PRESENTATION :‘’MULTIMODAL THERAPY’’ (ARNOLD LAZARUS)

-Shizre Zaman Khan

‘’TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION ‘’

SHORT INTRO OF ARNOLD LAZARUS .

GENERAL OUTLINE REGARDING THE THERAPY :

POINTS TO REMEMBER TERMS/EXPLANATIONASSUMPTIONSPRODUCTSTHEORY BACKGROUND

BASIC ID PRINCIPLES

3 BASIC ASPECTS :

1.TRACKING2.PROFILING3.BRIDGING

TREATMENT .

Arnold Allan Lazarus Lazarus' a(27 January 1932 – 1 October 2013) was a South African-born clinical psychologist and researcher who specialized in cognitive therapy and is best known for developing multimodal therapy (MMT)

Accomplishments include authoring the first text on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) called Behavior Therapy and Beyond and 17 other books, over 300 clinical articles.

Therapy was Introduced in a book by Lazarus Published in 1973 .

BOOK COVER

TERMS :1.Multi (more than one; many, especially variegated.)

2.Modal (relating to mode, manner, or form .)

3.Therapy (the treatment of mental or psychological disorders by psychological means. )

‘’Theoretical Background’’

Classical conditioning Pairing and Conditioning (J.B WATSON-PAVLOV)

Operant conditioningReinforcement (SKINNER)

Social learning theoryObservation (ALBERT BANDURA)

Cognitive theoryInfluence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Learning (JEAN PAIGET )

‘’POINTS TO REMEMBER ‘’It’s a Counseling Technique

It’s a Behavioral Therapy

Carries systematic Approach

Subset of Cognitive Therapy (In a whole Therapy includes All)

Each Individual works in system and thinks and are related to each other . There are many problems faced by a single person, so all should be dealt .

It’s a Broad Spectrum Treatment Approach

APPROACH Lazarus Drew on many approaches to form this therapy ,Including :

A. Humanistic B. PsychodynamicC. BehavioralD. CognitiveE. Interpersonal

Lazarus gave 7 ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY that Makeup Human and are called ACORONYM : BASIC ID

MMT’s Assumption about People

MOVESENSEFEELTHINKACTIMAGINE INTERPERSONALLY

Personalities are products of 1.Behaviors

2.Affective processes

3.Sensations

4.Images

5.Cognitions

6.Interpersonal Relationships

7.Biological functions

BASIC I.DRefers to the seven dimensions of personality according to Lazarus.

Creating a successful treatment for a specific individual requires that the therapist consider each dimension, and the individual's deficits in each.

B represents behavior, which can be manifested through the use of inappropriate acts, habits, gestures, or the lack of appropriate behaviors.

A stands for affect, which can be seen as the level of negative feelings or emotions one experiences.

S is sensation, or the negative bodily sensations or physiological symptoms such as pain, tension, sweat, nausea, quick heartbeat, etc.

I stands for imagery, which is the existence of negative cognitive images or mental pictures.

C represents cognition or the degree of negative thoughts, attitudes, or beliefs.

I stands for interpersonal relationships, and refers to one's ability to form successful relationships with others. It is based on social skills and support systems.

D is for drugs and biological functions, and examines the individual's physical health, drug use, and other lifestyle choices

FUNCTION :

1. MMT starts after the patient has been assessed based on his/her emotional responses, sensory displays and the manner in which he/she interacts with people around via behavior, effect, sensations, images, cognition, drugs and interpersonal activities.

2. Based on this assessment, the therapist will introduce the patient to the first session. During this time, the therapist and the patient will create a list of problems and the suitable treatments that may suit him/her the most. Since the treatment is based upon individual cases, each remedial strategy is considered as an effective method for the patients.

3. Post the completion of the initial assessment, a more detailed diagnosis is done using questionnaires. The therapist shall diagnose both the actual profile as well as the structural profile of the patient. Such a diagnosis will define the target which both the therapist and the patient would want to achieve once the treatment is complete

4.Here, the therapist will evaluate different other ways to treat the patient. Often, relaxation tapes are used to calm down the patient. Besides psychotherapy, the therapist will try to include dietary measures and stress management programs to treat patient's associated psychiatric symptoms. The prime focus of the therapist would be to ease the pains of the patient and fulfill his/her needs by studying his/her behavior and mannerisms.

5. Upon the patient's prior consent, the therapist will tape all the sessions and furnish a copy of those tapes to the patient. These tapes act as a supporting resource when the therapist is evaluating the patient's behavior.

6.MMT is a flexible mode of psychotherapy because each treatment plan is devised keeping all the possibilities in mind. In the case of a single patient, the duration of the session could last not more than few hours, depending upon the therapist's analysis of the concerned patient's behavior. However, if the patient shows a condition that needs multiple treatments, then the session could stretch farther so as to enable the therapist to analyze the patient further

THREE MAJOR ASPECTS :1.BRIDGING :To fill the problems and their linkup with 7 aspects (using other modalities)

2.TRACKING :To track down unpleasant or problematic events in patients life.

Also helps in finding out behavioral patterns behind persons negative thoughts

3.PROFILING:Modality profile is a chart drawn to outline the presenting problems and proposed intervensions in the 7 modalities

Structural modality is how the client perceives him/her self in a relationship to each of the 7 modalities .

‘’BASIC OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS’’

1.MISINFORMATION

2.MISSING INFORMATION

3.DEFENSIVE REACTIONS

4.LACK OF SELF ACCEPTANACE

TREATMENT :

OTHER TREATMENTS INCLUDE :1.POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

2.REDUCE DRUG/ALCOHOL ADDICTION

3.INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

4.HEALTH PROGRAMS

5.COMMUNICATION TRAINING

6.CORRECTNG MISINFORMATION,POSTIVE SELF STATEMENTS .

7.COPING TECHNIQUES,RELAXATION TRAINING

8.REHEARSAL,EXPOSURE

9.ANXIETY MANGEMENT

10. MODELLING,MONITORING

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