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Knowledge about Visha Upavisha amp Metalic preparations
Knowledge of formulations containing Visha Upavisha amp
Rasa aushadhis
DrJanardan PandayFrormer Joint Advisor (Ay)
ampAddlDrug Controller Deptt Of AYUSH GOI
THE DRUGS AND COSMETICS ACT 1940
Divided Into Five Chapters
contains
38 Sections
The First Schedule
Ayurveda1 Arogya Kalpadruma
2 Arka Prakasha
3 Arya Bhishak
4 Ashtanga Hridaya
5 Ashtanga Samgraha
6 Ayurveda Kalpadruma
7 Ayurveda Prakasha
8 Ayurveda Samgraha
9 Bhaishajya Ratnavali
10 Brihat Bhaishajya Ratnakara
11 Bhava Prakasha
12 Brihat Nighantu Ratnakara
13 Charaka Samihita
14 Chakra Datta
15 Gada Nigraha
16 Kupi Pakva Rasayana
17 Nighantu Ratnakara
18 Rasa Chandanshu
19 Rasa Raja Sundara
20 Rasaratna Samuchaya
21 Rasatantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga SangrahamdashPart 1
22 Rasa Tarangini
23 Rasa Yoga Sagara
24 Rasa Yoga Ratnakara
25 Rasa Yoga Samgraha
26 Rasendra Sara Samgraha
27 Rasa Pradipika
28 Sahasrayoga
29 Sarvaroga Chikitsa Ratnam
30 Sarvayoga Chikitsa Ratnam
31 Sharangadhara Samhita
32 Siddha Bhaishajya Manimala
33 Sidha Yoga Samgraha
34 Sushruta Samhita
35 Vaidya Chintamani36 Vaidyaka Shabda Sindu37 Vaidyaka Chikitsa Sara38 Vidya Jiwan39 Vasava Rajeeyam40 Yoga Ratnakara41 Yoga Tarangini42 Yoga Chintamani43 Kashyapasamhita44 Bhelasamhita45 Vishwanathachikitsa46 Vrindachikitsa47 Ayurvedachintamani48 Abhinavachintamani49 Ayurveda-Ratnakara50 Yogaratnasangraha51 Rasamrita52 Dravyagunanighantu53 Rasamanijari54 Banagasena54A Ayurvedic Formulary of India (Part-I)54B Ayurveda Sara Samgraha54C Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
ContihellipSiddha55 Siddha Vaidya Thirattu
56 Therayar Maha Karisal
57 Brahma Muni Karukkadai (300)
58 Bhogar (700)
59 Pulippani (500)
60 Agasthiyar Paripuranam (400)
61 Therayar Yamagam
62 Agasthiyar Chenduram (300)
63 Agasthiyar (1500)
64 Athmarakshamrutham
65 Agasthiyar Pin (80)
66 Agasshiyar Rathna Chrukkam
67 Therayar Karisal (300)
68 Veeramamuni Nasa Kandam
69 Agasthiyar (600)
70 Agasthiyar Kanma Soothiram
71 Siddarrsquos Chillarai Kovai
72 Yog Vatha Kaviyam
73 Therayar Tharu
74 Agasthiyar Vaidya Kaviyam (1500)
75 Bala Vagadam
76 Chimittu Rathna (Rathna) Churukkam
77 Nagamuni (200)
78 Agasthiyar Chillarai Kovai
79 Chikicha Rathna Deepam
80 Agasthiyar Nayana Vidhi
81 Yugi Karisal (151)
82 Agasthiyar Vallathi (600)
83 Therayar Thaila Varkam
84 Siddha Formulary of India (Part I)]
Unani Tibb System1 Karabadin Qadri
2 Karabadin Kabir
3 Karabadin Azam
4 Ilaj-ul-Amraz
5 Al Karabadin
6 Biaz Kabir Vol II
7 Karabadin Jadid
8 Kithalf-ul-Taklis
9 Sanat-ul-Taklis
10 Mifta-ul-Khazain
11 Madan-ul-Aksir
12 Makhzan-ul-murabhat
13 National Formulary of Unani Medicine (Part I)
SCHEDULE E (1)[See Rule 161 (2)]
List of poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic (including Siddha) and Unani Systems of Medicine
A AYURVEDIC SYSTEMDrugs of vegetable origin
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linn
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Gunj Abrus precatirius Linn
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Karaveera Rerium indicum Mill
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linn
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Holm
II Drugs of Animal Origin
Sarpa Visha Snake poison
III Drugs of Mineral Origin
Gauripashana Arsenic
Hartala Arseno sulphide
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Parada Mercury
Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridum
Tuttha Copper sulphate
Hingula Cinnabar
Sindura Red oxide of lead
Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
B SIDDHA SYSTEMAbini Papaver Somniferum Linn
Alari Nerium indicum Mill
Azhavanam Lawsonia inermis Linn
Attru thummatti Citrullis colocynthis Scharad
Anai Kunri Adanathera pavonina Linn
Rattha Polam Aloe barbadensis Mill
Ilaikalli Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Eezhaththalari Plumeria acuminota Ait
Gomatthai Datrua stramonium Linn
Etti Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Ganja Cannabis sativa Linn
Kalappaik Kizhangu Gloriosa superba Linn
Kodikkalli Euphorbia tiruqalli Linn
Chadurakkalli Euphorbia antiquorium Linn
Karia polam Aloe sp
Kattamanakku Jatropha glandulifera Roxb
Kattu thumatti Cucmis trigonus Roxb
Kunri Abrus precotorusu Linn
Cheran Kottai Semicorpus anacardium Linn
Thillai Exoecoria agallocha Linn
Nabi Aconitum ferox Wall
Nervalam Croton tiglium Linn
Pugai Elai Nicotiana tobucum Linn
Marukkarai Randia dumetorum Lam
Mansevikkalli Euphorbia sp
C UNANI SYSTEMI Drugs of vegetable origin
Afiyun Papaver somniferum Linn
Bazrul-banj Hyoscyamus niger Linn
Bish Aconitum chasmanthum Strapfex Holmes
Bhang Cannabis sativa Linn
Charas Canabis sativa Linn
Dhatura seeds Datura metal Linn (seeds)
Kuchla Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Shokran Conium maculatum Linn
II Drugs of Animal origin
Sanp (head) Snake (head)
Telni makkhi Mylabris cichori Linn
Mylabaris pustulata Thund
Mylabris macilenta
III Drugs of Mineral origin
Darchikna Hydrargryi perchloridum
Hira Diamond
Ras Kapoor Hydrargryi Subchloridum (calomel)
Shingruf Hydrargryi bisulphuratum
Zangar Cupri subacetas
Sammul-Far (Abyaz Asfar Aswad
and Ahmar)
Arsenic (white yellow black and red)
Tootiya Copper Sulphate
Para Hydrargyrum
Hartal Arsenic trisulphide (yellow)
AYURVEDIC SYSTEMbull Drugs of vegetable originbull Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linnbull Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Aitbull Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn Fbull Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linnbull Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Argbull Dhattura Datura metal Linnbull Gunj Abrus precatirius Linnbull Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linnbull Karaveera Rerium indicum Millbull Langali Gloriosa superba Linnbull Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linnbull Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linnbull Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolmbull Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linnbull Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Hol
AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
bull II Drugs of Animal Origin bull Sarpa Visha Snake poison
bull III Drugs of Mineral Originbull Gauripashana Arsenicbull Hartala Arseno sulphidebull Manahashila Arseno sulphidebull Parada Mercurybull Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridumbull Tuttha Copper sulphatebull Hingula Cinnabarbull Sindura Red oxide of leadbull Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
Synonyms of visha
bull विष हालाहाला बरहमपतर सौरषटरकाहावयमbull परदीपन दीरदीखय काकाला शौकतिका यका bull अविहाछतरम म षशौङग कष डो हामत समत bull तथा विपपपलापतलामकतिलानविन च का लाम-bull VishaHalahalBrahm-putraSourashtrabull PradeepanaDaradaKakolasouktikeyaAhichh
atraMeshshringiKusthaHaimavataPippalabull PatalaMalinaampKambala
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
THE DRUGS AND COSMETICS ACT 1940
Divided Into Five Chapters
contains
38 Sections
The First Schedule
Ayurveda1 Arogya Kalpadruma
2 Arka Prakasha
3 Arya Bhishak
4 Ashtanga Hridaya
5 Ashtanga Samgraha
6 Ayurveda Kalpadruma
7 Ayurveda Prakasha
8 Ayurveda Samgraha
9 Bhaishajya Ratnavali
10 Brihat Bhaishajya Ratnakara
11 Bhava Prakasha
12 Brihat Nighantu Ratnakara
13 Charaka Samihita
14 Chakra Datta
15 Gada Nigraha
16 Kupi Pakva Rasayana
17 Nighantu Ratnakara
18 Rasa Chandanshu
19 Rasa Raja Sundara
20 Rasaratna Samuchaya
21 Rasatantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga SangrahamdashPart 1
22 Rasa Tarangini
23 Rasa Yoga Sagara
24 Rasa Yoga Ratnakara
25 Rasa Yoga Samgraha
26 Rasendra Sara Samgraha
27 Rasa Pradipika
28 Sahasrayoga
29 Sarvaroga Chikitsa Ratnam
30 Sarvayoga Chikitsa Ratnam
31 Sharangadhara Samhita
32 Siddha Bhaishajya Manimala
33 Sidha Yoga Samgraha
34 Sushruta Samhita
35 Vaidya Chintamani36 Vaidyaka Shabda Sindu37 Vaidyaka Chikitsa Sara38 Vidya Jiwan39 Vasava Rajeeyam40 Yoga Ratnakara41 Yoga Tarangini42 Yoga Chintamani43 Kashyapasamhita44 Bhelasamhita45 Vishwanathachikitsa46 Vrindachikitsa47 Ayurvedachintamani48 Abhinavachintamani49 Ayurveda-Ratnakara50 Yogaratnasangraha51 Rasamrita52 Dravyagunanighantu53 Rasamanijari54 Banagasena54A Ayurvedic Formulary of India (Part-I)54B Ayurveda Sara Samgraha54C Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
ContihellipSiddha55 Siddha Vaidya Thirattu
56 Therayar Maha Karisal
57 Brahma Muni Karukkadai (300)
58 Bhogar (700)
59 Pulippani (500)
60 Agasthiyar Paripuranam (400)
61 Therayar Yamagam
62 Agasthiyar Chenduram (300)
63 Agasthiyar (1500)
64 Athmarakshamrutham
65 Agasthiyar Pin (80)
66 Agasshiyar Rathna Chrukkam
67 Therayar Karisal (300)
68 Veeramamuni Nasa Kandam
69 Agasthiyar (600)
70 Agasthiyar Kanma Soothiram
71 Siddarrsquos Chillarai Kovai
72 Yog Vatha Kaviyam
73 Therayar Tharu
74 Agasthiyar Vaidya Kaviyam (1500)
75 Bala Vagadam
76 Chimittu Rathna (Rathna) Churukkam
77 Nagamuni (200)
78 Agasthiyar Chillarai Kovai
79 Chikicha Rathna Deepam
80 Agasthiyar Nayana Vidhi
81 Yugi Karisal (151)
82 Agasthiyar Vallathi (600)
83 Therayar Thaila Varkam
84 Siddha Formulary of India (Part I)]
Unani Tibb System1 Karabadin Qadri
2 Karabadin Kabir
3 Karabadin Azam
4 Ilaj-ul-Amraz
5 Al Karabadin
6 Biaz Kabir Vol II
7 Karabadin Jadid
8 Kithalf-ul-Taklis
9 Sanat-ul-Taklis
10 Mifta-ul-Khazain
11 Madan-ul-Aksir
12 Makhzan-ul-murabhat
13 National Formulary of Unani Medicine (Part I)
SCHEDULE E (1)[See Rule 161 (2)]
List of poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic (including Siddha) and Unani Systems of Medicine
A AYURVEDIC SYSTEMDrugs of vegetable origin
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linn
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Gunj Abrus precatirius Linn
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Karaveera Rerium indicum Mill
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linn
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Holm
II Drugs of Animal Origin
Sarpa Visha Snake poison
III Drugs of Mineral Origin
Gauripashana Arsenic
Hartala Arseno sulphide
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Parada Mercury
Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridum
Tuttha Copper sulphate
Hingula Cinnabar
Sindura Red oxide of lead
Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
B SIDDHA SYSTEMAbini Papaver Somniferum Linn
Alari Nerium indicum Mill
Azhavanam Lawsonia inermis Linn
Attru thummatti Citrullis colocynthis Scharad
Anai Kunri Adanathera pavonina Linn
Rattha Polam Aloe barbadensis Mill
Ilaikalli Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Eezhaththalari Plumeria acuminota Ait
