* GB785904 (A)

Description: GB785904 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Device for cutting glass

Description of GB785904 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: FLORIAN VICTOR ATXKESON 785,904 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 9, 1956. No 677156. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 56, T. International Classification:-CO 3 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Device for Cutting Glass We, PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS COMPANY, a Corporation organised under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, of One Gateway Center, Pittsburgh 22, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to tools for cutting glass or glass-like materials which are subject to failure under tension, such as tile, such as bathroom wall tile, thin sections of refractory brick, ceramics, and natural stone used for decorative or structural purposes, such as marble and particularly to mechanical means for opening or running a cut through a sheet of such material along a score line previously made on the surface of the sheet with device such as a glass cutter. For purposes of simplification, the following description of certain devices embodying the concepts of the present invention will be limited to their specific use in the cutting of glass However, it will be appreciated that the principles described herein are also suitable for teaching the use of the hereinafter disclosed cutting devices for use in cutting any brittle material that tends to fail upon the application of tension The term "glasslike material" as used in the

present application shall be construed to include all substances which are subject to separation under tension. A conventional method of cutting glass is to first score a surface of the glass by a longitudinal score line made by a diamond, steel, carbide or other cutter and then to open or run the cut in the glass indicated by the score line by applying a moment of force on each side of the score line utilizing the under surface of the glass directly below the score line as a fulcrum, thereby snapping the glass along the line of the score line A considerable degree of expertness is required to have lprirthe glass cutting process result in glass pieces having smooth edges. An object of the present invention is to provide means whereby a sheet of material 50 subject to failure under tension, such as glass, may be broken along the line of a longitudinal score line, thereby resulting in the formation of a plurality of glass pieces having smooth edges 55 Another object of this invention is to provide means for cutting a sheet of plane or curved glass or glass-like material into a plurality of plane or curved pieces, respectively, without shattering or spalling the 60 material in the process. The present invention is an improvement over prior art glass cutters In a typical device disclosed in the prior art, upon the application of moments of force upon the glass 65 surface on both sides of the score line, the glass upon rotating when the cut is opened, is stressed by the compression of the glass directly under the score line, thereby introducing a possible cause of spalling By sub 70 stituting applicant's device for that of the prior art mentioned supra, this tendency to span is substantially eliminated, since the pgass is permitted to roll on the surfaces of the opposing jaws of the tool, thereby per 75 mitting the surfaces on the opposite sides of the cut to separate from each other rather than be forced against each other to produce the stresses resulting in spalling. In accordance with the present invention 80 there is provided a device for use in cutting a sheet of glass or glass-like material along a score line marked on a surface thereof which comprises a first jaw having a surface of convex contour protruding centrally associated 85 with a second iaw having a pair of convexly contoured surfaces on oppostie sides of a depressed center portion, said jaws being adapted to grasp the sheet on opposite sides thereof whereby the protruding portion of the first 90 iaw contacts the sheet on the side opposite from and cross-sectionally aligned with the score line in the sheet and said convex surfaces of said second jaw contact the sheet on the same side as the score line at points transversely spaced of said score line. Several embodiments of the invention include a set of hand operated

