 billion

• Tanzania’s air traffic control system £28m for unwanted system

• ‘Karachigate’ (France)

Deals that “cost” developing nations

Divisive: destroying public trust

• Countries without legitimate governments serious risk of instability – Iraq, Afghanistan, Kenya

• This is true for fragile states but even in seemingly stable environments

• Sustaining legitimacy should be an important goal for the military…

Corruption drives conflict• The fuel for violent extremism

• Corroding institutions

• Destroys state legitimacy

“Corruption is the cancer at the heart of so many of the problems we face around the world… World leaders simply cannot dodge this issue any longer. We have to …. break the taboo on talking about corruption. I will start tomorrow at the G7 in Germany and I will put corruption at the heart of my agenda at the United Nations in September and the g20 in Turkey, culminating with a major anti-corruption summit in London next year.”David Cameron June 2015

• Religious motivation only one of several reason for joining/supporting the Taliban or Hizb-i Islami.

• Religious message does resonate but mainly because it is couched in terms of the corruption of government and the presence of foreign forces.

• There was almost no support for government amongst those interviewed.• The majority expressed support for the Taliban - at least the ‘good’ Taliban but

primarily a way of expressing opposition to the government• Most radicalisation appears to happen after joining a Taliban group.

Study based on 192 interviews in three insurgency areas: Wardak, Kandahar and wider Kabul area; with a diverse range of people (government officers, tribal elders, religious leaders, youth groups, women's groups, traders and businessmen as well as Taliban combatants and Hizb-i Islami commanders).

WHY DOES CORRUPTION INDEFENCE MATTER?

The fuel for violent extremismCauses of radicalisation in Afghanistan – result of a dfid funded study

The Link between Corruption and Instability

Progress even under testing circumstances…

Corruption control

TI - DEFENCE & SECURITY

Katherine DixonProgramme Director – Defence & Security Transparency International

DEFENCE & SECURITY

DEFENCE & SECURITY

Accountable Defence Sectors Outcomes

1) Wide acceptance of global transparency and accountability standards in the defence and security sector, particularly among major and emerging powers.

2) Measurable reduction in corruption risk in the defence and security sectors of key states.

DEFENCE & SECURITY

DEFENCE & SECURITY

DEFENCE & SECURITYIndustry Integrity Outcomes

1) Wide acceptance of global transparency and accountability standards in the defence and security sector, particularly among major and emerging powersSystemic barriers to reducing corruption in the defence industry are removed

2) Companies have transparent systems and high anti-corruption standards and are committed to reducing corruption risks, raising standards globally, and can be held to account.

DEFENCE & SECURITY

DEFENCE & SECURITYConflict & Insecurity Outcomes

1) Reduced defence and security sector corruption in fragile and conflict states which face a high risk of falling into increased conflict.

2) Corruption on international interventions and operations is minimised by ensuring that armed forces, civilian practitioners and policymakers have the incentives, awareness, tools and training that they need to counter corruption.

3) Major power security policy reflects that corruption is a threat to stability and peace, and practical recommendations to reduce it are implemented.

DEFENCE & SECURITY

TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONALDEFENCE & SECURITYJeff KayeChair– Defence & Security Transparency International