Gomatthai Datrua stramonium Linn
Etti Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Ganja Cannabis sativa Linn
Kalappaik Kizhangu Gloriosa superba Linn
Kodikkalli Euphorbia tiruqalli Linn
Chadurakkalli Euphorbia antiquorium Linn
Karia polam Aloe sp
Kattamanakku Jatropha glandulifera Roxb
Kattu thumatti Cucmis trigonus Roxb
Kunri Abrus precotorusu Linn
Cheran Kottai Semicorpus anacardium Linn
Thillai Exoecoria agallocha Linn
Nabi Aconitum ferox Wall
Nervalam Croton tiglium Linn
Pugai Elai Nicotiana tobucum Linn
Marukkarai Randia dumetorum Lam
Mansevikkalli Euphorbia sp
C UNANI SYSTEMI Drugs of vegetable origin
Afiyun Papaver somniferum Linn
Bazrul-banj Hyoscyamus niger Linn
Bish Aconitum chasmanthum Strapfex Holmes
Bhang Cannabis sativa Linn
Charas Canabis sativa Linn
Dhatura seeds Datura metal Linn (seeds)
Kuchla Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Shokran Conium maculatum Linn
II Drugs of Animal origin
Sanp (head) Snake (head)
Telni makkhi Mylabris cichori Linn
Mylabaris pustulata Thund
Mylabris macilenta
III Drugs of Mineral origin
Darchikna Hydrargryi perchloridum
Hira Diamond
Ras Kapoor Hydrargryi Subchloridum (calomel)
Shingruf Hydrargryi bisulphuratum
Zangar Cupri subacetas
Sammul-Far (Abyaz Asfar Aswad
and Ahmar)
Arsenic (white yellow black and red)
Tootiya Copper Sulphate
Para Hydrargyrum
Hartal Arsenic trisulphide (yellow)
AYURVEDIC SYSTEMbull Drugs of vegetable originbull Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linnbull Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Aitbull Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn Fbull Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linnbull Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Argbull Dhattura Datura metal Linnbull Gunj Abrus precatirius Linnbull Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linnbull Karaveera Rerium indicum Millbull Langali Gloriosa superba Linnbull Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linnbull Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linnbull Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolmbull Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linnbull Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Hol
AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
bull II Drugs of Animal Origin bull Sarpa Visha Snake poison
bull III Drugs of Mineral Originbull Gauripashana Arsenicbull Hartala Arseno sulphidebull Manahashila Arseno sulphidebull Parada Mercurybull Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridumbull Tuttha Copper sulphatebull Hingula Cinnabarbull Sindura Red oxide of leadbull Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
Synonyms of visha
bull विष हालाहाला बरहमपतर सौरषटरकाहावयमbull परदीपन दीरदीखय काकाला शौकतिका यका bull अविहाछतरम म षशौङग कष डो हामत समत bull तथा विपपपलापतलामकतिलानविन च का लाम-bull VishaHalahalBrahm-putraSourashtrabull PradeepanaDaradaKakolasouktikeyaAhichh
atraMeshshringiKusthaHaimavataPippalabull PatalaMalinaampKambala
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
The First Schedule
Ayurveda1 Arogya Kalpadruma
2 Arka Prakasha
3 Arya Bhishak
4 Ashtanga Hridaya
5 Ashtanga Samgraha
6 Ayurveda Kalpadruma
7 Ayurveda Prakasha
8 Ayurveda Samgraha
9 Bhaishajya Ratnavali
10 Brihat Bhaishajya Ratnakara
11 Bhava Prakasha
12 Brihat Nighantu Ratnakara
13 Charaka Samihita
14 Chakra Datta
15 Gada Nigraha
16 Kupi Pakva Rasayana
17 Nighantu Ratnakara
18 Rasa Chandanshu
19 Rasa Raja Sundara
20 Rasaratna Samuchaya
21 Rasatantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga SangrahamdashPart 1
22 Rasa Tarangini
23 Rasa Yoga Sagara
24 Rasa Yoga Ratnakara
25 Rasa Yoga Samgraha
26 Rasendra Sara Samgraha
27 Rasa Pradipika
28 Sahasrayoga
29 Sarvaroga Chikitsa Ratnam
30 Sarvayoga Chikitsa Ratnam
31 Sharangadhara Samhita
32 Siddha Bhaishajya Manimala
33 Sidha Yoga Samgraha
34 Sushruta Samhita
35 Vaidya Chintamani36 Vaidyaka Shabda Sindu37 Vaidyaka Chikitsa Sara38 Vidya Jiwan39 Vasava Rajeeyam40 Yoga Ratnakara41 Yoga Tarangini42 Yoga Chintamani43 Kashyapasamhita44 Bhelasamhita45 Vishwanathachikitsa46 Vrindachikitsa47 Ayurvedachintamani48 Abhinavachintamani49 Ayurveda-Ratnakara50 Yogaratnasangraha51 Rasamrita52 Dravyagunanighantu53 Rasamanijari54 Banagasena54A Ayurvedic Formulary of India (Part-I)54B Ayurveda Sara Samgraha54C Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
ContihellipSiddha55 Siddha Vaidya Thirattu
56 Therayar Maha Karisal
57 Brahma Muni Karukkadai (300)
58 Bhogar (700)
59 Pulippani (500)
60 Agasthiyar Paripuranam (400)
61 Therayar Yamagam
62 Agasthiyar Chenduram (300)
63 Agasthiyar (1500)
64 Athmarakshamrutham
65 Agasthiyar Pin (80)
66 Agasshiyar Rathna Chrukkam
67 Therayar Karisal (300)
68 Veeramamuni Nasa Kandam
69 Agasthiyar (600)
70 Agasthiyar Kanma Soothiram
71 Siddarrsquos Chillarai Kovai
72 Yog Vatha Kaviyam
73 Therayar Tharu
74 Agasthiyar Vaidya Kaviyam (1500)
75 Bala Vagadam
76 Chimittu Rathna (Rathna) Churukkam
77 Nagamuni (200)
78 Agasthiyar Chillarai Kovai
79 Chikicha Rathna Deepam
80 Agasthiyar Nayana Vidhi
81 Yugi Karisal (151)
82 Agasthiyar Vallathi (600)
83 Therayar Thaila Varkam
84 Siddha Formulary of India (Part I)]
Unani Tibb System1 Karabadin Qadri
2 Karabadin Kabir
3 Karabadin Azam
4 Ilaj-ul-Amraz
5 Al Karabadin
6 Biaz Kabir Vol II
7 Karabadin Jadid
8 Kithalf-ul-Taklis
9 Sanat-ul-Taklis
10 Mifta-ul-Khazain
11 Madan-ul-Aksir
12 Makhzan-ul-murabhat
13 National Formulary of Unani Medicine (Part I)
SCHEDULE E (1)[See Rule 161 (2)]
List of poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic (including Siddha) and Unani Systems of Medicine
A AYURVEDIC SYSTEMDrugs of vegetable origin
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linn
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Gunj Abrus precatirius Linn
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Karaveera Rerium indicum Mill
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linn
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Holm
II Drugs of Animal Origin
Sarpa Visha Snake poison
III Drugs of Mineral Origin
Gauripashana Arsenic
Hartala Arseno sulphide
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Parada Mercury
Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridum
Tuttha Copper sulphate
Hingula Cinnabar
Sindura Red oxide of lead
Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
B SIDDHA SYSTEMAbini Papaver Somniferum Linn
Alari Nerium indicum Mill
Azhavanam Lawsonia inermis Linn
Attru thummatti Citrullis colocynthis Scharad
Anai Kunri Adanathera pavonina Linn
Rattha Polam Aloe barbadensis Mill
Ilaikalli Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Eezhaththalari Plumeria acuminota Ait
Gomatthai Datrua stramonium Linn
Etti Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Ganja Cannabis sativa Linn
Kalappaik Kizhangu Gloriosa superba Linn
Kodikkalli Euphorbia tiruqalli Linn
Chadurakkalli Euphorbia antiquorium Linn
Karia polam Aloe sp
Kattamanakku Jatropha glandulifera Roxb
Kattu thumatti Cucmis trigonus Roxb
Kunri Abrus precotorusu Linn
Cheran Kottai Semicorpus anacardium Linn
Thillai Exoecoria agallocha Linn
Nabi Aconitum ferox Wall
Nervalam Croton tiglium Linn
Pugai Elai Nicotiana tobucum Linn
Marukkarai Randia dumetorum Lam
Mansevikkalli Euphorbia sp
C UNANI SYSTEMI Drugs of vegetable origin
Afiyun Papaver somniferum Linn
Bazrul-banj Hyoscyamus niger Linn
Bish Aconitum chasmanthum Strapfex Holmes
Bhang Cannabis sativa Linn
Charas Canabis sativa Linn
Dhatura seeds Datura metal Linn (seeds)
Kuchla Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Shokran Conium maculatum Linn
II Drugs of Animal origin
Sanp (head) Snake (head)
Telni makkhi Mylabris cichori Linn
Mylabaris pustulata Thund
Mylabris macilenta
III Drugs of Mineral origin
Darchikna Hydrargryi perchloridum
Hira Diamond
Ras Kapoor Hydrargryi Subchloridum (calomel)
Shingruf Hydrargryi bisulphuratum
Zangar Cupri subacetas
Sammul-Far (Abyaz Asfar Aswad
and Ahmar)
Arsenic (white yellow black and red)
Tootiya Copper Sulphate
Para Hydrargyrum
Hartal Arsenic trisulphide (yellow)
AYURVEDIC SYSTEMbull Drugs of vegetable originbull Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linnbull Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Aitbull Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn Fbull Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linnbull Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Argbull Dhattura Datura metal Linnbull Gunj Abrus precatirius Linnbull Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linnbull Karaveera Rerium indicum Millbull Langali Gloriosa superba Linnbull Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linnbull Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linnbull Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolmbull Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linnbull Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Hol
AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
bull II Drugs of Animal Origin bull Sarpa Visha Snake poison
bull III Drugs of Mineral Originbull Gauripashana Arsenicbull Hartala Arseno sulphidebull Manahashila Arseno sulphidebull Parada Mercurybull Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridumbull Tuttha Copper sulphatebull Hingula Cinnabarbull Sindura Red oxide of leadbull Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
Synonyms of visha
bull विष हालाहाला बरहमपतर सौरषटरकाहावयमbull परदीपन दीरदीखय काकाला शौकतिका यका bull अविहाछतरम म षशौङग कष डो हामत समत bull तथा विपपपलापतलामकतिलानविन च का लाम-bull VishaHalahalBrahm-putraSourashtrabull PradeepanaDaradaKakolasouktikeyaAhichh
atraMeshshringiKusthaHaimavataPippalabull PatalaMalinaampKambala
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
ContihellipSiddha55 Siddha Vaidya Thirattu
56 Therayar Maha Karisal
57 Brahma Muni Karukkadai (300)
58 Bhogar (700)
59 Pulippani (500)
60 Agasthiyar Paripuranam (400)
61 Therayar Yamagam
62 Agasthiyar Chenduram (300)
63 Agasthiyar (1500)
64 Athmarakshamrutham
65 Agasthiyar Pin (80)
66 Agasshiyar Rathna Chrukkam
67 Therayar Karisal (300)
68 Veeramamuni Nasa Kandam
69 Agasthiyar (600)
70 Agasthiyar Kanma Soothiram
71 Siddarrsquos Chillarai Kovai
72 Yog Vatha Kaviyam
73 Therayar Tharu
74 Agasthiyar Vaidya Kaviyam (1500)
75 Bala Vagadam
76 Chimittu Rathna (Rathna) Churukkam
77 Nagamuni (200)
78 Agasthiyar Chillarai Kovai
79 Chikicha Rathna Deepam
80 Agasthiyar Nayana Vidhi
81 Yugi Karisal (151)
82 Agasthiyar Vallathi (600)
83 Therayar Thaila Varkam
84 Siddha Formulary of India (Part I)]
Unani Tibb System1 Karabadin Qadri
2 Karabadin Kabir
3 Karabadin Azam
4 Ilaj-ul-Amraz
5 Al Karabadin
6 Biaz Kabir Vol II
7 Karabadin Jadid
8 Kithalf-ul-Taklis