pliers for cutting glass having a thickness up to approximately A inch, a fluid-operated, particularly a hydraulically operated vise for cutting thicker glass, and an additional embodiment similar to the second embodiment but provided with an additional safety factor to prevent the shattering of thick glass due to the high stresses involved during opening. In order that the invention may be fully understood, it will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig 1 is a side elevation view of one embodiment of the present invention that is especially useful in cutting glass having a thickness up to about 3 inch by hand; Fig 2 is a plan view of the device shown in Fig 1 taken along the lines II-II of Fig 1; Fig 3 is an end view of a portion of the device shown in Figs 1 and 2 taken along the lines III-III of Fig 2; Fig 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of glass taken after a cut has been scored, but before the cut has been run; Fig 5 is a view similar to Fig 4, showing on an exaggerated scale the tendency of the glass to separate at the score line during the cut-running operation, Fig 6 is a Perspective view of a modification of the present invention especially designed to cut thicker sheets of glass than the first embodiment; Fig 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the jaws of a vise similar to that included in the embodiment of Fig 6, but further provided with an additional safety feature. Turning now to Figs 1, 2 and 3, an embodiment of the present invention disclosing a hand operated set of pliers is described. In these figures, reference numeral 10 represents a pair of pliers provided with a pair of handles 12 and 14 pivoted on a pivot pin 16 and extending beyond the pivot pin to provide jaws 18 and 20 A set screw 22 is provided in handle 12 to adjust the minimum spacing between jaws 18 and 20 in order to accommodate the pliers to the thickness of glass desired to be cut This set, or overriding screw provides a stop in order that glass between the plier jaws will not be crushed. when a cut suddenly opens Other equivalent means, such as a lock nut and lock washer; may be substituted for the set screw. In practice, adjustments for glass thickness are made by grasping the glass with the pliers and adjusting the set screw to such length that -the pliers just hold the glass without slipping The set screw is then backed off. loosened from one quarter to three quarters turn to provide excess travel Short cuts require less jaw travel after contact than do long cuts. As seen in greater detail in Fig 3, wherein 70 is shown an end view of the jaws of the pliers, surface 24 of jaw 18 is rounded convexly in

cross section to provide a line contact with the section of glass 26 being cut at the surface opposite the score 28 Thus, no 75 matter how the glass 26 is tilted in relation to surface 24, a line of contact between the glass and the surface is always maintained The location of this line of contact is related to the amount of the opening in the cut 28 On 80 the surface 30 of jaw 20 a groove 32 is provided in such a location as to oppose the highest portion of the surface 24 Laterally from both sides of groove 32 as seen in Fig. 3 are a pair of convexly curved surfaces 85 An alignment marker 34 is provided on the end surface of upper jaw 20 This marker is aligned with the highest portion of the surface 24 and the groove 32 of surface respectively, in order to provide means 90 whereby an operator cutting glass can correctly align the pliers with the score previously formed in one surface of the glass. In operation, a longitudinal score line 28 is first scored on one surface of a glass plate 26 95 Indicating marker 34 is then aligned with the cut in such a manner that jaw 20 opposes the surface of the glass containing the cut, and jaw 18 opposes the opposite surface of the glass Pressure applied to handles 12 and 14 100 results in the application of opposing moments of force by jaws 18 and 20 on the opposite surfaces of the glass 26 The glass is forced to be pivoted about point 36 formed at the uppermost point on surface 24 of jaw 105 18 and the surface of the glass directly opposite the score line 28 As additional pressure is applied, the score line 28 is deepened until the score extends from surface to surface of the glass At the same time this deepening 110 of the score is gradually advanced longitudinally of the glass looking into the drawing in the view shown in Fig 3 This unevenness in the depth of the score causes the glass plate being cut to be rolled from the horizontal 115 position shown in Fig 3 into other positions depending upon the length and depth of the score line at that moment. By providing a rounded convex surface 24 on jaw 18 and a pair of rounded convex sur 120 faces 30 on opposite sides of the groove 32 on jaw 20, provision is made for a uniform line contact between the glass surfaces and the opposing surfaces of the jaws of the pliers no matter how much rotation is induced in 125 the individual cut pieces formed from the original location of the scored glass piece, Thus durinz the cut-running operation, the scored line 28 opens from the nosition shown in Fig 4 through that shown in Fig 5 until 130 785,904 which glass is handled. A hydraulic vise 80 which may be either foot operated or operated by control of a motor driven hydraulic pump-accummulator-valve system supplies the pressure neces 70 sary to operate the hydraulic piston via a connecting hose 78 The hydraulic vise 80 is also provided with a

