STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES

Presented by,

AISWARYA.A.T,

First year M.Pharm.,

Dept. of Pharmacy

Practice,

Grace College of Pharmacy.

Sterilization is the killing or removal of all

microorganisms, including bacterial spores

which are highly resistant.

The terms sterile, sterilize & sterilization

refers to complete absence or destruction of

microorganism.

STERILIZATION

The aim of sterilization processes is to:

•Ensure that the preparations are free from all

the viable forms of microbes.

•Assure that the whole process has taken

place with the highest degree of expectations.

•Make sure that the preparations are from the

chances of infections & are safe for use.

Effectiveness of sterilization depends

upon:

STERILIZING MATERIAL

STERILIZING AGENT

TIME

STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES

Physical methods

DRY HEAT STERILIZATION

INCINERATION

DIRECT FLAME

RED HEAT

HOT AIR

MOIST HEAT STERILIZATION

BOILING

PASTEURISATION

TYNDALLISATION

AUTOCLAVE

or FRACTIONAL

STERILIZATION

STERILIZATION BY USING LOW

TEMPERATURES

Freeze & thaw

Freezing

Freeze drying

Lyophilization

4-7oC

-

20oC-

196oC

RADIATION/

COLD STERILIZATION

Non-ionising radiations : UV light

Ionizing radiations:X-rays,gamma rays

Electromagnetic radiations

FILTRATION/MECHANICAL METHODS

Asbestos filter (seitz filter)

Sintered glass filter (morton filter)

Filter candles (ceramic/ Berkefeld

filter)

Membrane filter (Millipore/ultra filter)

Chemical methods

GASEOUS

STERILISATIONDISINFECTANTS

•ethylene oxide

•Formaldehyde

•ozone

•Phenol & phenolics

•Alcohols

•Aldehydes

•Dyes

•Halogens

•Surface active agents