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TheNetworkofChristianCounselors13February2017
Copyright©2017.HarryMorgan,M.A.,M.Div.,Th.M.,Ph.D.AllRightsReservedPermissiongrantedtoreproducewithattribution&citationofwww.http://networkofchristiancounselors.com/
Part I. Fundamental Ethical Considerations for Christian Mental Health Clinicians
Part II. Online-line Ethical Considerations for Christian Mental Health Clinicians
Part III. Avoiding Common Security Breaches & HIPPA Violations
1. Increaseunderstandingofkeydefinitionsassociatedwithethicsincounseling.
2. Understandtheimportanceofprofessionalvaluesandethicsincounseling
3. GainknowledgeoftheCodeofEthicsforAACC4. Identifyappropriateboundariesincounseling
relationships5. Assistpractitionersinresolvingethicaldilemmas6. Appreciatethefoundationsofethicalthoughtand
behavior7. IncreaseawarenessofStateofFloridadisciplinary
actions3
Part I.
• Morality
DEFINITIONS:
• Law
• Ethics
4
• Counseling
• ChristianCounseling
• σύµβουλος (sumboulos)=(σύµ) with+(βουλή)advice,direction
(kho-bal)derivedfromthenounsחבלaropeorחבל aropepuller,asailor,apilot(plur.fem.rule,government)
תחבלה
Theprovisionofassistanceandguidanceinresolvingpersonal,social,orpsychologicalproblemsanddifficulties,especiallybyaprofessional.
"Clinicalmentalhealthcounselingisadistinctprofessionwithnationalstandardsforeducation,trainingandclinicalpractice.Clinicalmentalhealthcounselorsarehighly-skilledprofessionalswhoprovideflexible,consumer-orientedtherapy.Theycombinetraditionalpsychotherapywithapractical,problem-solvingapproachthatcreatesadynamicandefficientpathforchangeandproblemresolution."
American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA), http://www.amhca.org/about/facts.aspx
WARNING:NotallCounselingisthesame!
Proverbs14:12Thereisawaythatseemsrighttoaman,butitsendis thewayofdeath.(cf.also16:25)
Proverbs1:5Awisemanwillhearandincrease
learning,andamanofunderstandingwillattainwisecounsel
Hobart Mowrer(1907-1982)
“Forseveraldecadeswepsychologistslookeduponthewholematterofsinandmoralaccountabilityasagreatincubusandacclaimedourliberationfromitasepochmaking.Butatlengthwehavediscoveredthattobefreeinthissense,thatis,tohavetheexcuseofbeingsickratherthansinful,istocourtthedangerofalsobecominglost…Inbecomingamoral,ethicallyneutralandfree,wehavecuttheveryrootsofourbeing,lostourdeepestsenseofselfhoodandidentity,andwithneurotics,themselves,wefindourselvesasking:WhoamI,whatismydeepestdestiny,whatdoeslivingmean?”“Sin,theLesserofTwoEvils,”AmericanPsychologist,15(1960):301-30
“Thedeeperone’sthoughtpenetrateinthefieldofpsychotherapy,thecloseronecomestotherealmoftheology…Thefundamentalquestionswithwhichpsychotherapyendscanonlybeansweredwiththeology.”
(RolloMay,1967,page218)
Itisnottheexperienceoflife,buttheexperienceofthecrossthatmakesoneaworthyhearerofconfessions.ThemostexperiencedpsychologistorobserverofhumannatureknowsinfinitelylessofthehumanheartthesimplestChristianwholivesbeneaththecrossofJesus.Thegreatestpsychologicalinsight,ability,andexperiencecannotgraspthisBonhoeffer
onething:whatsinis.Worldlywisdomknowswhatdistressandweaknessandfailureare,butitdoesnotknowthegodlessnessofmen.Andsoitalsodoesnotknowthatmanisdestroyedonlybyhissinandcanbehealedonlybyforgiveness.OnlytheChristianknowsthis.Inthepresenceofapsychiatrist,Icanonlybeasickman;inthepresenceoftheChristianbrother,Icandaretobeasinner.