9 Sanat-ul-Taklis
10 Mifta-ul-Khazain
11 Madan-ul-Aksir
12 Makhzan-ul-murabhat
13 National Formulary of Unani Medicine (Part I)
SCHEDULE E (1)[See Rule 161 (2)]
List of poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic (including Siddha) and Unani Systems of Medicine
A AYURVEDIC SYSTEMDrugs of vegetable origin
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linn
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Gunj Abrus precatirius Linn
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Karaveera Rerium indicum Mill
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linn
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Holm
II Drugs of Animal Origin
Sarpa Visha Snake poison
III Drugs of Mineral Origin
Gauripashana Arsenic
Hartala Arseno sulphide
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Parada Mercury
Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridum
Tuttha Copper sulphate
Hingula Cinnabar
Sindura Red oxide of lead
Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
B SIDDHA SYSTEMAbini Papaver Somniferum Linn
Alari Nerium indicum Mill
Azhavanam Lawsonia inermis Linn
Attru thummatti Citrullis colocynthis Scharad
Anai Kunri Adanathera pavonina Linn
Rattha Polam Aloe barbadensis Mill
Ilaikalli Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Eezhaththalari Plumeria acuminota Ait
Gomatthai Datrua stramonium Linn
Etti Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Ganja Cannabis sativa Linn
Kalappaik Kizhangu Gloriosa superba Linn
Kodikkalli Euphorbia tiruqalli Linn
Chadurakkalli Euphorbia antiquorium Linn
Karia polam Aloe sp
Kattamanakku Jatropha glandulifera Roxb
Kattu thumatti Cucmis trigonus Roxb
Kunri Abrus precotorusu Linn
Cheran Kottai Semicorpus anacardium Linn
Thillai Exoecoria agallocha Linn
Nabi Aconitum ferox Wall
Nervalam Croton tiglium Linn
Pugai Elai Nicotiana tobucum Linn
Marukkarai Randia dumetorum Lam
Mansevikkalli Euphorbia sp
C UNANI SYSTEMI Drugs of vegetable origin
Afiyun Papaver somniferum Linn
Bazrul-banj Hyoscyamus niger Linn
Bish Aconitum chasmanthum Strapfex Holmes
Bhang Cannabis sativa Linn
Charas Canabis sativa Linn
Dhatura seeds Datura metal Linn (seeds)
Kuchla Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Shokran Conium maculatum Linn
II Drugs of Animal origin
Sanp (head) Snake (head)
Telni makkhi Mylabris cichori Linn
Mylabaris pustulata Thund
Mylabris macilenta
III Drugs of Mineral origin
Darchikna Hydrargryi perchloridum
Hira Diamond
Ras Kapoor Hydrargryi Subchloridum (calomel)
Shingruf Hydrargryi bisulphuratum
Zangar Cupri subacetas
Sammul-Far (Abyaz Asfar Aswad
and Ahmar)
Arsenic (white yellow black and red)
Tootiya Copper Sulphate
Para Hydrargyrum
Hartal Arsenic trisulphide (yellow)
AYURVEDIC SYSTEMbull Drugs of vegetable originbull Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linnbull Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Aitbull Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn Fbull Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linnbull Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Argbull Dhattura Datura metal Linnbull Gunj Abrus precatirius Linnbull Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linnbull Karaveera Rerium indicum Millbull Langali Gloriosa superba Linnbull Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linnbull Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linnbull Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolmbull Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linnbull Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Hol
AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
bull II Drugs of Animal Origin bull Sarpa Visha Snake poison
bull III Drugs of Mineral Originbull Gauripashana Arsenicbull Hartala Arseno sulphidebull Manahashila Arseno sulphidebull Parada Mercurybull Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridumbull Tuttha Copper sulphatebull Hingula Cinnabarbull Sindura Red oxide of leadbull Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
Synonyms of visha
bull विष हालाहाला बरहमपतर सौरषटरकाहावयमbull परदीपन दीरदीखय काकाला शौकतिका यका bull अविहाछतरम म षशौङग कष डो हामत समत bull तथा विपपपलापतलामकतिलानविन च का लाम-bull VishaHalahalBrahm-putraSourashtrabull PradeepanaDaradaKakolasouktikeyaAhichh
atraMeshshringiKusthaHaimavataPippalabull PatalaMalinaampKambala
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
SCHEDULE E (1)[See Rule 161 (2)]
List of poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic (including Siddha) and Unani Systems of Medicine
A AYURVEDIC SYSTEMDrugs of vegetable origin
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linn
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Gunj Abrus precatirius Linn
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Karaveera Rerium indicum Mill
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linn
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Holm
II Drugs of Animal Origin
Sarpa Visha Snake poison
III Drugs of Mineral Origin
Gauripashana Arsenic
Hartala Arseno sulphide
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Parada Mercury
Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridum
Tuttha Copper sulphate
Hingula Cinnabar
Sindura Red oxide of lead
Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
B SIDDHA SYSTEMAbini Papaver Somniferum Linn
Alari Nerium indicum Mill
Azhavanam Lawsonia inermis Linn
Attru thummatti Citrullis colocynthis Scharad
Anai Kunri Adanathera pavonina Linn
Rattha Polam Aloe barbadensis Mill
Ilaikalli Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
Eezhaththalari Plumeria acuminota Ait
Gomatthai Datrua stramonium Linn
Etti Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Ganja Cannabis sativa Linn
Kalappaik Kizhangu Gloriosa superba Linn
Kodikkalli Euphorbia tiruqalli Linn
Chadurakkalli Euphorbia antiquorium Linn
Karia polam Aloe sp
Kattamanakku Jatropha glandulifera Roxb
Kattu thumatti Cucmis trigonus Roxb
Kunri Abrus precotorusu Linn
Cheran Kottai Semicorpus anacardium Linn
Thillai Exoecoria agallocha Linn
Nabi Aconitum ferox Wall
Nervalam Croton tiglium Linn
Pugai Elai Nicotiana tobucum Linn
Marukkarai Randia dumetorum Lam
Mansevikkalli Euphorbia sp
C UNANI SYSTEMI Drugs of vegetable origin
Afiyun Papaver somniferum Linn
Bazrul-banj Hyoscyamus niger Linn
Bish Aconitum chasmanthum Strapfex Holmes
Bhang Cannabis sativa Linn
Charas Canabis sativa Linn
Dhatura seeds Datura metal Linn (seeds)
Kuchla Strychnos nuxvomica Linn
Shokran Conium maculatum Linn
II Drugs of Animal origin
Sanp (head) Snake (head)
Telni makkhi Mylabris cichori Linn
Mylabaris pustulata Thund
Mylabris macilenta
III Drugs of Mineral origin
Darchikna Hydrargryi perchloridum
Hira Diamond
Ras Kapoor Hydrargryi Subchloridum (calomel)
Shingruf Hydrargryi bisulphuratum
Zangar Cupri subacetas
Sammul-Far (Abyaz Asfar Aswad
and Ahmar)
Arsenic (white yellow black and red)
Tootiya Copper Sulphate
Para Hydrargyrum
Hartal Arsenic trisulphide (yellow)
AYURVEDIC SYSTEMbull Drugs of vegetable originbull Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linnbull Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Aitbull Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn Fbull Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linnbull Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Argbull Dhattura Datura metal Linnbull Gunj Abrus precatirius Linnbull Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linnbull Karaveera Rerium indicum Millbull Langali Gloriosa superba Linnbull Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linnbull Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linnbull Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolmbull Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linnbull Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Hol
AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
bull II Drugs of Animal Origin bull Sarpa Visha Snake poison
bull III Drugs of Mineral Originbull Gauripashana Arsenicbull Hartala Arseno sulphidebull Manahashila Arseno sulphidebull Parada Mercurybull Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridumbull Tuttha Copper sulphatebull Hingula Cinnabarbull Sindura Red oxide of leadbull Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
Synonyms of visha
bull विष हालाहाला बरहमपतर सौरषटरकाहावयमbull परदीपन दीरदीखय काकाला शौकतिका यका bull अविहाछतरम म षशौङग कष डो हामत समत bull तथा विपपपलापतलामकतिलानविन च का लाम-bull VishaHalahalBrahm-putraSourashtrabull PradeepanaDaradaKakolasouktikeyaAhichh
atraMeshshringiKusthaHaimavataPippalabull PatalaMalinaampKambala
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
AYURVEDIC SYSTEMbull Drugs of vegetable originbull Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linnbull Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Aitbull Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn Fbull Bhanga Cannabia eativa Linnbull Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Argbull Dhattura Datura metal Linnbull Gunj Abrus precatirius Linnbull Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linnbull Karaveera Rerium indicum Millbull Langali Gloriosa superba Linnbull Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar Linnbull Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linnbull Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolmbull Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linnbull Shringivisha Acontium chasmanthum Stapfex Hol
AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
bull II Drugs of Animal Origin bull Sarpa Visha Snake poison
bull III Drugs of Mineral Originbull Gauripashana Arsenicbull Hartala Arseno sulphidebull Manahashila Arseno sulphidebull Parada Mercurybull Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridumbull Tuttha Copper sulphatebull Hingula Cinnabarbull Sindura Red oxide of leadbull Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
Synonyms of visha
bull विष हालाहाला बरहमपतर सौरषटरकाहावयमbull परदीपन दीरदीखय काकाला शौकतिका यका bull अविहाछतरम म षशौङग कष डो हामत समत bull तथा विपपपलापतलामकतिलानविन च का लाम-bull VishaHalahalBrahm-putraSourashtrabull PradeepanaDaradaKakolasouktikeyaAhichh
atraMeshshringiKusthaHaimavataPippalabull PatalaMalinaampKambala
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
AYURVEDIC SYSTEM
bull II Drugs of Animal Origin bull Sarpa Visha Snake poison
bull III Drugs of Mineral Originbull Gauripashana Arsenicbull Hartala Arseno sulphidebull Manahashila Arseno sulphidebull Parada Mercurybull Rasa Karpura Hydrargyri subchloridumbull Tuttha Copper sulphatebull Hingula Cinnabarbull Sindura Red oxide of leadbull Girisindura Red oxide of mercury
Synonyms of visha
