CancerCancer

Within five years, cancer will Within five years, cancer will surpass heart disease as the surpass heart disease as the

leading cause of death, leading cause of death, according to the American according to the American

Hospital Association. (Hospital Association. (BOTH BOTH ARE SMOKING RELATEDARE SMOKING RELATED))

CancerCancer

Cell division occurs throughout life as Cell division occurs throughout life as dead cells are replaced by new onesdead cells are replaced by new ones

Genetics, irritation, and exposure to Genetics, irritation, and exposure to carcinogens can cause abnormal carcinogens can cause abnormal cells to grow and spread.cells to grow and spread.

When this happens, healthy tissues When this happens, healthy tissues are destroyed and disrupted are destroyed and disrupted

carcinogenscarcinogens

Chemicals, heavy metals, asbestos, Chemicals, heavy metals, asbestos, toxic waste, pollution…toxic waste, pollution…

Radiation from ultraviolet rays of sun Radiation from ultraviolet rays of sun and X Raysand X Rays

Some virus (Some virus (hepatitis B and C and hepatitis B and C and Genital WartsGenital Warts))

TumorsTumors

All cancers are All cancers are tumors, tumors, masses of masses of tissuestissues,, but not all tumors are cancers. but not all tumors are cancers.

Some tumors are Some tumors are benign (non-benign (non-cancerous)cancerous)

They are characterized by abnormal They are characterized by abnormal cells, but usually do not spread because cells, but usually do not spread because they are surrounded by membranes.they are surrounded by membranes.

However, they can cause damage if However, they can cause damage if they are in a bad locationthey are in a bad location

Malignant Tumors Malignant Tumors =cancerous=cancerous

Cancer cells will break away and Cancer cells will break away and spread traveling through the spread traveling through the lymphatic system (“2lymphatic system (“2ndnd circulatory circulatory system”) and blood vessels.system”) and blood vessels.

Then they attach to a healthy cell Then they attach to a healthy cell and start to reproduce.and start to reproduce.

This is called MetastasisThis is called Metastasis-- spreading spreading from point of origin to other parts of from point of origin to other parts of the bodythe body

Skin Cancer- most common in Skin Cancer- most common in USUS

Three types:Three types: MelanomaMelanoma Basal CellBasal Cell Squamous CellSquamous Cell

Usually caused by sun, tanning bedsUsually caused by sun, tanning beds

Basal Cell and Squamous Cell are Basal Cell and Squamous Cell are usually curable and don’t spread to usually curable and don’t spread to other organsother organs

Melanoma needs to be caught early Melanoma needs to be caught early b/c it can be spread to lungs, brain, b/c it can be spread to lungs, brain, liver…liver…

Melanoma- often deadlyMelanoma- often deadly

¾ die from melanoma¾ die from melanoma Melanoma is related to the common Melanoma is related to the common

molemole Changes in the appearance of moles Changes in the appearance of moles

should alert suspicion. should alert suspicion.

Basal cell and Squamous Basal cell and Squamous CellCell

Less aggressiveLess aggressive Rarely painfulRarely painful Squamous BasalSquamous Basal

Treatment for skin cancerTreatment for skin cancer

Burned off, frozen off, surgically Burned off, frozen off, surgically removed, creams for some basal cell, removed, creams for some basal cell, chemo for melanoma if it has spreadchemo for melanoma if it has spread

Lung CancerLung Cancer

85 % of males with lung cancer and 85 % of males with lung cancer and 75% of females with lung cancer are 75% of females with lung cancer are smokerssmokers

Males who start smoking before 15 Males who start smoking before 15 are 5 times more likely to get lung are 5 times more likely to get lung cancercancer

Survival rate is 13%Survival rate is 13%

Lung CancerLung Cancer is categorized into is categorized into two basic typestwo basic types

Small CellSmall Cell Faster growing, but Faster growing, but

more likely to respond more likely to respond to chemo.to chemo.

2 stages: 2 stages: limited stagelimited stage (generally cancer (generally cancer confined to chest) and confined to chest) and extensive stageextensive stage (cancer that has (cancer that has spread outside the spread outside the chest). chest).

Non small cellNon small cell 5 stages5 stages Early stages (1,2, Early stages (1,2,

sometimes 3) may be sometimes 3) may be removed by surgery, removed by surgery, later stages later stages sometimes not curable sometimes not curable (chemo or radiation or (chemo or radiation or both)both)

Symptoms of lung cancerSymptoms of lung cancer

SymptomsSymptoms        Cough Cough Bloody sputum Bloody sputum Shortness of breath Shortness of breath Wheeze Wheeze Chest painChest pain Loss of appetite Loss of appetite Unintentional weight loss Unintentional weight loss Additional symptoms that may be associated with Additional symptoms that may be associated with

this diseasethis disease

Oral CancerOral Cancer

Risk Factors: smoking, chewing, Risk Factors: smoking, chewing, drinking alcoholdrinking alcohol

Colon and Rectal cancer- the Colon and Rectal cancer- the 33rdrd most common most common

Usually develops in the lowest part of Usually develops in the lowest part of the colon, near the rectumthe colon, near the rectum

Colostomy bagColostomy bag

LeukemiaLeukemia

Cancer of blood-forming tissue in the Cancer of blood-forming tissue in the bone marrowbone marrow

Weakens immune systemWeakens immune system Usually childhood disease- Usually childhood disease- childhood childhood

leukemia has 95% success rateleukemia has 95% success rate

Treatment of cancer-Treatment of cancer- depends depends where, what kind, and what where, what kind, and what

stagestage SurgerySurgery Radiation-Radiation- radiation can destroy radiation can destroy

cancer cells and prevent them from cancer cells and prevent them from growing backgrowing back

ChemotherapyChemotherapy- chemo can interfere - chemo can interfere with cell division- many side effects – with cell division- many side effects – nausea and vomiting, hair lossnausea and vomiting, hair loss