THE ROAD TO COP21

Dr Simon Buckle Head of Division, Climate Biodiversity and Water OECD Environment Directorate Meeting of the OECD Global Parliamentary Network Paris, 1 October 2015

1. COP 21: context and main issues

2. The OECD role

3. What might success look like?

UN Framework Convention (1992) "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that

would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.“

based on

“common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”

Source: Global Carbon Project

It won’t be like COP 15

COP15 : A new agreement under the UNFCCC, with specified GHG reduction targets … but too little preparatory work Yielded the Copenhagen Accord

Individual pledges A “bottom up” approach Strong political will and

momentum … Beyond COP21, countries will have to get onto a pathway to the even deeper reductions needed for 2⁰C

What is needed to succeed?

Differentiation How to determine individual actions, in line with responsibilities and capabilities?

What is needed to succeed?

Ambition How to frame “bottom-up” actions to enhance implementation and consistent with the long-term target?

What is needed to succeed?

Climate finance

Who pays, for what, how much, which sources, what counts?

… and who receives?

What is needed to succeed?

Legal form

In what way will the agreement have “legal force”? force”?

1. COP 21: Context and main issues

2. The OECD role

3. What might success look like?

Key OECD work feeding into COP21

•MCM June •SG LSE Speech July

Aligning Policies

• “Policies and Progress”, launch in Oct

• Risks & adaptation report

• CIRCLE – Costs of Inaction (Nov)

Mitigation & Adaptation

• March Global Forum and meeting

• Sep Global Forum and meeting

CCXG (Joint with IEA)

• Status of climate finance (OECD-CPI project)

• Research Collaborative

• Green Bonds, Green Investment Banks

Climate finance

• Energy taxation (June)

• FFS update (Sep)

Fossil fuels, energy, agriculture

Q1

• G20 FM&CBG (9/2)

• OECD RTSD (3/2)

• CCXG Global Forum

Q2

• WWF7, Korea (12-17/4)

• G20 ESWG & FM&CBG

• OECD GIFF (20/5)

• OECD MCM & Forum

Q3

• Our Common Future conference (adaptation, CIRCLE)

• Global Forum and CCXG meeting

• G20 Finance Ministers

Q4

• Lima meetings (9 Oct)

• COP21 (30/11-11/12)

• OECD events at COP21

• Global Landscapes Forum (8-9/12)

Increasing momentum

Carbon pricing and/or regulation is essential. But carbon pricing alone is not enough For deep emissions reductions we also need RDD&D Leaving fossil fuel behind implies a transformation cutting across every corner of the economy.

IEA OECD

ITF N

EA

1) What are we not doing?

2) What are we doing, but should stop doing?

Electricity

Taxes & tariffs

Agriculture

Mobility

Innovation

Long-term investment

Watch the video – 200 pages in 200 seconds.

Climate Finance Project

OECD Development Assistance Committee CPI – Climate Policy Initiative

• To provide a transparent aggregate estimate of climate finance in relation to developed countries’ commitment to a goal of mobilising the USD 100bn a year goal by 2020 for developing country needs

• The project was initiated at the request of the current and incoming COP Presidencies in support of a successful outcome at #COP21.

• Launch 9 Oct in Lima

1. COP 21: Context and main issues

2. The OECD role

3. What might success look like?

Status of selected issues

What would success at Paris look like?

Ambition: an agreement that over time aims to transform the

global emissions pathway (zero net emissions or limiting to 2⁰C)

Dynamism: A mechanism for assessing, updating and rolling

forward mitigation contributions on a regular basis

Transparency: Robust Monitoring, Reporting and Verification for

confidence building and effectiveness on emissions and support

Accountability

Developed countries mobilise USD 100 billion a year by 2020

Support for technology and capacity building.

Recipient countries improve enabling environments

Credibility: Strong directional signal to non-state actors - firms,

cities, financial sector. For example, early global peaking of

emissions

Thank you for your attention!

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