bull विष हालाहाला बरहमपतर सौरषटरकाहावयमbull परदीपन दीरदीखय काकाला शौकतिका यका bull अविहाछतरम म षशौङग कष डो हामत समत bull तथा विपपपलापतलामकतिलानविन च का लाम-bull VishaHalahalBrahm-putraSourashtrabull PradeepanaDaradaKakolasouktikeyaAhichh
atraMeshshringiKusthaHaimavataPippalabull PatalaMalinaampKambala
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Synonyms of visha
bull विष हालाहाला बरहमपतर सौरषटरकाहावयमbull परदीपन दीरदीखय काकाला शौकतिका यका bull अविहाछतरम म षशौङग कष डो हामत समत bull तथा विपपपलापतलामकतिलानविन च का लाम-bull VishaHalahalBrahm-putraSourashtrabull PradeepanaDaradaKakolasouktikeyaAhichh
atraMeshshringiKusthaHaimavataPippalabull PatalaMalinaampKambala
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
VishaThe word Visha is derived from the root lsquovisrsquo (vyaptau) having lsquoktrsquopratyaya which means to encompass or to get fully pervaded or to get occupied Thus the one which pervades the whole body
immediately after ingestion is called as Visha2 A substance which causes sadness to the world isalso called as visha Hence visha dravya may be defined as a substance which is life threatening or produces many other complications and brings about sadness
other complications and brings about sadness
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
VishaampBheshja
In Ayurvedic classics after proper processing many visha dravyas are used as aushadha dravya because dose differentiates a drug from poison a medicine at one dosecan serve as visha or poison at the other Hence a substance which is fatal at relatively smaller dose can be considered as visha Visha dravyas are attributed with certain properties which are responsible for its fatality insmaller dose Action of visha ie poison in context of its gunas vega lakshanas and dhatugata lakshanas is very elaborately explained in Ayurvedic texts Visha when used by proper yukti (justification) can be converted to bheshaja
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
contd
The treatment of visha vegas in a very systematic manner according to twenty four upakramas are also explained in different texts These vega- lakshanas and upakramas too depend on the gunas and gati of visha So to understand Ayurvedic concept of visha it is necessary to understand its gunas Authors of different classical texts of Ayurveda described their view regarding the types properties actions of visha dravya and their management in a scattered manner
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Brief HistoryThe history of visha (poison) and its treatment ways back to centuries The mythological concept regarding origin of visha states that it was created at the time of creation of universe by lord Bramha Some opine that it was obtained during samudra manthana References regarding visha or poison and poisoning can also be traced in Vedas In Atharvaveda (1500 BC)description of two types of visha ie sthavara and jangama and their management through mantrachikitsa is narrated In Ramayana (500 BC) Rama and Lakshmana were treated for poisoning by Vaidya Sushena with the help of Sanjeevani vidyaa along with four types of herbs from Himalaya In Mahabharata (400 BC13) poisoned Bhima was treated by the sarpavisha Further a conversation between Kashyapa and Takshaka regarding treatment of poisoing (vishachikitsa) is also reported in Mahabharata Brahmavaivarta Purana (351) (600 BC to 700 AD) also narrates the conversation between Dhanvantari and Nagadevi which gives information about condition of Vishachikitsa at that time In Kautiliya Arthashastra(363 BC) a book not related to toxicology many references regarding visha particularly description regarding kalakuta vatsanabha halahala meshasringa musta kushtha mahavisha vellitaka gaurardra balaka markata haimavata kalingakadaradaka kolasaraka ushtraka are mentioned Ayurveda dedicated one of its branches as Danshtrachikitsa Agadatantra Vishatantra Vishagaravairodhikaprashamana which is dedicated solely to the concept and treatment of visha These references provide ample evidence to prove that toxicology was a well developed branch in ancient India
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Classification
Visha basing upon its origin has been classified into two categories viz Jangamavisha (animal poison) and Sthavaravisha (plant and mineral poisons)The sites of Sthavaravisha and jangamavisha are narrated as ten and sixteen respectivelyFurther it is also classified asAkritrimavisha(naturalpoison) AndkritrimavishaGaravisha (unnatural or chemically prepared poison) Akritrima visha is again sub divided into two ie sthavara and jangamaCertain texts of Rasashastra and Dravyaguna classified visha in various manners like mahavisha-upavisha etc
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
विषसच वितरविध परह सथार जङगम गरम
bull दीशौधिधसठानमदयञच वि7त8य षडोसौसरयbull गरञच का वितरम पर विरदधम भोजनदिदीका bull मgtला पतर फला पषप तका- कषी8र सौर ए च bull विनयDसौ धतशच कानदीसच सथारशरयHbull दधिषटरविनशवासौशौज नखमgtतरपर8षजHbull शौकर लालातDदीनषटराःH मखसौदीनश(वि)शौरधिधPतHbull तणडोसथिसथाविपततशौgtकासच षडोशौ वित परकाTरतितPतH bull रसौधिमतर
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Sources of poison
bull three varities of poisonbull 1Sthavar2 Jangam 3Garabull 1 sthavar 10 sources-(Root leave
FruitFlowerBarklactateExudate wood metals ampTubers)
bull 2 jangam 16 sources-(sightRespirationDead bodytouchteethMouthNailBoneUrineStoolSemenMenseSalivaStingeBileBlood)
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
कानदी विषbull सौ का कालाकाgt टच कतिसौतमसत तथा च bull शौङग का षण विषञच पञचत त महाविषHbull गरनथानतर (र त )हालाहालाHसौ का कालाकाgt टशौङगपरदीपथातसौनभोHसौबरहमपतरसचहारिरदरकासचसौरधिषटराःकाशच वितविषनसयHरसौसौर मयgtरम कालाकाgt टञच सौ का विनदका तथा तसौनभो सौनभोञच सौखनभो सौमङगलाम-शौङग काका]टकाम मसत पषकारम- शौकलाकानदीकार शौङग हारिरदर च विषम- हालाहाला तथा
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
रसौ नदर चgtडोमणिण
bull अषटरदीशौविधम- जञ य कानदीज परथाम विष bull कालाकाgt ट मयgtरखय विनदका सौ का तथा bull बालाका बातसौनभोञच शौङ- खनभो सौमङगलाम- bull शौङग मकाD टकाम मसत कादीDम पषकारम- कतिशौख8 bull हारिरदर हारिरत चकर विष हालाहाला तथा
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Various strong poisons
Saktukakalkootasita-mustashringiampkrishna(5)Other acharya(9)Halahalsaktukakala-kootashringiPradeepaVatsanabhaBrahmaputraHaridrakaSourastrikaRasasara(18)MayurakalkootashaktukaBindukaVatsNabhSunabhaSankhaNabhSumangalashringikarkotakaMustakPushkarShuklakandaRaktashringaHaridraVishHalahalaRasendra chudamani(18)kalkootaMayurVinduksaktukvalukvatsnabhshankhnabhsumangalshringimarkatakamustakardampushkarshikhiHaridraharit chakrahalahal
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Therapeutically useful species
bull सौ का मषतका शौङग बालाका सौषDपहावयbull तसौनभोञच काgt मDञच शवा तशौङग तथाषटरमम- bull 1saktuka------------2Mustaka-Cyprus Rotandusbull 3 shringi--------------4 Baluka ---------------------bull 5sarsapa--------------6 kurma---------------------bull 7shvet shringi--------8 vatsanabha-Aconite
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Properties of Poisonरकषीमषण तथा त8कषणम सौgtकषममशौ वयधिय च विकाशौ8 विसौरनचच लाबधपकाT च ततसमत तदरकषयतकापय 7य मषणयतपितपतत सौ शौणिणत मनसौम- महाय तकषणयत- अङग बानधःH कतिछनतयविपशौर8रयन सौकषमयतपरविशौ त- विकारवित च आशौतदीशौ तदी-घनतपिनत वययत परका तितP भोज त-कषीरय चच विकाकतिशौतदी दीषनधःत मलानविपसौयDदीवितरिरचय त दसथिसचविकातसयसच लाघत दजDर चविपविकातत- तसमत- कला शौयत कतिचर सौदय वयपदीय तततत जञ य दीशौगणतपिनतम- हयषटर ग परजयनत सौहासौ विष शौ8कतिलानH
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Stage wise symptoms
परशौमH परथाम ग वि7त8य पथाभोD त दीहा ग तत8य त चतgtथाo च विच धिषटरत फ ननत पञचम ग षषठ सकानधः परभोञजनजडोत सौपतम ग मरण चषटरम भो त- विष गविनवितजञत मनतरदरवयरतिPनशौय त अवितमतर यदी भो तदीत टनकाणम- विपबा त-
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Management
रजनr म घनदीञच सौपDकषिकषीP घततपिनत कतिलाहा दी मधसौरतिपPभय चgtरणिणPत अजDनतका वितमतर विष भो मन कारय त बाधH अज दगध परदीदयचच तपिनत विनगरहाणय मन रजिजका चgtणDलाणरिर शौ8लानत मदीनसयफला न वित म8न- धतबानविप
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Technique for Human consumption
वितरशौgtकतिलाकाम अशवागनधःम- गजिजहाम वितरफ़लाम- तथापरथाम भोकषीधियत च सौ य जिदध विषम रम बरहमचयy परयतन न विषकालप सौदीचर त- गवयकषी8र घत प य शौलयनन भोकषीय त सौदी जङगलाविन च मनसौविन छगलाविन तथा च शौकाD र मणिकषीका च शौ8त दरवय च सौ य त
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Dose for consumption
परथाम सौषDप8मतर वि7त8य सौषDप7य तत8य च चतgtथाo च पञचम दिदीसौ तथा षषठ च सौपतम च कर दधया विधDय त- सौपत सौषDप मतर ण परथाम सौपतका भोज त- करम हानय तथा सौ वय वि7त8य सौपतका विष यमतरम- तथा दी य तत8य सौपतका करमत- जिदध हानय च दीतवय चतgtथाo सौपतका तथा य मतर गरसौ तससथा गञज मतरञच का षठन
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Season of consumption
bull विष यजय मदिदीत भोन सौदी शौ8त सौनतयH bull गर8षम चतयधिधका वयध ण षDसौ न दरदिदीPन
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Dorsquos during consumption
bull घत कषी8र कतिसौत कषीदर गधgtम कतिसौदध तणडोला bull मरिरच सौनधः दरकषी मधर पनका विहाम bull बरहमचयy विहाम दी शौ विहाम काला विहाम जला bull शर षठ सौo भोज ननgtन विहातय विषभोकषीकाH
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Donrsquots during consumption
bull काट-मला लाण तला दिदीसपनानलातपन- bull जDय दीधिधकाहार नपनावित मतयतभोय
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
जDन8य विषणिण
bull कालाकाgt ट म षशौङग हालाहालाशच दीदDरमbull काकाD ट मकाD टम- गरनथिनथा हारिरदर रणिशरविङगकाbull का शौर दीशौमच वित जDन8यणिभोषगरHbull कतिचतरमतपला कानदीभो सौविपषटर सौ त भो त- bull सौ कानत विजन8यदिघy ग महालणम-
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
PharmacologyampTherapeutics
तसौनभो काट स दयम- वित मgtतर लम च आगन य दी-नघन च सौदीनम- शौgtलानशौनअणिभोघत रज हातपिनत विषपy काफजन गदीन आमत महाघर हदरगमविप दीरणम-पणडोर8का सौविषफ़टम- शवा तमदमबार तथा कतिछनन णिभोननसच कापला सथिकलाननहा शौगनथिनधः विहा
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Importance of Sodhana
The poisonous plants reported in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda are being still practiced widely in a number of diseases after proper Shodhana (purificatory procedures) Ayurvedic physicians successfully employed these drugs after proper Shodhana (processing) known as Samaskara The concept of Shodhana was mentioned for the first time in Charaka Samhita in the context of Danti Dravanti Kalpadhyaya To reduce the lsquoVikasirsquo property of Danti rootCharaka mentioned it as lsquoSamaskararsquo Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned the Shodhana of plant drugs in detail in the context of Bhallataka Rasayana and Bhallataka The concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda is not only a process of purificationdetoxification but also a purificatory procedure to enhance the potency an efficacy of the drug It is reported that Aconite (Vatsanabha) purified by cowrsquos urine is converted to cardiac stimulant whereas raw Aconite is cardiac depressant It is clearly mentioned in lsquoBhava Prakasarsquo that the badtoxic effects attributed to lsquoAsodhita Visasrsquo are minimized when these are used after being subjected to lsquoSodhanarsquo process Hence lsquoVishasrsquo should be subjected for lsquoSodhanarsquo before being used in therapeutics
