What is Eustachian Tube Dysfunction?

What is the Eustachian Tube?

The Eustachian Tube is a small tube that connects the air-filled middle ear to the back of the nose and

throat (nasopharynx).

Function of the Eustachian Tube

3 Main Functions:1. Equalizes air pressure between the middle

ear and nasopharynx.

2. Protects the middle ear from nasopharyngeal secretions and loud sounds.

3. Ventilation and drainage of the middle ear.

What is Eustachian Tube Dysfunction?

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction occurs when the Eustachian tube does not open and close properly to allow drainage and ventilation of the middle ear.

This causes a build up of pressure and/or mucous in the middle ear and can lead to a middle ear infection (otitis media).

What Causes Eustachian Tube Dysfunction?

2 Main Causes:1. Upper respiratory infection, sinus infection, or

allergies causes a swelling in the lining of the tissues of the Eustachian Tube.

2. Rapid change in outside air pressure, such as when descending in an airplane or scuba diving.

In rare cases, a mass or tumor in the nasopharynx can cause Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.

What are the Symptoms?• Pressure or fullness in the ear

• “Clicking” or “popping” noises in the ear

• Temporary hearing loss

• Pain in the ear (otalagia)

How is it Diagnosed?3 Common Tests:

Pneumatic Otoscopy

A “puff” of air is delivered into the ear. If movement of the eardrum can be visualized then the Eustachian tube function is likely normal.

Tympanometry

Measures middle ear pressure with a pressure change delivered to the ear canal.

Nasopharyngoscope

A mirrored scope is inserted down the nose to rule out a mass in the nasopharyngeal space.

Other tests for Eustachian tube dysfunction may include: imaging, Eustachian tube catheterization, Valsalva and Toynbee tests.

How is it Treated?

Self-treatment using the Valsalva maneuverThis is done by pinching the nose, closing the mouth and blowing. If dizziness occurs during or immediately after performing the Valsalva maneuver, see a physician.

Treatment of the underlying ailment (upper respiratory infection, sinus infection, or allergies)Typical treatments are antihistamines, decongestants, or prescription nasal sprays.

Pressure Equalization Tube (PE Tube)Surgically inserted into the eardrum to equalize middle ear pressure.

Can Eustachian Tube Dysfunction cause lasting problems?

Unresolved Eustachian Tube Dysfunction can lead to a middle ear infection (otitis media).

Resources:

http://earpopper.com/

http://www.amplivox.ltd.uk/amplivox-otowave-102-and-auditbase-connectivity/