Oral Medicine & Radiology

Oral Diagnosis

Oral Diagnosis

Oral Medicine

Oral Medicine

Oral Radiology

Oral Radiology

Oral Diagnosis is defined as an art and science of identifying an oral disease from its symptoms and signs.Oral Diagnosis is defined as an art and science of identifying an oral disease from its symptoms and signs.

DefinitionsDefinitions

Oral Medicine is defined as that branch of dentistry which deals with:

1. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of:

a. Oral mucosal diseases

b. Local oral diseases

c. Oral manifestations of systemic diseases

2. Dental management of physiologically compromised

patients.

Oral Medicine is defined as that branch of dentistry which deals with:

1. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of:

a. Oral mucosal diseases

b. Local oral diseases

c. Oral manifestations of systemic diseases

2. Dental management of physiologically compromised

patients.

Oral Radiology is defined as a science composed of

technical and interpretative procedures that

interdependently result in useful diagnostic data.

Oral Radiography is defined as an art and science of

producing photographic image of oral tissues through

use of x-radiation.

Oral Radiology is defined as a science composed of

technical and interpretative procedures that

interdependently result in useful diagnostic data.

Oral Radiography is defined as an art and science of

producing photographic image of oral tissues through

use of x-radiation.

Reading Material

Lecture notes

Burket’s Oral Medicine

by Malcolm Lynch, 8th / 9th Edition

Oral Radiology: Principles & Interpretation

by Goaz & White, 2nd / 3rd Edition

Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions

by Goaz & Wood, 2nd / 3rd Edition

Lecture notes

Burket’s Oral Medicine

by Malcolm Lynch, 8th / 9th Edition

Oral Radiology: Principles & Interpretation

by Goaz & White, 2nd / 3rd Edition

Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions

by Goaz & Wood, 2nd / 3rd Edition

Oral Medicine is defined as that branch of dentistry which deals with:

1. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of:

a. Oral mucosal diseases

b. Local oral diseases

c. Oral manifestations of systemic

diseases

2. Dental management of physiologically

compromised patients.

Oral Medicine is defined as that branch of dentistry which deals with:

1. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of:

a. Oral mucosal diseases

b. Local oral diseases

c. Oral manifestations of systemic

diseases

2. Dental management of physiologically

compromised patients.

Oral MedicineOral Medicine

• Oral manifestations of systemic diseases• Dental management of physiologically

compromised patients.

• Oral manifestations of systemic diseases• Dental management of physiologically

compromised patients.

Oral mucosal

diseases

Oral mucosal

diseases

Local oral diseasesLocal oral diseases

CLASSIFICATION OF ORAL DISEASESCLASSIFICATION OF ORAL DISEASES

Some ways of classifying oral diseases :

~ Based on etiologye.g. viral, traumatic

~ Based on the pathological process involved e.g. inflammatory, neoplastic~ Based on symptoms

e.g. recurrent, painful conditions, tumorous conditions~ Based on clinical appearance of lesions

e.g. ulcerative, vesicular, erosive~ Based on origin

e.g. developmental, acquired

Some ways of classifying oral diseases :

~ Based on etiologye.g. viral, traumatic

~ Based on the pathological process involved e.g. inflammatory, neoplastic~ Based on symptoms

e.g. recurrent, painful conditions, tumorous conditions~ Based on clinical appearance of lesions

e.g. ulcerative, vesicular, erosive~ Based on origin

e.g. developmental, acquired

“A lesion is a localized area of disease or injury in any organ or

tissue of the body”

“A lesion is a localized area of disease or injury in any organ or

tissue of the body”ORAL SOFT TISSUE LESIONSORAL SOFT TISSUE LESIONS

WHITE

ULCERULCER

EXOPHYTICEXOPHYTIC

YELLOWYELLOW DRAININGand PITS

DRAININGand PITS

BROWNISH,BLUISH

or BLACK

BROWNISH,BLUISH

or BLACKREDRED

KeratoticKeratoticNecroticNecrotic

SolitarySolitary GeneralizedGeneralized TongueTongue

ORAL SOFT TISSUE LESIONSORAL SOFT TISSUE LESIONS

WHITE

ULCERULCER

EXOPHYTICEXOPHYTIC

YELLOWYELLOW DRAININGand PITS

DRAININGand PITS

BROWNISH,BLUISH

or BLACK

BROWNISH,BLUISH

or BLACKREDRED

KeratoticKeratoticNecroticNecrotic

SolitarySolitary GeneralizedGeneralized TongueTongue

Leukoplakia, Lichen planus, Burns

Aphthous, Traumatic,Malignant

Erythroplakia, Acuteatrophic candidiasis,

Glossitis

Fibroma, Mucocele,Tori, Pyogenic

granuloma

Fordyce’s granules,Lipoma, Jaundice,

CarotenemiaMelanoma,Mucocele, Petechiae

& ecchymoses

Lip pits,Draining abscess, Oro-antral fistula

Another way of classifying oral lesions :Another way of classifying oral lesions :