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
vatsanabha formulations in AFI Part I
bull 846 Mahavishgarbha Tel (SlNo5457)bull 8a8 LaghuVishgarbha Tel(8)bull 856 VranaRakshas Tel(7)bull 121 AgniTundiVati(2)bull 124 Kasturyadi(Vayu)Gutika(37)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati (1)bull 1232 SankhaVati(10)bull 1233 Sowbhagya Vati(2)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati(10)bull 202 Ashvakanchuki Ras(4)bull 203 Anandbhairav Ras(2)bull 208 Kaphaketu Ras(4)
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Contd Vatsanabha AFI-Ibull 2018 Jvararyabhra Ras(5)bull 2020 TribhvanKirtiRas(2)bull 2022 NagvallabhaRas(10)bull 2023 PrabhakarRas(4)bull 2028 Maha Vat GajankushRas(13)bull 2037 LaghvanandRas(4)bull 2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(3)bull 2024 VatVidhvanshanRas(14)bull 2049 SvasKutharRas(3)bull 2051 Svarna BhupatiRas(9)bull 2052 SutShekharRas(4)bull 2053 shuchika BharanRas(4)
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Visha Dravya (Poisonous Substances)
In spite of their fatal effect many visha dravyas are used as medicines eg many of the of the poisonous plants as well as rasaushadhis which are reported for their toxic nature but they are used after proper processing widely in the treatment without any adverse effects as they are effective in small doses to cure the diseasesVisha dravyas along with their undesirable properties are also incorporated with certain desirable properties by which they act faster than other medicines or plantsFurther to make these properties therapeutically effective certain shodhana (purificatory) procedures are explained in the classical texts which may be helpful for diminution of toxic properties of the poisonous substances
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gunas (Properties) of Visha
Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have enumerated ten similar gunas of visha with an exception of apaaki (Sushruta) being replaced by anirdeshya rasa (Charaka)A visha dravya having all these ten gunas to its maximum extent is called as mahavisha while those having these gunas to a smaller extent or less than ten gunas are termed as upavishas Acharya Vagbhata has attributed eleven gunas to a visha dravya by including apaki and Avyaktarasa (instead of anirdeshya rasa) Sharngadhara(13th century AD) has stated certain extragunas of visha dravya like chhedi madavaha jivitahara and yogavahi
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Visha Dravya and its ActionOn the basis of the actions on various components of body the probable mode of action of a visha dravya has been described in Ayurveda It produces distress of the body constituents burning sensation and putrefaction Vishada guna does not contain any mucous nature and doesnrsquot stop anywhere in the body passes through all the doshas resulting in their vitiation In this way visha leads to vitiation of all the three doshas and becomes complicated to treat Vikasi guna breaks the bonding between various dhatus and brings about looseness in the dhatus (dhatushaithilya) and resulting in their improper function Activity of a visha dravya depends on the dominance of its possessing guna For instance the domination of ruksha guna will lead to the vitiation of vata domination of sukshma guna lead to vitiation of rakta dhatu as compared to others while domination of tikshna guna will lead to the impairment of three marmas of the body ieshira hridaya and basti and may lead to murchha sanyasa and other symptoms of marmaghata
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Visha vis a vis Madya
Classical text of Ayurveda attributed ten common gunasto both Madya and visha where the intensity of the Gunaof visha is more than that of madyaStudy of visha gunas is necessary for its treatment Since the basis of treatment is samanya-vishesha siddhanta a drug or diet which is opposite in the properties as that of the disease should be used for its treatment
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Treatement Principle for vishaTreatment of any ailment is prescribed to be done throughdaivavyapashraya yuktivyapashraya satvavajaya and Vishachikitsa is not differentDaivavyapashraya chikitsa has got the first position while treating poisoning in the form of mantra Along with this it also consists of manaschihkitsa ie ashvasana which is very important while treating snake bite During yuktivyapashraya chikitsaFor the management of visha the drug or formulation used must be of opposite guna as that of visha or similar to the guna of ojaAccordingly it can be presumed that all the dravyas of jivaniya gana can be used for the treatment of vishaas Oja which gets vitiated due to vishaprayoga should be brought back to its normalcy by these drugs Ghrita is the substance which has similar gunas as that of oja is useful in treating such conditions Due to its yogavahi natureas it can acquire the gunas of the substance with which it is mixed without losing its own gunas and also attributed with the vishahara property So it can be used as the best media for treating visha conditionsDue to its madhura snigdha shita mrudu shlakshna ojasyajivaniya gunas which acts to pacify vishaGoghrita is considered as superior Acharyas have also explained use of various formulations in toxic conditions These formulations are called as agada
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Review of Literature for visha amp Upavisha
bull In literature lsquoRasarnavarsquo appears to be the first text to mention about lsquoVisarsquo lsquoUpavisarsquo classification AfterlsquoRasarnavarsquo lsquoRasa Ratnakararsquo lsquoRasendra Cudamanirsquo andlsquoRasa Ratna Samucchayarsquo have mentioned about five lsquoVisasrsquowhile other texts like lsquoRasendra Cintamanirsquo lsquoSarngadharaSamhitarsquo Bhava Prakasa and Ayurveda Prakasa have enumerated nine dravyas as lsquoVisasrsquo The Author oflsquoRasataranginirsquo (20th A D) described only lsquoVatsanabharsquo inlsquoVisarsquo group considering its medicinal importance common availability and frequent use in therapeutics The other drugs of poisonous nature have been included in lsquoUpavisarsquo group by this text The literary review on the subject revealed that there is a difference of opinion amongst the authors regarding the drugs of lsquoUpavisarsquo group lsquoRasarnava Kararsquo mentioned five dravyas in lsquoupavisa group while lsquoRasaratnaSamucchaya Kararsquo and lsquoRasendra Cintamani Kararsquoenumerated seven drugs in later texts like lsquoAyurvedaPrakasarsquo and lsquoYogaratnakararsquo it is raised up to nine while inlsquoRasa Tarangini it has gone up to eleven
bull Thus historically there seems to be a gradual increase in the number of poisonous herbs which means more and more drugs have been recognized for their poisonous nature as the time passed
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
1 Snuhi ksheera
+ - + + + + - + - +
2 ArkaKsheera
+ + + + + + + + - +
3 Dhatura
+ + + + + + + + + +
4 Karveera
+ + + + + + + + + +
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
5 Langali
+ + + + halini + + + + +
6 Vishmushti
- + - - + - + + + +
7 Vijaya
- + - - - - + - + +
8 Nilaka
- + - - - - - - + +
9 Gunja
- - + + - + + + - +
10 Ahiphena
- - + + - + + + - +
11 Jayapal
- - - - - - - + - +
Sl UPVISHA
Rasarnava
RRS RCi BP R Sa Ka
RKD AyP YR Sutapradi
RaTar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Various Sodhana Procedures Mentioned for Upavisha
Review of Ayurvedic literature reveals that the following lsquoSodhana proceduresrsquo have been mentioned for different lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs(i) Gomutra Nimajjana (soaking in cowrsquos urine) for a prescribed period (ii) Swedana (boiling) in different liquids such as cowrsquos milk Goatrsquos milk
cowrsquos urine vegetable extractives and Kanjika etc (iii) Bharjana (frying) with ghee or without ghee(iv) Bhavana (Maceration trituration) with vegetable extractives(v) Nishshehana (reducing of oily content) (vi) Ksalana (washing) with
hot water VI Nistvacikarana (Decortications) Among the above procedures the treatment with cowrsquos urine and boiling in cowrsquos milk are the most common procedures applied for almost all the lsquoVisopavisarsquo drugs
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Ahipena Papaver somniferum Linn
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Papaver somniferum Linn The opium obtained from the fruits is bitter astringent sweet constipating aphrodisiacsedative somniferous narcotic myotic antispasmodicsudorific and nervine tonic It is useful in cough feverinflammatory affections of eye otitis proctalgia and low back pain due to diarrhoea and dysentery It is good for internal haemorrhages decrease secretions restrain tissue changes and used as analgesic It beneficial in migrainemalaria dysmenorrhoea cystitis menorrhagia and other painful conditions Opium (the in bspissated milky juice from immature capsules) is a soporific drug given either alone or as an adjunct in the preparation of various medicines It acts on the CNS induces sleep relieves paindevelops euphoria and highly toxic in large doses Opium available in the market is purified by steeping in cold water for 5-6 h The insoluble brown latex finds application in the Ayurvedic medicine It is prophylactic in post-operative period (50-60 mgday) Vapours of boiling water mixed with small doses of opium is useful in conjunctivitisCamphorated opium (11) is an excellent pain killer in sprainHowever it is contraindicated for people suffering from asthma cardiac and urinary bladder diseases Seed oil free from narcotic principles is useful in diarrhoea and dysentery At the present time opium in combination with other drugs is used in diabetes An infusion of the capsules is used as a soothing application for bruises inflammatory swellings sometimes in painful conjunctivitis inflammation of ear irritant cough and sleeplessness The petals are bitter expectorant sudorific diaphoretic analgesic and sedativeThe plant is stimulant fattening tonic and beautifies thecomplexion
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