Ø Makingdecisionsofamoralnatureaboutpeopleandtheirinteractioninthesociety.(Kitchener,1986,p.306)
Ø Usedsynonymouslywithmorality.Ethicsandmoralityoverlap.Bothdealwith“whatisgoodandbadorthestudyofhumanconductandvalues.”(VanHoose&Kottler,1985,p.2)
Ø Yeteachhasadifferentmeaning.Ø Ethicsareaphilosophicaldisciplinethatisconcerned
withhumanconductandmoraldecisionmaking.(VanHoose&Kottler,1985,p.2)
Ø Ethicsare normativeinnature.Ø Ethicsfocusonprinciplesandstandardsthatgovern
relationshipsbetweenindividuals.
Ø Adescriptionofwhatis – thecustomsthatgovernagivengroupofpeople
Latin:moralis – manner,custom,moréØ Judgmentorevaluationofaction.Ø Associatedwithwordssuchasgood,bad,right,
wrong,oughtandshould. (Grant,1992)Ø Thetheoriescounselorsemployhaveembedded
withinthemmoralpresuppositionsabouthumannaturethatimplicitlyandexplicitlyquestionfirst-
“whatshouldapersonbeorbecome?”(Christopher,1996,p.18)
• Ethicsdeclareswhatought tobe– howagivengroupofpeopleshould behaveasmeasuredagainstsomehigherstandardofrightandwrong
R.C.Sproul
Rejectingabsolutes,ahigherstandard,(universals)hasresultedin“statisticalethics”– asystembasedonwhatisnormal.
Ø Theprecisecodificationofgoverningstandardsthatareestablishedtoensurelegalandmoraljustice.(Remley &Herlihy,2010)
Ø Lawiscreatedbylegislation,courtdecision,andtradition.
Ø Thelawdictateswhatislegalandnotwhatisethical.
Ø Sometimeswhatislegalisconsideredasimmoralbythesociety.
Forexample– 1857DredScottv.Sanford;1927Buckv.Bell
• Anunderstandingofwhatisrightandwrong?• Howcanweknowwhatisrightandwrong?
Hebrew:amen
Greek:alethia
Latin:veritas
1. An argument that presents two alternatives, each of which has risks and benefits.
2. A situation that requires a choice between options that are or seem equally unfavorable or mutually exclusive.
3. A problem that seems to defy a satisfactory solution.
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Ø Providesclinicianswithguidance.Ø Protectsthepublicfromincompetentclinicians.Ø Protectsprofessionalsfromlitigation.Ø Allowsforself-regulationratherthan
governmentcontrol.Ø Enablescolleaguestoliveinharmonywitheach
other.Ø Providesconsistencyinpracticeandvalues.
Levinson,op.cit.
21
“Conflictswithmanaged-carecompanies,theurgencyofpatient’sneeds,thelackofadequatesupport,thepossibilityofformalcomplaints,mind-deafeningroutines,endlesspaperwork,worryingaboutmakingendsmeet,fatigue,andsomuchelsecanbegintoblockourpersonresponsivenessandalloursenseofpersonalresponsibility.Theycanoverwhelmus,drainus,distractus,andlawlessintoethicalsleep.Itiscrucialtopracticecontinuedalertnessandmindfulawarenessoftheethicalimplicationsofwhatwechoosetodoandnotdo.”
Levinson,op.cit.
A continuous, active process that involves constant questioning and personal responsibility.
22
“Awarenessoftheevolvingresearchandtheoryinthescientificandprofessionalliteratureisanotherimportantaspectofethicalconfidence,buttheclaimsandconclusionsemergingintheliteraturecanneverbepassivelyacceptedorreflexivelyappliednomatterhowpopular,authoritative,orseeminglyobvious.Anecessaryresponsetopublishedclaimsandconclusionsisactive,careful,informed,persistent,andcomprehensivequestioning.”
Levinson,op.cit.
