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From ARMM to the Bangsamoro:
ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PERILS
Atty. Laisa Masuhud Alamia
Executive Secretary, ARMM
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
• 48.7% poverty incidence
• 30 municipalities prone to
armed conflict
• 36 municipalities prone to
hazard
• 5 provinces
• 2 cities
• 116 municipalities
• 2,490 barangays
Source:ARMM HEART, Office on Civil Defense, GRM International (Survey Mapping the Conflict in Mindanao), DENR-MGB, PhiVolcS
A. Overall Situation (ARMM)
• ARMM is the poorest region in the country at 48.7 poverty
incidence rate as of 2012. Lanao del Sur is the poorest province in the
country at 67.3 percent, and Maguindanao at 54.5 percent.
• GRDP has grown to 3.6 percent as of 2013, from negative 0.3%
GRDP in 2011. This has been attributed to improved delivery of
services and a more favorable investment climate due to the ongoing
reform agenda and the peace process.
• However, the development challenges in the area remain. This is
exacerbated by intergenerational cycles of conflict, insecurity, and
displacement in the region since 1970’s.
Waves of displacement in the recent past include:
• At least 982,000 persons displaced during the 2000 “all-out-
war”;
• Renewed AFP operations in the Buliok Complex in 2003
resulted in a net displacement figure of about 400,000 IDPs;
• During the aftermath of the aborted Memorandum of
Agreement on Ancestral Domain (MOA-AD) in 2008, the
NDCC reported an estimated 145,730 families or 728,659
persons uprooted by the fighting;
• Controlled special operations against the MILF breakaway
group BIFF in the aftermath of the 25 January 2015
Mamasapano tragedy has caused the displacement of more
than 125,000 people in the second district of Maguindanao.
Violent Conflict in ARMM (2011-2014)
Source: Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System, World Bank
952
1,492
1,324
855
304
766
422
981
620
87 -
400
800
1,200
1,600
Basilan Lanao del Sur Maguindanao Sulu Tawi-Tawi
Conflict incidents Conflict deaths
Source: Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System, World Bank
11,305
200
32,662
666 10
Basilan Lanao del Sur Maguindanao Sulu Tawi-Tawi
Source: Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System, World Bank
1.19 0.85
27.50 26.57
0.00
7.00
14.00
21.00
28.00
Conflict incidents Conflict deathsCo
nfl
ict
inci
de
nts
or
de
ath
s p
er
10
0 k
m2
non-SPMS Box within Maguindanao
SPMS Box
27
1090
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
non-SPMS Boxwithin
Maguindanao
SPMS Box
Dis
pla
ced
ho
use
ho
lds
pe
r 1
00
km
2
B. Overall Situation (Maguindanao) • Maguindanao suffers most in terms of disaster,
both natural and manmade. Based on the 2010 WB-WFP study on violent conflicts in CentralMindanao, Maguindanao is the province most affected by displacement.
• A large segment of hostilities have focused on this area, both during the Marcos regime and in recent years.
• Between 2000 and 2010, displacement affected four out of every five households in the province.
B. Overall Situation (2nd District, Maguindanao)
• Owing to the long-running Bangsamoro struggle, Maguindanao is home to various revolutionary armed groups such as the MNLF and the MILF. Also included are the BIFF and suspected private armed groups of influential clans in the province.
• At the core of the 2nd district of Maguindanao is the so-called “SPMS Box”, which has been historically designated by security forces as a “no-man’s land”.
• Of the 24 municipalities in the second district, a total of 15 municipalities were affected by military operations from March to May 2015, displacing 125,000 persons at its peak.
Poverty Incidence
FUNDING
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
48.70% 2012
POVERTY INCIDENCE
MAGNITUDE
39.90% 2009
212,4942009
271,3552012
Back
Trafficking-in-Persons (TIP)
TIP and GVB Cases, 2013-2015
2
1
Gender Based Violence (GBV)
2
1
3
1
2
3
PAPs Gap in ARMM
National Agency PAPs
PAPs implemented
in ARMM
No PAPs in ARMM
23 PAPs 9 PAPs 14 PAPs
Delayed Fund Releases/ Thru
RO IX, X, XII
Fully funded in the GAA
No fund Allocation
ARMM BUDGETYEAR AMOUNT (M)
2004 5,124.66
2005 6,981.83
2006 6,826.25
2007 8,644.32
2008 8,178.45
2009 9,448.96
YEAR AMOUNT (M)
2010 9,285.09
2011 11,788.46
2012 11,717.71
2013 17,290.17
2014 19,615.03
2015 24,299.81Hussin Admin, 2002-2005
Ampatuan Admin, 2005-2009
Adiong Admin, 2010-2011
Hataman Admin, 2012 to date
Gaps in PAPs Implementation
2015 National Programs
DEPED (23)
National Programs in
ARMM
DEPED (9)
Not Implemented in
