Nose & Para nasal Nose & Para nasal sinussinus

PROF. DR MASOOD AHMEDPROF. DR MASOOD AHMED

MBBS,MPHIL,PHDMBBS,MPHIL,PHD

Nose & Paranasal sinus:Nose & Paranasal sinus: Describe histological features of Describe histological features of

vestibular, respiratory and olfactory vestibular, respiratory and olfactory mucosa of nose mucosa of nose

Describe histological features of mucous Describe histological features of mucous membrane Para nasal sinusesmembrane Para nasal sinuses

Identify under microscope the histological Identify under microscope the histological features of various parts of mucous features of various parts of mucous membrane of nose and para nasal sinusesmembrane of nose and para nasal sinuses..

ANATOMY OF THE NOSEANATOMY OF THE NOSE

Anatomy of the noseAnatomy of the nose

Vestibular partVestibular partFrom anterior nostrils to From anterior nostrils to

inferior conchainferior concha Respiratory partRespiratory partFrom inferior concha to From inferior concha to

the posterior nostril the posterior nostril and up to the superior and up to the superior conchaconcha

Olfactory partOlfactory part Above the superior Above the superior

concha up to the roof concha up to the roof of nose and adjoining of nose and adjoining part of septumpart of septum

Anatomy of the noseAnatomy of the nose

Skeleton of nose is made Skeleton of nose is made up of bone and up of bone and cartilages covered by cartilages covered by mucous membrane mucous membrane

Surface lining of the Surface lining of the three parts of the nose three parts of the nose has different structure has different structure depending on the depending on the functionfunction

Para nasal sinusesPara nasal sinuses Para nasal Para nasal

sinusessinuses are are empty spaces empty spaces with in the skull with in the skull bones around bones around the nose.the nose.

They open into They open into the nose.the nose.

They are lined They are lined by respiratory by respiratory mucosamucosa

Named as Named as frontal, frontal, maxillary, maxillary, sphenoid and sphenoid and ethemoidethemoid

Nasal cavitiesNasal cavities

Vestibular partVestibular part

Covered by skin Covered by skin Having coarse hairs Having coarse hairs

called vibrissaecalled vibrissae Serve as initial filter to Serve as initial filter to

stop the entry of stop the entry of particulate material into particulate material into the nosethe nose

Sebaceous and sweat Sebaceous and sweat gland help in moistening gland help in moistening and warming the the and warming the the dried airdried air

Respiratory mucosaRespiratory mucosa

Five type of cells Five type of cells present in epithelial present in epithelial lininglining

Ciliated columnar cells, Ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells, APUD cells, goblet cells, APUD cells, basal stem cells and basal stem cells and brush cells with brush cells with microvilli (sensory microvilli (sensory function)function)

Mucous membrane Mucous membrane adherent to underlying adherent to underlying periosteum and periosteum and perichondriumperichondrium

Respiratory Mucus MembraneRespiratory Mucus Membrane

Respiratory part of Respiratory part of nose and Para nasal nose and Para nasal sinuses are Lined by sinuses are Lined by respiratory mucous respiratory mucous membranemembrane

Psudostratified Psudostratified columnar ciliated columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet epithelium with goblet cellscells

Lamina propria Lamina propria containing mucous containing mucous and serous glandsand serous glands

Numerous thin walled Numerous thin walled veins specially over veins specially over the inferior concha the inferior concha

Nasal ConchaeNasal Conchae

Nasal Conchae – spicule of bone Nasal Conchae – spicule of bone covered with Resp Epith w/ a lamina covered with Resp Epith w/ a lamina

propria w/ many veinspropria w/ many veins

Diagram of the Olfactory Diagram of the Olfactory EpitheliumEpithelium

Psudostratified Psudostratified columnar cells with columnar cells with three didifferent three didifferent type of cellstype of cells

L.P containing L.P containing loose CT, BV and loose CT, BV and small serous small serous glands and bundle glands and bundle of axonsof axons

OLFACTORY MUCOSAOLFACTORY MUCOSA

Psudostratified Psudostratified columnar ciliated columnar ciliated epitheliumepithelium

Three type of cellsThree type of cells True bipolar True bipolar

olfactory cellsolfactory cells Sustentacular Sustentacular

supporting cells &supporting cells & Basal stem cellsBasal stem cells

SEM of the surface of the Olfactory SEM of the surface of the Olfactory EpitheliumEpithelium

From each From each Bipolar cells Bipolar cells arise 12 non arise 12 non motile modified motile modified cilia from cilia from olfactory nobe olfactory nobe

From basal end From basal end arise axonearise axone

Pierce basement Pierce basement membranemembrane

Group of axons Group of axons pierce cribriform pierce cribriform plateplate

Olfactory mucosaOlfactory mucosa

Supporting cellsSupporting cells Wider at upper endWider at upper end Long microvilli arising Long microvilli arising

from this surfacefrom this surface Junctional complexes Junctional complexes

present between two present between two cellscells

Serous glands called Serous glands called BOWMANS GLAND BOWMANS GLAND present in L.Ppresent in L.P

please noteplease note

Mucous secretion traps the particulate matterMucous secretion traps the particulate matter Cilia sweep the mucous towards pharynx to swallowCilia sweep the mucous towards pharynx to swallow Numerous veins and mucous help in air Numerous veins and mucous help in air

conditioning (warming and moistening)conditioning (warming and moistening) Olfactory epithelium is yellowish in colour Olfactory epithelium is yellowish in colour Supporting cells have lipofucine pigment , may be Supporting cells have lipofucine pigment , may be

phagocytic in functionphagocytic in function Bowmans gland secretion dissolve the content and Bowmans gland secretion dissolve the content and

help in olfactionhelp in olfaction