23
“Webelievethattheoverwhelmingmajorityoftherapistsandcounselorsareconscientious,dedicated,caringindividuals,committedtoethicalbehavior.Butnoneofusisinfallible.Allofuscan– anddo– makemistakes,overlooksomethingimportant,workfromalimitedperspective,reachconclusionsthatarewrong,holdtighttoacherishedbeliefthatismisguided.Animportantpartofourworkisquestioningourselves,asking“whatifI’mwrongaboutthis?IstheresomethingI’moverlooking?Couldtherebeanotherwayofunderstandingthesituation?Arethereotherpossibilities?Couldtherebemorecreative,moreeffective,betterwayofresponding?”
Levinson,op.cit.24
Ø Non-Malfeasance1. Avoidharm2. Donoharm3. Publicperceptionofprofession4. Avoidconflictsofinterest5. Integrity6. Confidence
Ø SocialJustice1. Equaltreatment2. Nondiscrimination3. Respectfordiversity
Levinson,op.cit.25
27
The American Mental Health Counselors Association
http://www.amhca.org/page/codeofethics
28
http://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center/ethics
29
http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/default.asp
National Association of Social Workers
30
http://www.nbcc.org/Certification/Ethics
31
http://www.aamft.org/iMIS15/AAMFT/
TheCodeisprimarilyorganizedalong8foundationalpillarsthatformthebasisforethicalandChrist-centeredpractice.TheseCorePrinciplesinclude:
Ø CompassioninChristianCounseling–ACalltoServanthood
Ø CompetenceinChristianCounseling–ACalltoExcellence
Ø ConsentinChristianCounseling–ACalltoIntegrity
Ø ConfidentialityinChristianCounseling–ACalltoTrustworthiness
Ø CulturalRegardinChristianCounseling–ACalltoDignity
Ø CaseManagementinChristianCounseling–ACalltoSoundness
Ø CollegialityinChristianCounseling–ACalltoRelationship
Ø CommunityPresenceinChristianCounseling–ACalltoHumility
ThisCode—beyonddefiningtheboundariesofunethicalpractice—affirmativelyeducatescounselorsinthedirectionofbecominghelpersofethicalexcellence,capableofmoreconsistentlysecuringthebestcounselingoutcomes.4streamsofinfluenceareevident:1. TheBible(botholdandnewtestaments)andhistoric
orthodoxChristiantheology;2. Acceptedstandardsofcounselingandclinicalpractice
fromChristiancaregivingandtheestablishedmentalhealthdisciplines;
3. CodesofethicsfromotherChristianandmentalhealthprofessions;and
4. Currentanddevelopingstandardsderivedfrommentalhealthandministry-relatedlaw.
Strom-Gottfried(2000)reviewed894ethicscasesfiledwithNASW1986- 1997
1. Boundaries2. Poorpractice3. competence4. Recordkeeping5. Honesty6. Confidentiality7. Informedconsent8. Collegialactions9. Reimbursement10. Conflictsofinterest
RecentDisciplinaryActionsTakenby
FLORIDA BOARDOFCLINICALSOCIALWORK,MARRIAGE&FAMILY
THERAPY,ANDMENTALHEALTHCOUNSELING
Arthur H. Mencher, LMHC, Case No. 2009-16602 Mr. Mencher was not present and was represented by Patrick Dahl, Esq. A two count administrative complaint filed June 22, 2011 alleged violations of s. 491.009(1)(w), F.S., by violation of rule 64B4-9.009(2), F.A.C., and s. 491.009(1)(r), F.S., regarding records that do not reflect dates of sessions, treatment plan, financial transactions, lack of reporting patient to DCF due to addictions; respondent engaged in personal relationship with patient; failure to meet minimum standards. A settlement agreement was presented to the Board with the following terms: letter of concern, fine of $1,000.00 payable within 4 years of order; costs of $5,803.00 payable within 4 years; completion of the PBI Professional Boundaries Course within one year; probation for one year; appearance at first meeting after probation commences and last meeting preceding termination of probation. Practice under indirect supervision with probationary terms.
Ricardo W. McQueen, Registered MHC Intern Applicant
Mr. McQueen was not present and was not represented by counsel. Mr. McQueen holds a Master of Arts in Christian Counseling Psychology from Cornerstone Christian University. This university is not accredited by a regional accrediting body. Following discussion, the following action was taken by the Board: Motion: by Ms. Macomber to deny his application to become a registered MHC intern because he does not meet the statutory requirements.