relief valve mechanism (not shown) to release the pressure between the jaw members Upon release of pressure, 75 a tension spring 82 connected between the lower arm 72 and the movable element 68 acts to pull jaw 70 away from jaw 64, thereby releasing the pressure on the glass sheet being cut, when it is desired to do so 80 The operation of the embodiment disclosed in Fig 6 is as follows A thick glass sheet that is desired to be cut is placed upon a table and the table is moved so that its edge is adjacent the position of jaw 64 and 70, with 85 the edge of the glass extending over the edge of the table to a position between the respective jaws If necessary, handle 58 is rotated to change the vertical position of slidable member 56 The position of the entire J 90 shaped member 62 and the balance of the glass cut running mechanism with it is changed until jaw 64 is touching the upper surface of the glass at the lowermost portion of the surface of jaw 64 A longitudinal 95 score line made in the upper surface of the glass is aligned with aligning marker 84 contained at the end portion of jaw 64 Pressure on the jaws is produced by the hydraulic vise on which the shaped jaws are bolted 100 Jaw 64 is shaped proportionately to the shape of jaw 20 and jaw 70 is shaped proportionately to the shape of jaw 18 to insure that the operation of this embodiment is similar to that shown in Figs 1, 2 and 3 105 Running of the cut of heavy glass often takes place with explosive violence such that the contact of the metallic jaws with the glass can and does cause shattering and spalling of the glass at the moment of opening 110 In order to eliminate such malfunction, the opposing surfaces of the jaws are provided, as shown in Fig 7, with pads 90, 92 and 94 of soft, resilient pliable material having a type A shore durometer reading of at least 50, 115 such as neoprene or hard rubber, in the lowermost portions of the opposing jaw surfaces Thus, jaw 64 is provided with pad 90 in the groove formed between the two convex surfaces formed on either side of the 120 alignment mark and jaw 70 is provided with pads 92 and 94 on the lowermost portion of its rounded convex surface opposing jaw 64. Rectangular shaped grooves are cut into the opposing surfaces in order to receive the 125 pads and the pads are attached to the metal within the grooves by means of a suitable rubber to metal binder such as a mixture of a phenol aldehyde resin with a butadieneacrilonitrile copolymer composition The 130 surfaces 38 and 40 extend from the top to the bottom of the glass being cut By virtue of the ability of glass sections 26 a and 26 b to roll on surfaces 24 and 30 while the cut 28 is being run, surfaces 38 and 40 tend to separate from each other Therefore, stresses tending to compress the glass beneath the score line are prevented from occurring during the cutrunning operation and the resulting cut is relatively smooth along the direction of the

score line and relatively free from imperfections due to spalling inherent in prior art devices. For cutting glass for thicknesses greater than 38 inch, the use of hand operated pliers is impractical and use is made of mechanical means for providing pressure sufficient to cut glass of greater thicknesses For example a force of nearly 3,000 pounds is required to open 11 inch thick plate glass The cutting of heavy glass has always presented a problem which may be visualized when it is realized that the opening stress varies approximately with the fourth power of the thickness of the glass sheet being cut. An embodiment of a device suitable for cutting thicker glass sheets and containing the novel features disclosed in the prior embodiment is shown in Fig 6 A horizontal base 50 has extending substantially vertically upwardly therefrom and secured thereto a plurality of L-shaped supports 52 which are secured in their upper portions to a vertically disposed member 54 A slidable member 56 abuts member 54 and is movable vertically relative thereto by a worm gear arrangement (not shown) attached to a shaft rotated by a handle 58 Upon rotation of the handle, member 56 is moved vertically in sliding engagement with member 54 in a vertical direction either upwardly or downwardly depending upon the direction of rotation of handle 58 Means (not shown) are provided for locking the members 54 and 56 in a relatively desired position Attached to member 56 by a plurality of bolts is a plate 60 to which in turn is attached an inverted J-shaped element 62, the hook end of which acts as a support to which upper jaw member 64 is attached. The side portion of the J-shaped member 62 is provided with a pair of channels 66 upon which may be slid sliding member 68 A lower jaw member 70 is attached to the surface of the latter disposed against upper jaw member 64 A horizontally extending portion 72 extends from the lower end of Jshaped element 62 below the slides 66 and is provided with a port 74 through which a hydraulic piston element 76 is extended upwardly in slidable engagement with a surrounding channel portion contained within member 68. Vertical and angular adjustments are required to set up the cutting mechanism at proper height and level relative to a table on 785,904 785,904 thickness of the pads is such that the pads extend upwardly from the opposing surfaces of the jaws 64 and 70 an amount approximately l g inch more than the highest portion of the associated jaw surface Thus, upon application of the pressure between the jaws of the vise, the glass will be firmly grasped by the rubber pads before, during, and after running of the cut Therefore, sudden motion of glass against metal portions of the jaws will be damped or even completely prevented.