ARMM
DEPED (14)
DWSD (9) DSWD (6) DSWD (1)
DOH (20) DOH (0) DOH (15)
DA (40) DA (34) DA (16)
DAR (19) DAR (17) DAR (2)
DILG (18) DILG (13) DILG (5)
DTI (7) DTI (0) DTI (7)Back
Gaps in PAPs Implementation
2015 National Programs
DENR (28)
National Programs in
ARMM
DENR (2)
Not Implemented in
ARMM
DENR (26)
DOLE (16) DOLE (0) DOLE (16)
DOST (4) DOST (2) DOST (2)
DOT (6) DOT (0) DOT (6)
DOTC (7) DOTC (0) DOTC (7)
TESDA (2) TESDA (2) TESDA (0)
BFAR (20) BFAR (14) BFAR (1)Back
Gaps in Health Facility
HFEP
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
38.0%
ofBHS
COVERAGE
62.0%
ofBHS
GAP
Lack of BHS (88/200 barangays or 44%)
Gap in Health Facilities (as of 2015)
2/16
6/14
6/10 7/13
2/17
10/11
4/11
Hospitals
1 Rural Health Units per municipality
6/8
3/11
5/15
3/9
4/7
21/34
5/16
4/10
Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitary Toilets
Source: FHSIS, IPHO-Maguindanao
-
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
32.30
- -
64.41
34.68
65.89
-
64.61
40.50
62.43
-
40.96
- - -
16.1
0 0
71.9
34.8
27
-
56.3
19.622.6
-
12.1
- - -
Household with Access to Safe Drinking Water Household with Sanitary Toilet
Schools commonly used as evacuation centers
Enrolment (2nd District) S.Y. 2013-2014 Elementary: 79,085 pupilsSecondary: 16,364 students
Number of SchoolsElementary: 275Secondary: 34Madaris: 17
Dilapidated School Buildings
Dilapidated School Buldings
Rajah Buayan
1.Bakat ES
2.Sampao ES
3.Dansalan ES
Mamasapano
1.Pidsandawan ES
2.Linantangan ES
3.Libutan ES
4.Mamasapano CES
Shariff Saydona
1.Gumbay ES
2.Pamalian ES
3.Pikeg ES
Datu Piang
1.Liong PS
2.Alongan PS
3. Dado ES
4. Damabalas ES
Datu Saudi
1.Madia ES
2.Kitapok PS
Guindulungan
1.Kalumamis ES
2.Muslim ES
DAM
1.Nunangen ES
NAT Mean Percentage Scores
66.93
57.83
70.3774.22
70.3 67.99
48.8844.68
72.16
53.67
72.94
56.62
63.11
52.10
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
NATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT TEST FOR ELEMENTARY,SY 2013-2014
Source: DepEd-ARMM
POLICE STATIONS IN AFFECTED AREAS
Municipal Police StationsMamasapanoDatu UnsayShariff AguakRajah BuayanDatu HofferDatu Saudi AmpatuanGuindulunganTalayanTalitay (Sultan Sumagka)Datu Anggal MidtimbangDatu Odin SinsuatDatu PiangDatu Abdullah Sangki
With Structure
Without Structure
FIRE STATION AND FIRE TRUCKS IN AFFECTED AREASMunicipalities With Fire
StationsWithout
Fire
Stations
With Fire
Trucks
Without
Fire
Trucks
Mamasapano
Datu Unsay
Shariff Aguak
(1 Isuzu Morita pumper and 1 penetrator)
Datu Salibo
Rajah Buayan
Datu Hoffer
Datu Saudi Ampatuan
(1 Isuzu NPR mini pumper)
Guindulungan
Talayan
(1 Fire truck owned by LGU)
Talitay
Datu Anggal Midtimbang
Datu Odin Sinsuat
(1 Isuzu Morita Pumper and 2 firetrucks owned by LGU)
Datu Piang
(1 Nissan Pumper and 1 KIA CERES mini pumper)
D. Abdullah Sangki
Shariff Saydona Mustapha
With Fire Station
Without Fire Station
LOCAL STRUCTURES IN THE AFFECTED MUNICIPALITIES
MunicipalitiesP/C/M/BDC
P/C/M LUC
P/C/MPMC
Maguindanao / / /Mamasapano / / /Datu Unsay / / Non-
Functional
Shariff Aguak / Non-Functional
/
Datu Salibo / / /Rajah Buayan Non-
Functional
Non-Functional
Non-Functional
Datu Hoffer / Non-Functional
/
Datu Saudi Ampatuan
/ / /
Guindulungan / Non-Functional
Not Organized
Talayan / Non-Functional
Non-Functional
Talitay / Non-Functional
/
Datu Anggal Midtimbang
/ Non-Functional
Non-Functional
Datu Odin Sinsuat
/ / /
Datu Piang / Non-Functional
Non-Functional
Datu Abdullah Sangki
/ / /
Shariff Saydona Mustapha
Functional LDC
Non Functional LDC
OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE
• Not implemented
• Devolution of agencies and departments in ARMM not complete
• ARMM has no program funds; these are matters that are supposed to be discussed in the oversight committee as part of the devolution process
Devolution
• Incomplete devolution from national to regional, regional to local government units
• Regional government does not have direct authority over LGUs, particularly on utilization of funds (IRA) and implementation of programs
Reforms in ARMM
• Governance: Good Governance Conditions, ISO accreditation, GSIS issue resolution, “ghost-busting”
• Education• Public Works/Infrastructure• Civil Service• Investments/Economy• Employment/Livelihood Programs• Land issues: Cadastral Survey• Increased budget/program funds
But still….
• While corruption issues can be resolved, good governance measures can be implemented, and sustainable programs/projects can be implemented with impact at the grassroots level, there are structural defects within ARMM that can be resolved through the passage of the BBL.
THANKS!