POPULATION CONTROL AND

RELATED PROGRAMMES

PRESENTED BY:MS. ANNU VERMAM.Sc. (N) 1ST YEAR

M.M.C.O.N

INTRODUCTION:

India is the second most populous country of the world. The current population is 1.27 billion (In 2014). It is also one of India’s biggest problems – burdening and straining the nation’s resources. India is poised to overtake China as the world’s most populated nation in the next few decades.

DEFINITIONS:

Population  A Population is a summation of all the organisms of

the same group or species, which live in the same geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.

Human population control  Human population control is the practice of

artificially altering the rate of growth of a human population.

Population of India

2011 2012 20141.16

1.18

1.2

1.22

1.24

1.26

1.28

1.211.22

1.27

INDIA (billions)

MALE Vs FEMALE RATIO

655.8614.4

INDIA (in million)

Total male population

Total female population

Sex Ratio-940 females per 1,000 males

Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.

At Global level: 

CHINAINDIA U.S

INDONESIA

BRAZ

IL0%2%4%6%8%

10%12%14%16%18%20% 19.00%

17.50%

4.43% 3.50% 2.83%

% OF WORLD POPULATION

% OF WORLD POP-ULATION

PROBLEMS AROSED DUE TO OVER POPULATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON

ENVIRONMENT

POLLUTION DEFORESTATION FRESHWATER

AVAILABILITY NATURAL RESOURCES

PURPOSES OF NATIONAL POPULATIONA & CONTROL

PROGRAMMES:

To obtain an accurate picture of the factors which contribute to a rapid increase of population;

To gain a full understanding of human fertility and the means of regulating it;

To device speedy ways of education of the public.

PURPOSES … cont

To make family planning counseling an integral part of the services in hospitals and health centers.

Less overcrowding especially in the major coastal cities. 

APPROACHES OF POPULATION CONTROL 

The factors which promote fertility include :

Age of marriage Duration of married life Socio-cultural aspects Place of woman in society The education Economic status

SOCIAL POLICIES AND

SOCIAL CHANGES Social policies pertain to age at marriage, education,

economic developments, and gender sensitivity for woman status, participation of woman in labor force.

Child marriage restraint Act of 1978: to increase the legal age for marriage for girls from 15-18 years and for boys 18-21 years .

Compulsory elementary education for all.

INVOLUNTARY APPROACHES TO POPULATION CONTROL

Temporary sterilization *Barrier methodsA) Physical methodsB) Chemical methodsC) Combined methods *Intra-uterine methods *Hormonal methods *Post-conception methods *Miscellaneous These methods are reversible

methods.

COMPULSORY STERILIZATION

*Male sterilization-male sterilization is also called vasectomy.

The vasectomy-is customary to remove a piece of vas deferens.

*Female sterilization-female sterilization is known as tubectomy .

In this procedure ligation of fallopian tube. 

The compulsory sterilization after two child norm made by Indira Gandhi in early 1970s.She give a slogan ”Hum Do Ham are Do”. Facilities offered by government to its employees are limited to two children only.

Only those with two or fewer children are eligible for election to a Gram panchayat, or local government.

Family planning approaches to population control

India is first country which adopted an official family planning in first five year plan 1950.

Small family norms and the practices of family planning.

This was advocate in 1980 and targeted to be achieved by the year 2000 AD.

Family planning approaches …cont

Basic human rights- Teheran in 1968 Rise in Per-capita income Urbanization and Industrialization Late marriage Lowering Infant Mortality Rate Spread of Education Woman education and employment Incentives and publicity Legislation

POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAMMES

National population Policy-2000

National Family welfare programme- 1951

Postpartum Programme-1969

National population commission-2005

 

National Population policy

In April 1976 India formed National population policy. In this policy:

Increasing legal minimum age of marriage from 15-18 for females and 18-21 years for males.

The statement of policy was modify in 1977- the importance of the small family norm without compulsion.

The national health policy had set a demographic goal of achieving a Net Reproductive rate by the year 2000.

New National population policy 2000 is a more than matter of fertility and mortality rates.

OBJECTIVES OF NPP 2000 :

To bring the TFR to replacement level of 2010 and now 2017.

Total fertility rate: 2.51 children born/woman (2014) 

Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive and child health services, supplies and infrastructure.

Make school education up to 14 years free and compulsory.

OBJECTIVES OF NPP 2000 :

Reduce the infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live birth

Infant mortality rate: Total: 43.19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 41.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 44.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2014)

Achieve universal immunization of children.

OBJECTIVES OF NPP 2000 :

Reduce maternal mortality rate to below 100/10000 live birth.

In 2010- 220 In 2013- 190 Promote delayed marriage age for girls, after 20. Achieve 80% institutional deliveries and 100%

deliveries by trained persons. Achieve 100% registration of births, deaths,

marriage and pregnancy. Prevent and control communicable diseases. Promote small family norms.

NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE (FW) PROGRAMME :

India launched the National Family Welfare Programme in 1951 with the objective of "reducing the birth rate to the extent necessary to stabilize the population at a level consistent with the requirement of the National economy.”

EVOLUTION OF FW

PROGRAM The approach under the programme during

the First and Second Five Year Plans was mainly

"Clinical" under which facilities for provision of services were created

It was replaced by "Extension and Education Approach" which envisaged expansion of services

Facilities along with spread of message of small family norm.

IV Plan (1969-74)

It was proposed to reduce birth rate from 35/1000 to 32/1000 by the end of plan.