Experience has shown that the shapes of the jaws are most important Best results have been attained when the mating curves are formed so as to approximate parabolic sections That is the upper jaw is formed of two parabolas meeting to form a cusp with the bottom jaw forming a parabola such that the vertex is the first point of glass contact.

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* GB785905 (A)

Description: GB785905 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to apparatus for controlling the stopping ofelectrically-driven high-speed lifts and hoists

Description of GB785905 (A)

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,905 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 24,

1956. No 2346156. Application made in France on Feb 9, 1955. Application made in France on Oct 20, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 38 ( 3), J( 2 C: 2 G 4 C: 5: 12 C: 12 H 2). International Classification:-HO 2 p. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Controlling the Stopping of Electrically-Driven High-Speed Lifts and Hoists We, S A D, E E S (SOCIETE ANONYME DES ETABLISSEMENTS EDOUX-SAMAIN), a French 'Company, of 2, Avenue de New-York, Paris ( 160), France, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to 'be performed, to 'be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention is concerned with apparatus for controlling the deceleration of hilgh-speed lifts and hoists, so that the cage or car moves as fast as possible irrespective of the length of the travel contemplated between two successive stops. In elevator construction it is known that for a predetermined normal running or working speed a relation must exist between this speed and the distances required for either attaining it from zero speed or decelerating from normal running speed to zero speed, to avoid overstepping on the one hand acceleration values consistent with the comfort of the passengers in the cage and on the other hand the permissible stress values of the transmission members. When the normal running speed is relatively high the sum of the distances required for accelerating and retarding the cage to and from this speed may be greater than the distance between two successive stops, or in other words, the deceleration zone preceding a stop level may 'be approached by the cage at different speeds according to the initial or starting level of the travel considered. According to the present invention there is provided apparatus for controlling the operation of a high-speed lift or like elevator of the kind having a d c lift motor fed from a WardLeonard unit, comprising means for cornparing the voltage across the Ward-Leonard generator armature terminals or across the liftmotor armature terminals with a fixed voltage, the resultant of this comparison being adapted to control a time-lag device to produce a time-lag, proportional to said resultant, between the moment when the apparatus (M Ice 3 s 6 d 1 receives a signal indicating the passage of the lift-cage at a fixed point along the shaft and the moment when the apparatus controls the deceleration to levelling speed, whereby the cage will terminate its deceleration and attain the aforesaid levelling speed at substantially