PRIMARY

LESION

SECONDARY LESION

Macule, Plaques, Papule, Patch

Nodule, Tumor

Vesicle, Bulla, Pustule

Petechia, Ecchymosis

Macule, Plaques, Papule, Patch

Nodule, Tumor

Vesicle, Bulla, Pustule

Petechia, Ecchymosis

Macule: Sharply circumscribed discoloration (flat) up to 1 cm in diameter Macule: Sharply circumscribed discoloration (flat) up to 1 cm in diameter

Patch: Sharply circumscribed discoloration (flat) more than 1 cm in diameter

Patch: Sharply circumscribed discoloration (flat) more than 1 cm in diameter

Papule: Well circumscribed, solid, flat-topped raised lesion up to 1 cm in diameter Papule: Well circumscribed, solid, flat-topped raised lesion up to 1 cm in diameter

Plaque: Well circumscribed solid raised lesion more than 1 cm in diameter Plaque: Well circumscribed solid raised lesion more than 1 cm in diameter

Nodule: Well circumscribed solid, rounded projection up to 1 cm in diameter Nodule: Well circumscribed solid, rounded projection up to 1 cm in diameter

Tumor: Well circumscribed solid, rounded projection more than 1 cm in diameter Tumor: Well circumscribed solid, rounded projection more than 1 cm in diameter

Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation up to 1 cm in diameter Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation up to 1 cm in diameter

Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation more than 1 cm in diameter Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation more than 1 cm in diameter

Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation up to 1 cm in diameter Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation up to 1 cm in diameter

Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation more than 1 cm in diameter Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation more than 1 cm in diameter

Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation up to 1 cm in diameter Vesicle: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation up to 1 cm in diameter

Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation more than 1 cm in diameter Bulla: Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation more than 1 cm in diameter

Pustule: Sharply circumscribed pus-filled elevation similar to vesicle or bullaPustule: Sharply circumscribed pus-filled elevation similar to vesicle or bulla

Petechiae: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or blood pigments up to 1 cm in diameter

Petechiae: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or blood pigments up to 1 cm in diameter

Ecchymosis: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or blood pigments more than 1 cm in diameter

Ecchymosis: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or blood pigments more than 1 cm in diameter

Petechiae: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or blood pigments up to 1 cm in diameter

Petechiae: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or blood pigments up to 1 cm in diameter

Ecchymosis: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or blood pigments more than 1 cm in diameter

Ecchymosis: Sharply circumscribed deposit of blood or blood pigments more than 1 cm in diameter

Another way of classifying oral lesions :Another way of classifying oral lesions :

PRIMARY

LESION

SECONDARY LESION

Erosion, Ulcer, Scar

Infiltration

Erosion, Ulcer, Scar

Infiltration

Erosion: Loss of superficial layers of epithelium Erosion: Loss of superficial layers of epithelium

Ulcer: Break in the continuity of the epithelium (deeper than an erosion) Ulcer: Break in the continuity of the epithelium (deeper than an erosion)

Scar: Deposit of highly fibrous tissue subsequent to ulcer or injury Scar: Deposit of highly fibrous tissue subsequent to ulcer or injury

Infiltration: Extension of the primary lesion into the deeper tissue causing fixity or induration

Infiltration: Extension of the primary lesion into the deeper tissue causing fixity or induration

“Colour Atlas of Oral Diseases”

George Laskaris2nd Edition, 1994

“Colour Atlas of Oral Diseases”

George Laskaris2nd Edition, 1994

DESCRIPTION OF A DISEASE PROCESSDESCRIPTION OF A DISEASE PROCESS

DefinitionDefinition

Etiology & PathogenesisEtiology & Pathogenesis

EpidemiologyEpidemiology

Clinical Features : age, sex, site, symptoms & signsClinical Features : age, sex, site, symptoms & signs

Radiographic FeaturesRadiographic Features

Histological FeaturesHistological Features

Investigations, Diagnosis & Differential DiagnosisInvestigations, Diagnosis & Differential Diagnosis

Treatment & PrognosisTreatment & Prognosis

Etiology & PathogenesisEtiology & Pathogenesis

Clinical Features : age, sex, site, symptoms & signsClinical Features : age, sex, site, symptoms & signs

Radiographic FeaturesRadiographic Features

Investigations, Diagnosis & Differential DiagnosisInvestigations, Diagnosis & Differential Diagnosis

Treatment & PrognosisTreatment & Prognosis