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Salivary Glands
Dr Prennie VidieraFather Muller Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital
• Parotid glands
• Submandibular glands
• Sublingual glands
• Numerous small glands situated in the mucous membrane
– Lips : labial glands
– Cheeks: buccal glands
– Tongue: lingual glands
– Palate: palatine glands
• Secretions,
– Keep mouth moist
– Protection
– Lubrication
– Enzymes (amylase & lysozymes)
– Immunoglobulin A
• Salivary glands are compound tubulo-alveolar glands (racemose)
• Secretory elements (end pieces/portioterminalis)
may be
rounded (acini)
pear shaped (alveoli)
tubular
mixture (tubulo-acinar or tubulo-alveolar)
secretory element
lead into
Series of ducts
through
Secretions are poured into the oral cavity
• On section,
large number of closely packed acini/alveoli
Ducts scattered between them
• Supported by connective tissue
Connective tissue,
• divides glands into lobules
• forms capsules
Blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves run in the
connective tissue
Alveoli
• Cell lining are serous / mucous
Serous
Stain darkly
(zymogengranules)
Rounded nuclei
Towards the base
Mucous
Stains lightly
Appears empty
Cells filled with mucoid
materials
Flattened Nuclei towards
basements
Alveolus
• Made up of serous or mucous cells
• Some cases,
mucous alveoli are covered by groups of serous cells
arranged in the form of
Crescents or demilunes
Alveolus in,
parotid gland – entirely serous
occ, mucous
submandibular gland – mixed
Sublingual gland – mucous
• Secretory unit/ gland,
with only one type of cell – homocrine
more than one variety – heterocrine
All the 3 major salivary glands are heterocrine
Secretions produced in alveoli pass along
A system of ducts (different parts of these have differing structure)
smallest ducts
Intercalated ducts lined by
Cuboidal / flattened cells open into
Straited ducts Lined by
Columnar cells
Open into
Excretory ducts
Lined by
Simple columnar epithelium
Myoepithelial cells
• Present in relation to alveoli & intercalated ducts of salivary glands.
• On alveoli, these are branched.
• On ducts, these are fusiform & run longitudinally
• Cilia are present on some
• These are contractile
• Contractions help to squeeze out secretion from alveoli