What is required in a radiograph in addition to adequate demonstration of a part examined?

Very simply the answer is identification.

Any radiograph whatsoever should included on it, preferably in indelible form the following information;

1. Full name2. Date of birth.3. Hospital number or code.4. Name of hospital.5. Date and time of examination

1. Right or left marker.2. Position of patient or projection, e.g. PA, RAO, ERCET,

ect.3. Timing of the film in given sequence, e.g. 5 min, 1 h,

ect.4. Number of film in rapid sequence, e.g. in aortography.5. Layer height in tomography.6. Tube angulation used.7. Whether moblie or ward radiograph.8. Stereographs - direction of tube displacement.9. Miscellaneous information, e.g.. Post micturition ,

after fatty meal.

1. Readable when the radiograph is viewed from correct aspect.

2. Not superimposed on any important anatomy.

3. Included within the collimated area.

1. Radiographer’s or technologist’s identity.

2. The particular cassette or screen used.

1. Opaque letters and legends.2. Perforating devices.3. Actinic marker.

(a) Radiopaque legends and letters for use in marking radiograph(b) Marker for radiographs upper the letter is incised in a thin piece of metal. Centre the letter lead, mounted in a Perspex plaque. Lower single lead character.

(1) Lead letters and legends

Anatomical marker suitable for placing over the edge of a cassette to record on the film either the right or left.

Right (R) and left marker for anatomical orientation.

Cone radiograph marker may obscured anatomical structures of interest

Accurately hung and mark radiograph wrong hung PA projection

The character should not be placed where to obscure a feature of diagnostic importance.

If the irradiated field is limited by a cone or collimator its useless to place a marker close to the border of the cassette as it will receive no exposure.

(a) Contact printing.(b) photographic marker (using simple lens

system).

Work either like direct printing boxes or like simple camera and light is used to affect the film.

An actinic marker of printing-box type.

A Kodak X-omatic cassette showing the widow through Which patient detail may be Photograph.

A photographic maker, the from A is transferred to a radiograph placed at B

Permanent identification. Is economical in time. Shows information neatly and uniformly. Reduces the likelihood of error

Films and other records may be perforated with letters or figures as means of identification using machines.

Most applicable when a large number of radiographs has to be marked with same information e.g. hospital name and date of examination.

Embossed dot; Dental films packet, as well as on film it selfAs raised dot.When exposing the film, the convexity of the dot must be towards the x-ray tube, and the film is positioned in the mouth so that the dot is always towards the crown.Provided that film is viewed with dot convexity toward the observer.

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Upper

Lower

Features of good illuminator are;(1)Light of even intensity.(2)Light should as white as possible.(3)Minimal heat given off by the light source.(4)A facility for varying the brightness.(5)A high intensity light (spot light) incorporated.(6)Transparent film grips, so that identification is always visible.

Torso, vertebral, cranial, shoulder, hip radiograph: as if the patient is standing in an upright position.

Decubitus chest and abdominal radiographs: so that the side of the patient that was positioned upward when radiograph was taken is upward on the hung radiograph.

Toe and AP and oblique foot radiographs: as if the patient is hanging from toes.

Lateral foot, ankle, lower leg and femur radiograph: as if they are hanging from the hip.

Finger wrist, and forearm radiographs: as if the patient is hanging from fingertips.

Elbow and humerus radiograph: as if they are hanging from the patients shoulder.