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Muscular System for occupational therapy students
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Muscular System for students of occupational therapy
Anatomy & physiology 2
Lecturer: Mohammed Subhi El-Lulu
Skeletal muscle characteristics
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Attach bone by tendon
Many nuclei
Striated
Voluntary
Surrounded By C.T
Function of Skeletal Muscle
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Produce Movement
Maintain Posture
Stabilize Joint
Generate Heat
Naming of skeletal muscle
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Direction
Location
Size
No. of Origins
Shape
Origin & Insertion
1- Direction of muscle
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Relative to the Midline
RECTUS means parallel to midline
• Rectus Abdominus
TRANSVERSE means perpendicular to midline
• Transverse Abdominus
OBLIQUE means diagonal to midline
• External Oblique
2- Location of muscle
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Structure near which a
muscle is found
Muscle near frontal
bone = Frontalis
Muscle near the Tibia =
Tibialis anterior
3- Size of muscle
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MAXIMUS means largest
• Gluteus Maximus
MINIMUS means smallest
• Gluteus Minimus
LONGUS means longest
• Fibularis Longus
BREVIS means short
• Fibularis Brevis
TERTIUS means shortest Fibularis Tertius
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Number of tendons of origin
BICEPS means two
• Biceps Brachii
TRICEPS means three
• Triceps Brachii
QUADRICEPS means
four
Quadriceps Femoris
4- Number of origins of muscle
5- Shape of muscle
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DELTOID means having
a triangular shape
TRAPEZIUS means
having a trapezoid shape
SERRATUS means
having a saw-toothed
shape (Serratus Ant.)
RHOMBOIDEUS means
having a diamond shape
(Rhomboid Major
6- Origin & Insertion
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(Origin): attached to less or
immovable bone.
(Insertion): attached to the
movable bone.
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID:
attaches to the Sternum,
Clavicle, and Mastoid Process
ILIO COSTALIS: attaches to
the ilium & ribs
Function of muscle
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NAME ACTION EXAMPLE
FLEXOR Decrease ang’hile at a joint Flexor Carpi Radialis
EXTENSOR Increase angle at a joint Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
ABDUCTOR Move bone away from midline Abductor Pollicis Longus
ADDUCTOR Move bone toward midline Adductor Longus
LEVATOR Produces upward movement Levator Scapulae
DEPRESSOR Produces downward movement Depressor Labii Inferioris
SUPINATOR Turn palm upward/anteriorly Supinator
PRONATOR Turn palm downward/posteriorly Pronator Teres
Body Muscles
Extremity Movement
6 muscle groups of head and neck
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Facial
Eye
Mastication
Tongue
Pharynx
Neck
Muscles of vertebral column
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Spinal Flexor Transversospinalis
Superficial Spinal Extensor Spinalis group
Longissimus group
Iliocostalis group
Deep Spinal Extensor Semispinalis group
Multifidus muscle
Interspinalis muscles
Intertransversarii muscles
Rotatores muscles
Oblique Muscles compress underlying structures
rotate vertebral column
Rectus Muscles flex vertebral column
oppose erector spinae
6 muscles that position the Pectoral Girdle
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Trapezius
• Serratus
Rhomboid
• Levator Scapulae
Subclavius
• Pectoralis Minor
Muscles that move the Arm
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Rotator
Cuff
Deltoid
Supra spinatus
Latissimus
dorsi
Coraco
brachialis
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Teres major
Subscapularis & teres major
“medial rotation at shoulder
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Infraspinatus & teres minor
“lateral rotation at shoulder”
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13 muscles that move Forearm & Hand
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A
• Biceps brachii “flex elbow, stabilize joint”
• Triceps brachii “extend elbow”
B
• Brachialis and brachioradialis “flex elbow”
• Anconeus “opposes brachialis”
C
• Palmaris longus ”flex wrist”
• Flexor carpi ulnaris ”flex/ adduct wrist”
• Flexor carpi redialis “flex/ abduct wrist”
D
• Extensor carpi radialis “extend/ abduct wrist”
• Extensor carpi ulnaris “extend/ adduct wrist”
E
• Pronator teres and supinator “rotate radialis”
• Pronator quadratus “assist pronator teres”
Palmaris longus ”flex wrist”
Flexor carpi ulnaris ”flex/ adduct wrist”
Flexor carpi redialis “flex/ abduct wrist
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Extensor carpi radialis “extend/ abduct wrist”
Extensor carpi ulnaris “extend/ adduct wrist”
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Pronator teres and supinator “rotate radialis”
Pronator quadratus “assist pronator teres”
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Muscles that move Lower Limb
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Thigh and Gluteal Muscles
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o Cover lateral surface of ilia.
Gluteus maximus:
largest, most posterior gluteal muscle
produces extension and lateral rotation at hip
Tensor fasciae latae:
works with gluteus maximus
stabilizes iliotibial tract
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus:
originate anterior to gluteus maximus insert on trochanter
Muscles that
move the Leg
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Flexors of Knee
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus-
Semitendinosus
Sartorius:
Popliteus:
Muscles that
move the Leg
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Extensors of Knee
Quadriceps Femoris
3 vastus
Rectus femoris