FOrmulations of opium in AFI part I
bull 17 Ahiphenasava(2)bull 112 kacchoradi churnam(28)bull 122 Ashtakshari Gutika (1)bull 207 karpura Rasa(2)
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Arka Calotropis gigantea (linn)R Br ex Ait
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
ArkaCalotropis procera is small erect and compact shrub which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases This shrub has been known to possess analgesic antitumor antihelmintic antioxidant hepatoprotective anti diarrhoeal anticonvulsant antimicrobial oestrogenic antinociceptive and anti malarial activity All the parts viz root stem leaf and flowers of Calotropis are in common use in indigenous system of medicineCompounds derived from the plant have been found to have emeto-cathartic and digitalic properties The principal active medicines are asclepin and mudarin Other compounds have been found to have bactericidal and vermicidal properties The latex contains a proteolytic enzyme called caloptropaineAn infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment and cure of leprosy and elephantiasis It is inadvisable to use bark that has been kept for more than a yearThe root bark is an emetic the flower a digestive and a tonic is used for asthma and catarrh Bark and wood stimulate lactation in cattle46 Roots (extremely poisonous) are applied for snakebite The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic The latex is used for treating ringworm guinea worm blisters scorpion stings venereal sores and ophthalmic disorders also used as alaxative Its use in India in the treatment of skin diseases it has caused severe bullous dermatitis leading sometimes to hypertrophic scars The local effect of the latex on the conjunctiva l congestion epiphora and local anaesthesia The twigs are applied for the preparation of diuretics stomach tonic and anti-diarrhoetics and for asthma Also used in abortion as an anthelmintic for colic cough whooping cough dysenteryheadache lice treatment jaundice sore gums and mouth toothache sterility swellings and ulcer Root bark of C procera exerts anti proliferative action against Hep2 cells via apoptotic and cell cycle disruption based mechanismThe latex is used as an abortifacient spasmogenic and carminative properties anti dysentric anti syphilitic anti rheumatic antifungal mullusccide diaphoretic and for the treatment of leprosy bronchial asthma and skin affection Different parts of the plant have been reported to possess a number of biological activities such as proteolytic antimicrobial larvicidal nematocidal anticancer anti- inflammatiory action Its flowers possess digestive and tonic properties On the contrary the powdered root bark has been reported to give relief in diarrhoea and dysentery The root of the plant is used as a carminative in the treatment of dyspepsia The root bark and leaves of Calotropis procera are used by various tribes of central India as a curative agentfor jaundice
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Arka formulations in AFI-Ibull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita (17)bull 816 Chitrakadi tel (2)bull 830 Prabhanjana vimardana tel (5)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh tel(32)bull 853 Vajraka Tel(4)bull 860SaidhvadiTel(2)bull 101 ArkaLavana(1)bull 103 AbhayaLavan(3)bull 104 AbhayaLavana(3)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasma Kshara(4)bull 1012 Vajra kshara(10amp8)bull 206 Ekangaveer Rasa(21)bull 2024 BrihatKasturiBhairavRas(9)bull 2045 Vat Vidhvansana Ras(21)bull 2054 SutikaBharanRas(14)
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn F
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
BhallatakaSemecarpus anacardium Linn belongs to the family Anacardiaceae also called the ldquomarking nut has been evaluated pharmacologically the following actions Vardhaman yoga of S anacardium when administered for 4 weeks shows positive response in periarticular arthritis of shoulder Sciatic neuralgia and early stage of rheumatoid arthritis along with spondylitis Bhallaka has been evaluated pharmacologically on the isolated tissue and the whole animal Anticancer anti-inflammatory anti arthritic and antioxidant activity have been reported in experimental animals Very few studies have been reported on hypolipidaemic hypoglycaemic anti atherogenic antifungal anti fertility and neuroprotective activityAnti inflammatory and anti arthritic activity of milk extract and chloroform extract have been documented in rats and miceOil rich fraction of water extract of nut shows inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitic acid production It has significant effect against FeSO4 induced lipid per oxidation with alcohol extractThe biflavonoids from the stem bark shows dose dependant anti inflammatory activity in carageenan induced paw oedema comparable to that of ibuprofen Nut extract demonstrated antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on the compounds of the immune system in adjuvant induced arthritisEffective regulation of cartilage metabolism and bone turn over in experimental model of arthritis by the nut milk extract has been demonstrated Cytotoxic effect on the cell of P388 lymphocytic leukaemia was demonstrated by acetylated oil of the nut Anti mutagenic activity has been shown by lsquoAmes testrsquo with water alcohol and oil extract of nut
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Formulations in AFI Part Ibull 125 Madhukasava(4)bull 36 Kutajavaleha (18)bull 63 AmritaBhallataka(1)bull 66 Eladi Gutika(15)bull 622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(20)bull 623 NarsimhaGrita(5)bull 627 Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita(25)bull 718 NarsimhaChurna(5)bull 721 Nyagrodhadi Churna(28)bull 726 BhallatakaRasayana(1)bull 832 Prasarini Tel(16)bull 106 Kalyanaka kshara(11)bull 1234 SuranaVataka(11)bull 1235 Sanjeevani Vati (9)
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Vijaya
bull भोङग गनज मतलान8 मदीन8 विजय जय bull भोङग काफ़ हारिर वित गरहाण8 पचन8 लाघH bull वितकषीषण विपततला महम7गविगधDविन bull भोपर
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Formulations of vijaya in AFI Part I
bull 312 Jirkadi Modaka(2)bull 736 Svalnayika Churne(11)bull 712 Jatiphaladya Churna(21)bull 2039 Lakshmi Vilas Ras(9)bull 2032 Ratnagiri Ras(14)
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Danti Baliospermum monatanum Mull Arg
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
दीनत8
bull दीनत87य सौर पका रसौ च काट दीपन bull गदीनका रशमशौgtलाशौDH काणडोgtका षठविदीहानतbull त8कषणषण हातपिनत विपततसरकाफ़शौथादीरविकरम8नbull भोपर
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Formulations of Danti in AFI Part-I
bull Abhayarishta(15)bull Dantyadyarishta(1)bull Devdarvyadyarishta(5)bull Kumaaryasava(A)(32)
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Danti -contd
313 Danti Haritaki(1)52 Kaishor Guggulu(15)67 KalyanakaGhrita(26)620 Dadhika Ghrita(53)622 Dhanvantara Ghrita(12)631 Brihat phala Ghrita(32)632 Brahmi Ghrita (8)633 MahaKalyanakGhrita(19)637Mishraka Sneha(5)
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Danti -cntd
719 Narayana Churna(30)721Nyagrodhadi Churna(20)733 samudradya churna(8)87Kasisadi Tel(9)104 Aviltoladi Bhasma(kshara)(3)106 Kalyan kshar(10)125 kankayan Gulika(3)1210 Chandra prabha vati(29)191 Punarnavadi Mandur (15)2038 LakshmiNarayanRas(11
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Dhattura Datura metal Linn
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Dhattura
D metel Family Solanaceae Phytochemical screening of D metel seeds revealed the presence of alkaloids tannins cardiac glycosides flavonoids and carbohydrates Scopolamine (an alkaloid) content of the plant is higher than that of other Datura species Traditionally it is used to treat conditions like mumps rheumatism epilepsy and leprosy Paste of its leave along with the turmeric is domestic remedy used to reduce inflammation or along with opium oil to reduce body lice Smoke of Dhattura leaves used for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma It is principally valued as analgesic a remedy for violent headache toothache and piles Seed were used to treat vertigo epilepsy and hydrophobia It has narcotic propertyIt has significant role in treatment of malaria It also cures Cholera chronic diarrhoea intermittent fever Datura metel Linn The analgesic and CNS depressant property of the plant is often attributed to the presence of this alkaloid (Tyler et al 1990)81
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Dhatura formulations in AFI-Ibull Kanakasava(1)bull Mritsanjeevani Sura(25)bull 846 MahaVishgarbh Tel(2)bull 848 Laghu Vishgarbh Tel(2amp9)bull 855 Vishtinduk Tel (4)bull 1213 Dugdha Vati(2amp4)bull 206 EkangveerRas(22)bull 2018 Jvararyabhra(6)bull 2019 Tarunarka Ra(5)bull 2020 TribhuvankirtiRas(10)bull 2021 NavaratnarajmrigankaRas(36)bull 2027 MahalakshmivilasRas(11)bull 2039 LakshmivilasRas(8)bull 2057 sutashekharRas(7)
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gunja Abrus precatirius Linn
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gunja
Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties The seeds are used in various diseases like Indralupta (alopecia) Shotha (edema) Krimi (helminthes) Kustha (skin diseases) Kandu (itching) Prameha (urinary disorders) Abrus precatorius have high antioxidant and anti proliferative activity Gunja has also been reported for its antitumor anticancer anti fertility CNS depressant and analgesic activity in experimental models anti spermatogenic anti diarrhoeal and antihelminthic also in treatment of ulcer and skin disorders
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gunja containng formulations in AFI-I
826 Neeli Bhringadi Tel (11)1223 Mritsanjeevani Gutika(18)
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Jaipala (Jayapala) Croton tiglium Linn
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Jaypal
The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae The Croton oil the essential oil of SCT as the effective part has been reported to have purgative analgesic antimicrobial and inflammatory properties It regulates the gastrointestinal transit in mice and affects the inflammatory and immunological milieu croton oil causes spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and the underlying mechanisms From the leaves of C tiglium a pyrazine derivative crotonine was isolated which shows significant analgesic effects C tiglium has been extensively studied as the source of phorbolderivatives Phorbol esters have been shown to be responsible for eliciting a markable range of biochemical effects except tumour promoting skin irritant effects platelet aggregation and cell differentiation Eight phorbol esters isolated from the C figlium have the ability to inhibit an HIV induced cytopathic effect on MT-4 cells Ctoton oil also have anti leukemic action The most investigated activity of the phorbolesters proteinkinase C (PKC) which plays a critical role in signal transduction pathway and regulates the cell growth and differentiation An In-vitro and In-vivo Study was done to evaluate the Antinociceptive and Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Croton tiglium L Seed
