Introduction

Marchelle DavisCourtney ZuberNicole CoetzerMadison Hall

• Click on the question marks to reveal the answer.

• Click BACK to go to the list of words

• Click NEXT to go to the next topic

Structure and Function

Anatomy ?????Physiology ?????

NEXT

the study of the body's structures of living organisms

Anatomy

BACK

Physiology

the study of the functions of each

structure

BACK

Life CharacteristicsResponsiveness ?????

Conductivity ?????

Growth ?????

Respiration ?????

Digestion ?????

Absorption ?????

Secretion ?????

Excretion ?????

Circulation ?????

Reproduction ?????

NEXT

ResponsivenessPermits an organism to

sense, monitor, and respond to change in its

environment.

BACK

ConductivityPermits an organism to

sense, monitor, and respond to change in

its environment.

BACK

Growth

Normal increase in size or number of

cells

BACK

RespirationProcess that results in

absorption, transport, utilization, or exchange or respiratory gases between

an organism and its environment

BACK

DigestionProcess by which complex

food products are broken down into simpler

substances

BACK

AbsorptionProcess by which complex

food products are broken down into simpler

substances

BACK

SecretionProduction and delivery of

specialized substances for diverse body functions

BACK

ExcretionRemoval of waste products

produced during body functions

BACK

CirculationRefers to the

movement of body fluids

BACK

ReproductionInvolves the formation of a

new individual

BACK

Human OrganizationCell ?????

Tissue ?????

Organ ?????

Organ system ?????

Organism ?????

NEXT

Cell The basic unit of structure and function

in living things May serve a specific function within the

organism Examples: blood cells, nervous cells,

bone cells, etc.

BACK

Tissue Made up of cells that are similar in

structure and function and which work together to preform a specific activity

Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve.

Examples: blood, nerves, bone, etc.

BACK

Organ Made up of tissues that work together to

perform a specific activity Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc.

BACK

Organ System Groups of two or more tissues that work

together to perform a specific function for the organism

The human body has 11 organ systems: circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory,

BACK

Organism Entire living things that can carry out all

basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce.

Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist.

Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human

BACK

HomeostasisHomeostasis ?????

Endocrine System ?????

NEXT

Positive Feedback ?????

Negative Feedback ?????

Homeostasisa state of balance inside the body, where the body systems work together to

keep it functioning normally

BACK

Endocrine System Keeps the internal balance act going by

releasing chemicals called hormones. The release of the hormones is

controlled by negative feedback mechanisms

BACK

Anatomical Planes

Anterior ?????

Posterior ?????

Distal ?????

Proximal ?????

Dorsal ?????

Ventral ?????

Superior ?????

Inferior ?????

Lateral ?????

medial ?????

Directional planes- describe the locations of structures relation to other structures or locations in the body

NEXT

AnteriorToward the front of the body Example: The nose is on the

anterior of the head

BACK

PosteriorToward the back (rear) Example:

The heel is posterior to the head

BACK

DistalAway from the trunk or point of attachment Example: The hand is

distal to the elbow.

BACK

ProximalToward an internal organ; away

from the outer wall (describes relative position in a limb or other appendage) Example: The joint is

proximal to the toenail.

BACK

DorsalAlong (or toward) the vertebral surface of the body Example: Her scar is along the dorsal surface

BACK

Ventral Along (toward) the belly surface of the body Example: The navel is

on the ventral surface.

BACK

SuperiorToward the top of the body Example: The shoulders are

superior to the hips

BACK

InferiorToward the bottom of the body Example: The stomach is inferior

to the heart

BACK

LateralToward the side; away from the

midsagittal plane Example: The eyes are lateral to the nose.

BACK

MedialToward the midsagittal plane; away from the side Example: The

eyes are medial to the ears.

BACK

Anatomical Planes

Lateral or Sagittal Plane ?????

Parasagittal Plane ?????

Midsagittal Plane ?????

Frontal or Coronal Plane ?????

Transverse Plane ?????

Body planes- a person standing in an upright position then dissecting this person with vertical and horizontal planes

NEXT

Lateral or Sagittal PlaneImagine a vertical plane that

runs through your body from front to back or back to front. This plane divides the body into right and left regions

BACK

Parasagittal PlaneSagittal plane that divides

the body into unequal right and left regions

BACK

Midsagittal Plane Sagittal plane that divides the body into

equal right and left regions.

BACK

Frontal or Coronal PlaneImagine a vertical plane that

runs through the center of your body from side to side. This plane divides the body

into front (anterior) and back (posterior) regions

BACK

Transverse PlaneImagine a horizontal plane

that runs through the midsection of your body. This plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower

(inferior) regions

BACK

Directional termsCaudal ?????

Cephalad ?????

Visceral ?????

Parietal ?????

Deep ?????

Superficial ?????

Medullary ?????

Cortical ?????

Ipsilateral ?????

Contralateral ?????

NEXT

CaudalToward the tail Example: The

neck is caudal to the skull.

BACK

CephaladToward the head Example:

The neck is cephalad to the tail

BACK

VisceralToward an internal organ;

away from the outer wall (describes positions inside

a body cavity) Example: This organ is covered with

the visceral layer of the membrane

BACK

ParietalToward the wall; away from internal structures Example: The abdominal cavity is lined with the

parietal peritoneal membrane.

BACK

DeepToward the inside of a

part; away from the surface Example: The

thigh muscles are deep to the skin.

BACK

SuperficialToward the surface of a part; away from the inside

Example: The skin is a superficial organ.

BACK

MedullaryRefers to an inner region,

or medulla Example: The medullary portion of the

organ contains nerve tissue.

BACK

CorticalRefers to an outer region

or cortex. Example: The cortical area produces

hormones.

BACK

IpsilateralOn the same side (of the body) as Example: The left knee is ipsilateral to the

left ankle.

BACK

ContralateralOn the opposite side of the body Example: The left

knee is contralateral to the right knee.

BACK

Body OrganizationEar ?????

Nose ?????

Mouth ?????

Neck ?????

Point of shoulder ?????

Armpit ?????

Breast ?????

Arm ?????

Back of elbow ?????

Front of elbow ?????

NEXT

Body Organization cont…Stomach ?????

Reproductive organs ?????

Wrist ?????

Palm ?????

Finger ?????

Ankle ?????

NEXT

EarOtic

BACK

NoseNasal

BACK

MouthOral

BACK

NeckCervical

BACK

Point of shoulderAcromial

BACK

ArmpitAxillary

BACK

BreastMammary

BACK

ArmBrachial

BACK

Back of ElbowAntecubital

BACK

Front of elbowAntebrachial

BACK

StomachAbdominal

BACK

Reproductive OrgansGenital

BACK

WristCarpal

BACK

PalmPalmer

BACK

FingerDigital

BACK

AnkleTarsal

BACK

THANKS FOR

PARTICIPATING!!!

!