Rhonda C. Grant, Registered CSW Intern, Case No. 2013-11022 Ms. Grant was not present and was not represented by counsel. An administrative complaint filed August 20, 2014 alleged violations of s. 491.009(1)(w) and s. 491.0045(3), F.S., regarding respondent not supervised by a Department approved supervisor since at least 2009. A settlement agreement was presented to the Board with the following terms: reprimand, fine of $500.00 payable within 6 months of the final order, costs not to exceed $4,289.64 to be paid within 180 days of the order. Actual costs in this case are $3,003.74.
Harry Stack Sullivan
“Psychotherapy is a unique profession in that it requires therapists to set aside their own needs in the service of addressing the patient’s needs. Because the needs of the psychotherapists often get in the way of the therapy, the mental health professions have established guidelines, often referred to as boundaries, that are designed to minimize the opportunity for therapists to use their patients for their own gratification” (p. 283).
InappropriateBehaviorsidentifiedintheStrom-Gottfried(2000)study:
• Useofphysicalcontactintreatment• Pursuitofsexualactivitywithclients,
eitherduringorimmediately (?)aftertreatment
• Socialrelationship• Businessrelationships• Bartering
• Autonomy – Theprincipleofhavingcontrol/freedomtomakedecisionsconcerningone’smedicalcare/treatments.
• Veracity – theprincipleoftellingthetruth.• Fidelity – theprincipleofpromisekeeping• InformedConsent– themoralandlegaldoctrinethatpatientsandresearchsubjectsareentitledtogivetheirpermissionforinvolvementintreatment
• Nonmaleficence – firsttodonoharm• Beneficence – considerationofthe“benefit”ofanytreatment
43
44
• American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists. (2015). Code of Ethics . Alexandria, VA: Author.
• American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.
• American Psychological Association. (2010). American Psychological Association Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct . Washington, DC: Author.
• National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of Ethics . Washington, DC: Author.
• National Board for Certified Counselors. (2012). Code of Ethics . Greensboro, NC: Author.
• US Dept. of Health and Human Services. (2006). HIPAA Administrative Simplification . Washington, DC: Author.
• US Dept. of Health and Human Services. (2007). Basics of Risk Analysis and Risk Management. Retrieved Feb 6, 2014, from HHS.gov: http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/securityrule/riskassessment.pdf
• US Dept. of Health and Human Services. (2013). HIPAA Omnibus Final Rule . Washington, DC: Author.
FloridaStatutesChapter491: 491,Clinical,Counseling,andPsychotherapyServicesChapter456: HealthProfessionsandOccupations:GeneralProvisionsChapter120: AdministrativeProcedureActChapter39: ProceedingsRelatedtoChildrenChapter90: EvidenceCodeChapter394: MentalHealthChapter397: SubstanceAbuseServicesChapter415: AdultProtectiveServices
FloridaAdministrativeCode(F.A.C.)Rules:Chapter64B4: BoardofClinicalSocialWork,Marriage&FamilyTherapy&MentalHealthCounseling
http://floridasmentalhealthprofessions.gov/
BakerActInformationMarchmanActInformationProfessionalResourceNetworkPublicRecordsLicenseLook-UpFLHealthSourceLicenseCertificationReportsandPublicationsPublicSchoolVolunteerPractitionerProgramNewestlegislationregardinghealthcareregulationNewestlegislationregardinghealthcarefraudandconvictionsDeclaratoryStatementsandPetitionsforVarianceorWaiversNewReportingRequirementsforSexuallyTransmittedDiseasesNewestlegislationregardinghealthcareregulationNewestlegislationregardinghealthcarefraudandconvictions
CentersforMedicareandMedicaidServicesPublicLaw104-91HHS.Gov- HealthInformationPrivacy
HHS.Gov- HIPAAStatuteandRuleInformation
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YoucancontactHarryat:
BiblicalCounselingCenter145059th StreetWestUnit101Bradenton,FL34209
941-729-6600