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Formulations containing Jayapala in AFI-I
205 Ichhabhedi Ras (6)2013 Ashvakanchuki Ras(12)
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Karaveera Nerium indicum Mill
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Karavir
Nerium oleander L Family Apocynaceae It has been used to provoke menstruation as an abortive and as an antispasmodic in the treatment of angina pectoris As an external medicine it is used against all kinds of skin diseases like rash scabies ringworm lice leprosy and boils skin eruptions or irritations in herpes and to destroy maggots in wounds Latex bark and roots have been used against corns warts cancerous carcinoma ulcerating or hard tumours Ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander elicited shows typical cardiac glycoside activity with dose-dependent increase in amplitude of contraction and increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle Oleanders contain within their tissues cardenolides that are capable of exerting positive inotropic effects on the hearts of animals and humans The cardiotonic properties of oleanders have been exploited therapeutically and as an instrument of suicide since antiquity The basis for the physiological action of the oleander cardenolides is similar to that of the classic digitalis glycosides ie inhibition of plasmalemma Na+ K+ ATPaseThree oligosaccharides were obtained by acid degradation of crude polysaccharides from Neriumindicum Millshowsanti-angiogenesis activityMore recently research has focused on the anticancer effects of oleander and its constituent compounds Oleandrin inhibits certain kinases transcription factors and inflammatory mediators including tumour necrosis factor This may provide a molecular basis for the ability of oleandrin to suppress inflammation and perhaps tumorigenesis The authors of this in vitro study suggest that oleandrin may have applications for various diseases including arthritis but all require further investigation
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Formulations containing Karveer in AFI-I
87 Kasisadi Tel(8)816 citrakadi Tel(6)853 Vajraka tel(3)
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Other formulations of karveera1 Karaveeradya taila Bhaishajya ratnavali 2 Karaveeradi tailam Vydya chintamani3 Karaveeradya tailam Vydya chintamani 4 Vajratailam Vydya chintamani 5 Karaveeradilepam Astanga hrdayam 6 Sveta karaveeradi lepam Astanga hrdayam 7 Yekanga sophahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(ci1725) 8 Palita rogahara lepam Astanga hrdayam(U2435) 9 Garidamalaku chendanadi tailam Astanga hrdayam 10 Jyotishmatyadi tailam Astanga hrdayam(U2834) 11 Mustadi churnam Astanga hrdayam (Ci1967) 12 Sleshmavisarpahara lepam Charaka samhita (Ci2187) 13 Vishaharnjana Charaka samhita)Ci2369) 14 Vishatailam Vydya chintamani 15 Pallavadya tailam Materia Medica by Nadkarni 16 Sveta karaveeradya tail Charaka quoted in chakra datta 17 Karaveeramula lepa Saramgadhara samhita(U11105) 18 Chermaroganasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya 19 Vaatanasaka tailam Vanoushadi chandrodaya
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Langali Gloriosa superba Linn
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
LangaliGloriosa superba Liliaceae family is an erect perennialclimbing herb Tribesmen of Patalkot apply the rhizome extract over the navel and vagina to induce labour and facilitate normal delivery According to them 250 to 500 mg of the extract may lead to abortion if given to a lady with a pregnancy of 1-2 months It is also used for the treatment of ulcers leprosy piles inflammations It is used to treat intestinal worm infestations thirst bruises skin problems and snakebite Gloriosa superba is used for labour induction by traditional birth attendants in India The tests carried out on G superba extract indicate that its mechanism of action was neither estrogenic nor progesterone like However it is early abortifacient activity appears to suggest that its activity is oxytocic The absence of any effects on the cardiovascular parameters enhances the plant extractrsquos safety profile in pregnancy Credence to the folkloric use of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) in labour induction
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Langali Formulations in AFI-I
bull 87 Kasisadi Tel(SlNo6)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(9)bull 846 MahaViashgarbh Tel(12)bull 850 LangaliTel(3)
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Parasika Yavani Hyoseyamus inibar LinnNiger
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia Linn
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
SnuhiIt is popularly known as Sehund Thohar and Milk Hedge The leaves are thick succulent 6 to 12 inches long ovular in shape E neriifolia hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain sugar tannins flavonoids alkaloids triterpenoidal saponin on preliminary phytochemical analysis Several triterpenoids like glut-5-en-3b-ol glut-5(10)-en-1-one taraxerol and b-amyrin has been isolated from powdered plant stem and leaves of E neriifolia28 Neriifolione atriterpene and a new tetracyclic triterpene named as nerifoliene along with euphol were isolated from the latex of E neriifolia29Antiquorin have been isolated from ethanol extract of fresh root of E neriifolia30 Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of E neriifolia is reported by31 There are reports on the mild CNS depressant wound healing and immunomodulatory activities of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract32 E neriifolia leaves are used as aphrodisiac diuretic and also used in the treatment of bronchitis bleeding piles and in ano-rectal fistula33 The plant is useful in abdominal troublesbronchitistumoursleucodermapiles inflammation enlargement of spleen anaemia ulcers fever and in chronic respiratory troubles34 The aqueous extract of the latex of E neriifolia facilitated the wound healing process as evidenced by increase in tensile strength DNA content epithelization and angiogenesis
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Snuhi Formulations in AFI-I
bull 11 Ayaskriti(SlNo33)bull 622 Dhanvantar Ghrita (16)bull 816 Chitrakadi Tel(7)bull 846 MahaVishgarbhTel(31)bull 855 VishtindukaTel(8)bull 103 Abhaya lavan(4)bull 104 AviltoladiBhasmakshar (8)bull 1012 VajraKshar(9)
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Vatsanabha Acontium Chasmanthum StapfexHolm
bull A Ferox ABalfouri A Balfouri
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica Linn
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Therapeutic Sprectrum of UpavishaKupilu
Strychnos nux-vomica is widespread in its original area of distribution in India Indo-China and Thailand and is not in danger of genetic erosion The antimicrobial activity of N-Butanol Methanol and aqueous leaf extract of two medicinalm plants followed Cassia agustifolia and Strychnosnux vomica were tested against the human pathogenic micro-organismssuch as Klebsiella pneumonia Bacillus subtilis A niger A terreus and A Flavus24 The antimicrobial potential of plants was compared according to their zone of inhibition against the several pathogenic organisms The antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts indicated by the size of their zones of inhibition Activity was detected from the ethanol extract None of the herbal extracts examined showed antibacterial against E coli or P aeruginose (gram negative bacteria) Herbal extracts have a greater activity against gram positive bacteria Identification of targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer Pharmacologically Strychnosnux-vomica showed anticancer antimicrobial anti-inflammatory antioxidant and anti feederent activity Their specific effects on gastrointestinal problem nervous systemblood glucose level bones cells and cardiovascular systems have been also investigated27
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kupeelu Formulations in AFI-I
846 MahaVishgarbhTel(SlNo51)855 VushtinduksTel(1)121 AgnitundiVati(17)206 EkangveerRas(20)2010 KrimiMudgarRas(5)
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Formulations containing vishaupvisha in AFI -II
bull 37 Bahushala Guda-Dantibull 42 Arkadi kvatha churna-Arkabull 419 Mutra sangrahneeya kashaya churna-Bhallatakabull 51 Panchamrit Lauha Guggulu-paradabull 83 KabjaPrasarini TelmdashBhallatakabull 89 Brihanmarichyadi Tel-
DantiArkakarviramanahshilalangaliSnuhivishabull 811 Marichyadi Tel-VishaArkabull 93 Pardadadi Lepa-paradaHingulaManhshiladhatturabull 95 Swet Malhar-Tuttha
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Formulations in AFI Part IIIbull 1 kameshwer Modak-vijayabull 2 Vashishtha Haritaki-Dantibull 3 Shatavari Modak -Dantibull 4 Amvatari Yog -vatsanabhbull 5 Nagkesharadi churna-vijayaampAhiphenabull 6 Pashanabhedadi churna-Dantibull 7 MadhyamNayika churna-paradaampvijayabull 8 Lavantritayadya churna-Dantibull 9 Vidangadi Tel------Manahshila(For Nasya)bull 10 Vyaghri tel---------Dantibull 11 chandramrita---Hingula ampRaskarpurabull 12 DantiMuladiLepa-DantiArkaampBhallatakabull 13 Bhallatakadi Lepa- BhallatakaampGunja
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
AFI Part III contibull 14 RasabhraMandura-Paradabull 15 AgastiSutarajRas- ParadaDhatturaampAhiphenabull 16 AgnikumarRas-ParadAhiphenaampVatsanabhbull 17 Agnitund Ras-parad ampVishmushtikabull 18 Ajirna kantak Ras-Parada ampVatsanabhabull 19 AbhrakMalla yog- Mallabull 20 ArdhNareeshwarRas Paradampvishabull 21 KanchanabhraRas Brihat-Tamraampparadbull 22 KaminiVidravanRas-Hingula ampAhiphenabull 23 GrahniGajKshariRas-ParadaVatsanabhvijayaDhaturaAhiphenabull 24 JvaraKalketuRas- ParadHartalManhshilaTamraBhallataka bull 25 JvaraMatangKeshariRas-ParadHaritalvishmushtiDhaturavishbull 26 Jvar SamharRas-Rassindurabull 27 TripurBhairaviRasVishTamraHingula
