Upload
smart-energy-transition
View
74
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Towards an experimental
government?
Smart energy transition via experimentation: What
have we learned so far? By Eva Heiskanen,
University of Helsinki
Comments by
Kaisa Lähteenmäki-Smith
15th February 2017
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
1. Experiments at the heart of both a) knowledge creation and b) governance
Experimentalist governance (e.g. Sabel & Zeitling: “…distinctive mechanisms for accountability, monitoring, and compliance enforcement respond to the demands of a world in which precise policy goals and methods of achieving them can not be determined ex ante, but must instead be discovered in the course of problem-solving…”)
Individual’s role? Behaviour, its drivers and the systemic approach of social marketing
2. ”Experiments as strategic niches for system innovation”
3. Accelerating the learning process
4. The Finnish model, including “A place to experiment” digital platform
Main comments
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
1. Innovative solutions and improvements in services
2. The promotion of individual initiative and entrepreneurship
3. Strengthening of regional and local decision-making and cooperation & making use of citizen-driven operating practices
4. Improving foresight capacity and solving social problems’
3
Government Programme:
Goals
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
Expectations and visions
Learning processes
Social networks
4
Strategic niches of system innovation
and processes of niche development
Source: Johan Schot & Frank W. Geels 2008: “Strategic niche management and sustainable
innovation journeys: theory, findings, research agenda, and policy”, Technology Analysis & Strategic
Management, Vol. 20, No. 5, September 2008, 537–554.
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi5
Service design
Experience is overtaking product and
price as the most important factors in
influencing behaviour, bringing into
focus the individual and his/her
behaviour, participatory prototyping and
collaboration with clients as key
processes for success
Service Design Thinkin
g
Co-create
Holistic
Evidencing
User Centered
Sequencing
Insight informed
Source: Professor Jeff French at
”Experimental breakfast meeting”
31st January 2017, Helsinki,
presentation:
”Social Marketing
Fostering Citizen informed
Experimentation”
Available here
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
1.Evidence, Data & Insight informed
2.Citizen focused Value production
3.Systematic planning, objectives setting and evaluation
4.A full intervention mix
5.Co-production and delivery
6
Learning processes / elements of
effective practice (source: French 2017)
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
EASY
• Make it easy, people are much more likely to do something when if it’s easy and low-hassle.
• Simplify Friction: remove or add it to inhibit
• Defaults: set the easy path as the healthiest, safest, option.
ATTRACT
• People are drawn to that which catches their attention and is attractive to them.
• Personalise: use recipient’s name; make relevant
• Salience: make key point stand out
• Messenger: experts and named individuals beat anonymous or distrusted sources
• Lotteries: make incentives more attractive
SOCIAL
• People are strongly influenced by what others are doing or have done.
• Norms: what are others actually doing
• Networks: a friend or colleague recommends Reciprocity and Active commitments: promises Reminders of others: faces and eyes
TIMELY
• Interventions are more effective before habits are formed, or behaviour has been disrupted for other reasons.
• Habits: intervene before they become established
• Key moments: when behaviour is disrupted
• Priming and Anchoring: the power of what came just before
• Time Inconsistency: discounting the future
Communication and steering: putting the individual and his/her choices,
motivations and behaviour at the centre
*Halpern, David (2015): Inside the Nudge Unit, How Small Changes can make a big difference, London: WH Allen.
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
• (The promotion of) experimentation a political goal in its own right
• ”A culture of experimentation will be introduced” (PMO 2016)
• Combines transition thinking (cf. The Netherlands) with behaviouralistapproaches (UK in particular) and policy trial tradition (cf. The Anglo-American countries)
8
The Finnish Model?
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi10
Different experimental settings
(Adapted from Nesta, 2015)
Rapidexperiments
Design experiments
Researchexperiments
Explorativeexperiments, searchingquick solutions to a given challenge step-by-step.
Experiments optimizing thequality of information
gained from experimenting. Meticulous design of the
experimental setting a prercondition
Experiments building on aninitial research/ co-
creation phase. Suitable for e.g. service design.
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
Knowledge production
• Does a new planned measure
work (if not, why not?)
• What are the expected results
and impacts?
• Objective: high quality
information for decision-
making
Experiments Can Be Implemented For Various
Reasons (Annala et al. 2016)
Changing thinking and behaviour
• How does the proposed measure change the way people think and act?
• Objective: a broader change within the target group
• Means: empowering and involving people
Expanding the impact
• How to expand the positive impact?
• Objective: scaling up of what works
• Means: resources (funding, networks, knowledge, information)
Structural change
• What does the lesson learnt imply for our current system?
• Objective: improving legislation, business models, working culture
• Means: challenging, inviting in
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
Digital Platform for Experiments• We need a tool for
• Funding small experiments
• Enabling crowdsourcing of resources
• Enable sharing of LESSONS learned
• Enable accelerating good solutions, copying and SCALING UP of what works
See (and co-create!) : https://www.kokeilunpaikka.fi/
12
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi
The User Can
• Create own profile• Funder, experimenter, facilitator,
decision-maker, interested public
• Give input: like, discuss, throw ideas or challenges, share information, etc
• Create an accelerator: channel for sponsorship -> embed to own website
• Search and follow content, also from other websites
13
I Valtioneuvoston kanslia I vnk.fi17
The Experimental Finland Team
Skills in the team:
- Scientific study
- ICT
- Innovation
- Open
Government
- Cultural Change
and Leadership