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Anatomy of the neck
Professor Dr. Mohamed El fiky
Professor of anatomy and Embryology
Cutaneous nerves
• The neck are supplied by the anterior rami of C2, 3 & 4 through the cutaneous branches of cervical plexus :u Lesser occipital (C2) uGreat auricular (C 2 & 3)uTransverse cervical (C 2 & 3)uSupraclavicular (C 3 & 4)
•
Superficial veins of the neck External jugular vein
• Course and relations :§ Begins behind the angle of mandible by the union of :
Ø Posterior auricular Ø Posterior division of posterior facial
vein.¡ It descends obliquely backwards across the sternomastoid¡ About 1 inch above the middle of the
clavicle it pierces the deep fascia to
• end in the subclavian vein. • Tributaries
1. Posterior auricular vein.2. Posterior division of the posterior facial vein 3. Posterior external jugular vein.4. Transverse cervical vein.5. Suprascapular vein.6. Anterior jugular veins.
Anterior jugular vein
• Begins below the chin and descends close to midline to the suprasternal notch where it joins its fellow forming jugular arch.
• The vein then bends sharply laterally deep to the sternomastoid to drain into the external jugular
Platysma Muscle
• It lies in the superficial fascia of the side of the neck.
• Origin: From the deep fascia covering the pectoral region.
• Insertion: Into the lower border of the mandible.
• Nerve supply: Facial nerve (Cervical branch).
• Action: Depresses the mandible and draws down the angle of the mouth .
Sternomastoid Origin: u Sternal head : from the superolateral part of the front of the
manubrium sierni. v Clavicular head : from the medial 1/3 of the superior surface of the
clavicle. Insertion : u Lateral surface of the mastoid process. v Lateral half of the superior nuchal line. Nerve supply: u Spinal accessory (motor).v Branches from ventral rami of C2,3 (sensory, proprioceptive). Actions: (A) When one muscle contracts:
u Turns the face to the opposite side. v Tilts the head towards the shoulder .(B) When both muscles contract together : flex the neck.
SternomastoidMuscle
Sternal Head
Clavicular Head
MastoidProcess
Superior Nuchal Line
Posterior triangle Boundaries : • Anterior : posterior border of sternomastoid.• Posterior : anterior border of trapezius. • Inferior(base) : intermediate of third of the clavicle • Apex : meeting of trapeziue and sternomastoidRoof : formed by • (1) skin; (2) superficial fascia and platysma (3) deep fascia Floor : formed by the following muslces from above downwards: (1) Semispinalis capitits (2) splenius capitis . (3) levator scapula (4) Scalenus posterior . (5) scalenus medius. • Division of the triangle: it is subdivided by the inferior belly of
mohyoid into: u Occipital triangle : the larger uper part.v Supraclavicular triangle : the smaller lower part.
Anterior Triangle of
The Neck
Posterior Triangle of
The Neck
Inferior belly ofOmohyoid Muscle
OccipitalTriangle
• Contents of the posterior triangle: • u Nerves : • Rootsandtrunksof • brachial plexus. • Branches of cervical • plexus • Spinalaccessory. • v Arteries: • Third part of subclavian. • Trnasverse cervical. • Suprascapular. • Occipital .
w Veins :a. Subclavian.b. Transverse cervical.c. Suprascapular.d. Lower part of the external jugular. xMuslces : inferior belly of omohyoid. y Lymph nodes: •Supraclavicular : along the lower part of the posterior border of the sternomastoid muscle. •Occipital : at the apex of the triangle.
1- Spinal accesory nerve
2- Branches of cervical plexus
3- Roots and trunks of the brachial plexus
4- Transverse cervical artery
5- Suprascapular artery
7- 3rd part ofsubclavian artery
6- Subclavian vein
Roots
Cords
Divisions
Trunks
anterior
posterior
Branches
C6
C7
C8
T1
Deep part ofExternal jugular vein
Semispinalis capitis
Splenius capitis
Levator Scapulae
Scalenus medius
Scalenus posterior
The floor of the triangleis covered by Deep layer of
investing cervical fascia
Torticollis