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Contdbull 28 NashtaPushpantakaRas-ParadaTamraDantibull 29 PashupatRas-ParadVishDhaturaArk bull 30 PradarRipuRas-ParadaNaagbull 31 PranBallabhRas-TamraTutthaJaipalbull 32 PraneshwerRas-Paradabull 33 BhairavaRas-ParadVishabull 34 MahaMrityunjayaRas-HaritalJaipalHingulabull 35 MahaShleshmaKalanalRas-ParadaTamraJaipalDantibull 36 MritSanjeevanRas-ParadTamraVishTalManahshilaHingulabull 37 MedoharRas-ParadArkbull 38 RaghunathRasmdashParadabull 39-RatneshwerRas-Rassindurbull 40 VasantTilakRas-Paradabull 41 Vikram keshariRas-TamravishRasbull 42 VidyadharaRas-TalaTamraShilaRas
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Contd
bull 43 VidyadharabhraRas-Dantibull 44 ShulaKutharRas-RasTamraJaipalbull 44 ShothKalanalRas-Rasbull 45 SwaskalehswarRas-TamraVishbull 46 SarvalokashvryaRas-RasTalVishbull 47 SarveshverRas-Vijayabull 48 SarveshverRas2-RassindurAhiphenabull 49 SarvangaSunderRas-TamraHingulaArkavishabull 50 SomYog-Rassindurabull 51 KarnaVindu-Ahiphenabull 52 Netravindu-Ahiphena
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
RAS SHSTRA
bull It takes undigestible substances like metals minerals Gems amp Poisonous substances and transforms them into substances that are easy for human body to assimilate
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
रसौ सौ न विधिध
अथातर रसौचयy सौकषी महा शवार सौधिधतञच रसौ शौङ- ख णदिदी धरिरतमअचDधियत यथाशौकति दी गबरहमणमविप पणDखणडो घत सौgtतमदयदयजञनपनतH
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
रसौ सौ न पथय
घतसौनधःधनयकाज8रकादरDकासौसका ततणडोला8यका-धनयका ndashपटलालाबाकादिदीकामगधgtमज8णDशौलयनन गवय कषी8र घत दीधिध हानसौदीका मदग रसौH पथय गDH सौमसौतH
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
रसौ सौ न अपथयविन
हात8 विलका षमणडो तरगर काoललाका मष मसौgtर विनषप का कतिलातथ सौषDपम वितला लाङ- घन7तDनसननतमरचgtडोसौरसौनआनgtप मनसौम- धनयमला भोजन कादीला8 दीला कानसय चगरविषटरभो8 त8कषीषणम- च भोशौ तयज त
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
दी 8 शौसतर काकारदिदी गण
काणटर8फ़लाकासथिनजकाञचकामठासतला तथा रजिजकाविनमबाgtका कातकामकाकतिलाङगकाफ़लाम- का षमणडोका काकाD टका काTका कका टकार ललाकाफ़लाम- काका]दिटकायHफ़लाम- नतकानचकाविपतथकाHखला गणH परH काकारदिदीकाH दी 8 शौसतरदिदीत सौऽय काकारदिदी गण मतH शौसतरनतर विविनरदिदीPषटरH काथयत अनय परकारतH
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
शर8का षणदी काकारदिदी गण
bull कानगकानदकाकालाका कका टकालाकरडोHका लातथसतथा bull काणटर8 काटतलाका षणगलाकाHकाgt मDH कालायH काणbull काकाDरसचकादिटललाकासचकातकामकाका]टकाम- काकाD टbull काला8कासथिञजकाम ष कादिदीकागणHशर8का षण दी दिदीतH
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
काकारदिदी विनष धसय अपदीH
bull यसमिसमन रसौ च काणठाकातय काकारदिदी विनष धिधतH bull ततर ततर विनष दधवय तदीकतिचतयमतनयथा
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
रसौ वयपदिदी परत8कारH
उदगर सौवितदीधयनन का षणम8न सौज8रकाअभयनगमविनलाकषीभो तला रनरयणदिदीणिभोHअरत शौ8त तय न मसतकापरिर सौ चनम-तषणय नरिरका लामबा मदगयgtष सौ शौकाD रम
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
रसौ 8यD विधयथाDमपचर विधिध
दरकषी दीविडोम खजgtDर कादीला8न फ़लाम- भोज त- रसौ 8यD विधयथाo दीधिधकषी8र कषी शौकाD र शौ8तपचरमनयचच
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
रसौ तयग विधिध
रसौ तयग विध पनH भोकषीय दी बाहातr विल सौका त सौधरण विधिधH
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Classification of meterial
Maharasabull 1 Abhraka-Micabull 2 Vaikrant-fluritetourmelinbull 3 Makshika-copper pyritebull 4 vimala-Iron pyritebull 5 shilajit-Bitumenbull 6 sasyaka-copper sulphatebull 7 chapala-Bismuth sulphatebull 8 Rasaka-calamine
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Krishna vjrabhraka
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Vaikranta
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
vimala
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Adrija(shilajatu)
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Shasyaka
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
chapala
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Rasaka
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
bull Uparasa bull 1 Gandhaka-sulpherbull 2 Gairika-Red iron oxidebull 3 Kasisa-ferrous sulphatebull 4 kankshi- ------Allumbull 5 Haritala-Arsenic trisulphidebull 6 Manahshila-Arsenic di sulphide bull 7 Neelanjana-galenabull 8 Kankushtha- Gum GambojMalabar Tamrind Garcinia sp
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gandhak
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gairika
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kasheesh
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kankshi(sphatikaa)
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Pinda Hartala Arseno sulphide
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Orpiment patraHarital
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Manahashila Arseno sulphide
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Manh shila
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Neelanjana
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kankushtha(Gum Gamboj)
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
bull Sadharana Rasa
bull 1 kampilla-Monkey fresh fruitbull 2 GauripashanaArsenic trioxidebull 3 Narsara-Ammonium tri chloridebull 4 Kapardika-Cowrie shellbull 5 Agnijara-Ambergrisbull 6 Giri sindur-Mercuric oxidebull 7 Hingula-cinabarbull 8 Mriddarshring-Lead mono oxide
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
KampillaMALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gauri pashana(Arsenic Trioxide)
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Narsar(Ammonium chloride)Sal Amoniac NH4Cl
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kapardika (monetaria monaeaampcyprea moneta)
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Agnijar(ambergriss)
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Hingula(cinnabar)
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Mriddarshriga(Litharge)(LeadMonooxide)
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Dhatu-Metals
bull 1 Swarna-Goldbull 2 Rajata-silverbull 3 Tamra-copperbull 4 Loha-Ironbull 5 Mandur-Rust of ironbull 6 vanga-Tinbull 7 Naag-leadbull 8 Yashad-Zincbull 9 pittala-Brassbull 10 kansya-Bronzebull 11 Tri loha-3 metalsbull 12 vartaloha-5metals
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Swarna
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Rajata
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Tamra
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Loha
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Mandur
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
vang
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Naag
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Yashad
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Pittala
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
kansya
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
bull Ratna- precious gem stones
bull 1 Manikya-Rubybull 2 Mukta-pearlbull 3 Pravala-coralbull 4 Tarkshya-Emeraldbull 5 Pushparaga-Topazbull 6 Hiraka-Diamondbull 7 Neelam-Sapphirebull 8 Gomeda-Garnetbull 9 Vaidurya-chrysoberyl
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Manikya
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Mukta
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Praval
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Tarkshya
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Pushparag
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Heeraka
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Neelam
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gomeda
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Vaidurya
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Uparatna-semi precious gemstones
bull 1 Akika-Agatebull 2 suryakant-sun stonebull 3 chandrakant-Moon stonebull 4 Rajavarta-lapis lazulibull 5 Sangeyasav-Jadebull 6 pirojaka-Tarquisebull 7 Vaikranta-Tourmelinebull 8 kaharuba-Amber
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Akika
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
suryakant
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
chandrakanta
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Rajavarta
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Sangeyasav
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Pirojaka
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Vaikranta
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kaharuba
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Sudha varga-calcium carbonate
bull 1 shankha-conch shellbull 2 Mrigshringa-Deer hornbull 3 Kukkutanda-Egg shellbull 4 Mukta Shukti-Mother shell of pearlbull 5 Samudra phena-cuttle fish bonebull 6 Ajasthi-Goat bonebull 7 Sudha-Limestonebull 8 Godanti Haritala-Gypsumbull 9 surma safed-Calcitebull 10 Dugdha pashana-Soap stonebull 11 khatika-chalk
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
shankha
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Mriga shringa
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kukkutanda
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Mukta shukti
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
samudraphena
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Ajasthi
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Sudha
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Godanti
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Surma safed
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Dugdha Pashana
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Khatika
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Miscellanious bull 1 Kausheyasma-Asbestosbull 2 Badarasma-Jews stonelapis judaicusbull 3 kanta pashana-lodestonebull 4 Nag pashana-serpentinebull 5 Sphatik-Quartzbull 6 Naag sindura-Lead tetra oxidebull 7 Tankan-Sodium Boratebull 8 Abresham-Silk worm cocoonbull 9 Kasturi-DeerMuskbull 10 Mayur piccha-Peocock featherbull 11 Gorochan-Bezoar stonebull 12 Kalami shora-salt petrebull 13 Sarjikshar ndashsodium carbonate
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kausheyasma
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Badarashma
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kanta pashana
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Nag pashan
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
sphatik
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Naag sindura
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Tankan
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Abresham
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kasturi
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Myur pichha
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Gorochana
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Kalami shora
Sarjika kshar
Sarjika kshar
