“Hidden Strains of HPV Found in 'Virus-Negative' Genital Warts” AND “'Cowcatcher' Enzyme Fixes Single-Strand

DNA”.

Sara Puerta CalderónMedicine student

III Semester Molecular

Biology

INTRODUCTION

DNA replication DNA replication is the process in is the process in which a double which a double

strand generated strand generated two strands two strands daughters.daughters.

DNA replication DNA replication is the process in is the process in which a double which a double

strand generated strand generated two strands two strands daughters.daughters.

These reports These reports show the show the

importance of importance of DNA replication DNA replication and its influence and its influence

on genetic on genetic errors, such as errors, such as cancer, aging.cancer, aging.

These reports These reports show the show the

importance of importance of DNA replication DNA replication and its influence and its influence

on genetic on genetic errors, such as errors, such as cancer, aging.cancer, aging.

Hidden Strains of HPV Found in 'Virus-Negative' Genital Warts.

Sciencedaily. July 11, 2013

There are 170 established HPV types. There are 170 established HPV types. Cancerous human papillomavirus (HPV) viruses Cancerous human papillomavirus (HPV) viruses are the main cause of cervical cancer, and are are the main cause of cervical cancer, and are

found in close to 100% of cervical tumors.found in close to 100% of cervical tumors.

Hidden Strains of HPV Found in 'Virus-Negative' Genital Warts.

Sciencedaily. July 11, 2013

A study of virology, where A study of virology, where researchers in 40 samples researchers in 40 samples from patients with genital from patients with genital

warts, showed that some of warts, showed that some of these samples contained these samples contained

HPV DNA. This means that HPV DNA. This means that these warts can contain these warts can contain small amounts of virus small amounts of virus farthest that escaped farthest that escaped previous detection. previous detection.

Image taken from:http://www.celiacos.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/laboratorio1.jpg

Hidden Strains of HPV Found in 'Virus-Negative' Genital Warts.

Sciencedaily. July 11, 2013

Ten groups of four Ten groups of four samples taken from samples taken from

negative wart viruses negative wart viruses were tested patient's were tested patient's

genetic material, genetic material, including DNA viral, including DNA viral,

bacterial and humansbacterial and humans

Hidden Strains of HPV Found in 'Virus-Negative' Genital Warts.

Sciencedaily. July 11, 2013

This new style has shown This new style has shown evidence of the virus evidence of the virus unknown ways. Such unknown ways. Such forms may not cause forms may not cause

condyloma, but may be condyloma, but may be secondary invaders of it.secondary invaders of it.

Image taken from: http://www.clinicasabortos.com/images/subsecciones/virus-papiloma-humano-169.jpg

PERSONAL OPINION

I think this study was important for several aspects, the I think this study was important for several aspects, the first of them to learn more about the evolution of first of them to learn more about the evolution of

different HPV types, second to know that although not different HPV types, second to know that although not all are causing condyloma virus can be invaders of this. all are causing condyloma virus can be invaders of this. Finally this study showed that despite scoring negative Finally this study showed that despite scoring negative

laboratory for these tests, it is not the last word.laboratory for these tests, it is not the last word.

'Cowcatcher' Enzyme Fixes Single-Strand DNA

Sciencedaily. July 29, 2013.

Every time one of your cells Every time one of your cells divides, it exposes its most divides, it exposes its most

essential component to great essential component to great danger: its genome, the sum danger: its genome, the sum

total of all its genetic total of all its genetic information, embodied in the information, embodied in the double-stranded helix of DNA.double-stranded helix of DNA.

'Cowcatcher' Enzyme Fixes Single-Strand DNA

Sciencedaily. July 29, 2013.

The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, discovered how the

process of repairing damaged bases. They use the analogy of a zipper opening, when opened, sets the

foundation subjected to a "replication complex" turning a thread into a double

strand

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'Cowcatcher' Enzyme Fixes Single-Strand DNA

Sciencedaily. July 29, 2013.

Scientists working in an enzyme called NEIL1, who is associated with the replication complex and seeks DNA damage. When damage prevents NEIL1

detects replication, back, and the two strands come back together, allowing the repair of the damaged base to the appropriate base.

Image taken from:http://www.masmusculo.com.es/img/w347-c7:5/images/data/enzimas.jpg

'Cowcatcher' Enzyme Fixes Single-Strand DNA

Sciencedaily. July 29, 2013.

"Replication and cowcatcher approaches "Replication and cowcatcher approaches in front to see if there is damage. If in front to see if there is damage. If

damaged, back replication, repair and damaged, back replication, repair and continues forward. Process is very continues forward. Process is very

important for maintaining the integrity important for maintaining the integrity of the genome. “of the genome. “

Image taken from:http://diariode3.com/cientificos-descubren-nuevas-moleculas-para-tratar-el-cancer/

PERSONAL OPINION

MEDICAL UTILITY

Today the world is Today the world is moving very quickly, moving very quickly, every day there is a every day there is a

new cure for chronic new cure for chronic diseases. diseases.

Day after day there Day after day there are hundreds of are hundreds of people who are people who are

dedicated to research dedicated to research in search of new in search of new

solutions for solutions for problems related to problems related to

DNA.DNA.

MEDICAL UTILITY

DNA show the genome of every person, and this is where all errors are DNA show the genome of every person, and this is where all errors are expressed genetic. expressed genetic.

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MEDICAL UTILITY

When DNA replication of such When DNA replication of such failure, failure,

There are several types of There are several types of cancers that are specifically cancers that are specifically

associated with the failure of associated with the failure of the repair processes that the repair processes that

normally function during DNA normally function during DNA replication. replication.

The accumulation of The accumulation of mutations can lead to cancer mutations can lead to cancer

development.development.

is when we find diseases such is when we find diseases such as cancer or as cancer or

neurodegenerative diseases neurodegenerative diseases and gives the generation of and gives the generation of cells with mutated genes.cells with mutated genes.

MEDICAL UTILITY

Major diseases such as Major diseases such as cancer or cancer or

neurodegeneration.neurodegeneration.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY

•Martínez S, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 7 ed. Medellín: UPB. Facultad de Medicina, 2012. 78-84.P

•Muralidhar L. Hegde, Pavana M. Hegde, Larry J. Bellot, Santi M. Mandal, Tapas K. Hazra,et al. Cowcatcher' Enzyme Fixes Single-Strand DNA. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 29). available online: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130729161751.htm

•Hanna Johansson, Davit Bzhalava, Johanna Ekström, Emilie Hultin, Joakim Dillner,et al. Hidden Strains of HPV Found in 'Virus-Negative' Genital Warts. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 11). available online: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130711103235.htm