16.5 million Couples, constituting about 16.5% of the couples in the reproductive age group, were protected against conception by the end of IVth Plan.

OBJECTIVE OF THE V PLAN (1974-79)

To bring down the birth rate to 30/1000 by 1979.

Increasing integration of family planning services.

Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and their Nutrition.

The years 1975-76 and 1976-77 recorded a phenomenal increase in performance of sterilization.

The name of the programme also was changed to “Family Welfare from Family Planning”.

In VI Plan (1980-85):

Certain long-term demographic goals of reaching net reproduction rate of unity were envisaged.

VII five year plan (1985-90): Emphasis on promoting spacing methods, securing maximum community participation Promoting maternal and child health care.

VII five year plan (1985-90):

The approach adopted during the Seventh Five Year Plan was continued during 1990-92 for effective community participation, Mahila Swasthya Sangh (MSS) at village level was constituted in 1990-91.

Eighth Plan (1992-97):

Several new initiatives were introduced and ongoing schemes were revamped in this plan.

Realizing that Government efforts alone in propagating and motivating the people for adaptation of small family norm would not be sufficient, greater stress has been laid on the involvement of NGOs to supplement and complement the Government efforts.

& PLAN

OBJECTIVES :Reduction in the population growth rateThe strategies are: To assess the needs for reproductive and child high

quality. Integrated reproductive and child health care

reducing the infant and maternal morbidity and mortality resulting in a reduction in the desired level of fertility.

Director of Family Welfare is responsible for planning, co-coordinating, monitoring, supervising and evaluating activities with other agencies of Delhi Govt. including NGO’s in the primary health care activities.

THE ACTIVITIES ARE: 

To facilitate provision of antenatal and natal services to pregnant women.

To facilitate implementation of Post partum program.

To facilitate provision of family planning services . Implementation of UIP (Universal Immunization

Program). Surveillance of VPD (Vaccine Preventable

Diseases) Services.

ACTIVITIES …cont

Implementation of Pulse Polio Program. Implementation of PC & PNDT (Pre conception &

Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act 1994 Prevention of Sex Selection) and MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) Act. 

Co-ordination and execution of IEC (Information Education and Commission)activities through Mass Education Media.  

Procurement of State Specific vaccines .

ACTIVITIES …cont

To monitor performance and quality of family welfare activities by NGO’s

Facilitate provision of Adolescent Health Services in the state of Delhi.

RCH trainings by the H&FW Training Centre to update knowledge & skills.

GOALS OF FAMILY WELFARE:

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): Existing 104 per lakh live births (CRS 2012, to be less than 100 by 2015 & less than 75 by 2017).

Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Existing 1.8 (CRS 2011, TFR corresponding to replacement level of population being 2.1).

Sex Ratio at birth which was 809 (CRS 2001) and is 886 (CRS 2012) is planned to be brought up to 925 by 2015, 935 by 2017 and 954 by 2020.

CONTRACEPTIVES

The National Family Welfare Programmeprovides the following contraceptive services for spacing births: a) Condoms b) Oral Contraceptive Pill c) Intra Uterine Devices (IUD)  

Basic Principles Of Family Welfare programme:

Family welfare service is voluntary. Family welfare programme will provide comprehensive maternal

and child health services and also family planning service. For creating awareness ,information, Education and

communication will be used effectively. Popular and easily available family planning services will be

provided free of cost. 

POSTPARTUM PROGRAMME

An All India hospital Postpartum Programme was introduced in 1969.

It is a hospital –based, maternity centered approach to family planning.

THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD

The postpartum period is commonly understood as the first six weeks or 40 days (depending on the culture) after the birth of a child, when the woman’s uterus has largely returned to its pre-pregnancy state.

POSTPARTUM PROGRAMME

Benefits to women, children, and health systems. Women need information and services, including a

range of family planning methods, throughout the maternal cycle, including the

postpartum period. Postpartum family planning can be integrated into

other programs, including programs to prevent and manage HIV.

 

THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THE POSTPARTUM PROGRAMME

To improve the mother and children through MCH and family Welfare programme which includes antenatal, neonatal and postnatal services.

Immunization services to children and mothers and prophylaxis against anaemia and blindness.

NATIONAL POPULATION

COMMISSIONIn 1952, India was the first country in the world to launch a national programme, emphasizing family planning to the extent

necessary for reducing birth ratesTo establish co-ordination between centre and

states for population control.

NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION …CONT The commission will review the

implementation of national population policy and will give directions in addition to establish better co-ordination between different programmes like demographic, educational developmental and environmental protection.

The commission will also help to form an extensive population movement for population control.

The members of the commission are selected from the following

persons/organizations : Chief ministers of all the states /union

territories. Union ministers of concerned departments. Famous demographic specialists Public health workers Non-governmental organization.

ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE :

Identify people who desire to have children and those who don’t.

Listening, understanding, counselling and making appropriate referrals for fertility control.

Providing & interpreting family planning information, and to tap community resources for health workers and community.

Planning, participating and evaluating family welfare services and organising camps.

ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE …cont Supervising and guiding the other female

paramedical personnel such as H.V.,ANM’s etc;

Initiating and contributing towards research. Planning, conducting, evaluating with MO

in community health centre level training for other paramedical staff including, Dias.

 

CONCLUSION:

Population is now a days crippling humanity and India is leading second largest populated country ,hence we all need to wake up and implement the solution intend to halt crisis.

Population control programme is a hope to render comfortable space as per human density.

To improve the country growth and make the happy and wealthy country.