1- Pinna (Auricle)

2- External auditory

meatus (auditory canal)

3-Tympanic membrane

(eardrum)

4- Malleus

5- Incus

6- Stapes

7- Oval window

8- Estachian tube

9- Cochlea

10- Auditory nerve fibers

11- Vestibule

12- Semicircular canals

Pathway of sound

vibrations from the

outer ear to the brain

(A)Healthy tympanic

membrane.

(B) Tympanic membrane with

cholesteatoma.

(C) Tympanic membrane with

acute otitis media

Light head

Magnifying lens

On/Off switch

Handle

(A)Correct technique for otoscopy.

(B) An otoscope with a pneumatic device for pneumatic otoscopy.