the same distance from said fixed point irrespective of the speed at which the cage is moving when it clears said point, so enabling the lift cage to travel at the fastest possible speed between two successive or non-successive levels. In order to afford a clearer understanding of this invention two practical embodiments thereof will 'be described hereafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a diagram showing the variations in speed as a function of the lift travel; Figure 2) is' a wiring diagram showing a first embodiment of the arrangement of this invention, and Figure 3 ' is a modified wiring diagram showing another embodiment, In the diagram of figure 1, the velocities of the lift or elevator are plotted on the Y-axis against the X-axis showing the distances The reference numerals 1, 2 and 3 designate three successive levels or floors at which the lift may be stopped and from which it may re-start. The travel contemplated may extend for example from level 1 to level 3 In this case the lift cage will pick up speed according to the curve 1-4 At 4 the lift cage will' attain the normal running speed and maintain it up to the fixed point 5 in the shaft At this point of the passage of the cage, deceleration takes place from point 5 to point 6 Of course, both curve sections 1-4 and 5-6 are subordinate to the mechanical characteristics of the installation as; a whole and more particularly to the driving torque and reaction torque, and the inertia of the various movable parts. At; 6 the lift will move at a moderate speed called levelling speed which is maintained up to 7 where the cage is brought to a full stop. Considering now a travel from level 2 to level 3 ' the cage will pick up speed as illusV,l I ') trated by the curve 2-8 which may be determined by transferring the preceding curve 14 along the X-axis At 8 the cage will actuate the member controlling the switching to levelling speed Now if this member effected this switching immediately the deceleration would take place according to the curve 8-9 determined, by transferring the aforesaid curve 56 At point 9 the levelling speed would be attained and maintained until the stopping member is actuated at 7 Now this would obviously constitute a substantial loss of time due to the very long low-speed travel from 9 to 7. On the other hand if the aforesaid member were not allowed to control the switching to levelling speed immediately as the cage clears the point 8, and if the delay thus introduced were a function of the difference between the instantaneous speed a predetermined speed represented by the speed between the points 4 and 5, the velocity of the cage would continue to increase from this point 8 until the retarding circuit is switched on at 10 Thus, the deceleration' curve

will merge in the aforesaid curve section 5-6 and the cage will travel through the distance from 2 to 3 in the minimum time. It is apparent that the value of the time-lag thus introduced should increase with the difference between the speeds 5 and 8 and that in the case of long travels, as this difference drops to zero, no time-lag will be introduced into the lift operation, thereby restoring the normal curve 1-4-5-6. In the embodiment shown in figure 2 the voltage across the terminals of the generator is compared with a fixed voltage and the resultant of this comparison is applied to a timelag device whereby the resulting time-lag will be proportional to this resultant Thus, in figure 2 the lift-motor has a separate current supply for its excitation winding 12, and its armature 11 is fed on the WardLeonard system from a generator 13 having its excitation winding 14 connected in turn through a reverser 15 to a bridge rectifier 16 connected to an a c mains 17 A resistor 18 is interposed in the a c supply circuit Across the terminals of the generator 13 or of the armature 11 of the lift motor a circuit is connected which comprises a bridge rectifier 19 supplied with a c from the mains 17, a reverser 20 controlled in accordance with the upand down motion of the cage, a switch 21 and a time-lag resistor 22 of a relay having its winding 23 connected across the terminals of this resistor 22 The winding 23 controls a contactor 24 connected in parallel with the resistor 18 Another contactor 25 is also mounted across the terminals of resistor 18. The operation of the above-described arrangement will be readily understood The rectified direct-current output of the bridge rectifier 19 is constantly adjusted to be substantially equal to the voltage measured at the armature terminals of generator 13 when the normal working speed is stabilized Assuming the lift or like elevator to be operated through a distance 1-3, this travel has a length suffi 70 cient to enable the apparatus to attain its normal working speed, or rated speed Therefore, the voltage across the terminals of the generator 13 will correspond to the rated voltage which is substantially equal to that existing 75 across the output terminals of the bridge rectifier 19 and no current flows in the circuit comprising the resistor 22 so that the voltage across the latter is zero Under these conditions the winding 23 of the time-lag relay is 80 not energized and the contactor 24 is open. At a fixed point with respect to its stopping level the cage will clear a device adapted to open the switch 21 and contactor 25 As a consequence thereof, the resistor 18 is inserted in 85 the circuit of the bridge rectifier 16 and produces a voltage drop whereby the speed of the lift will be reduced progressively to its levelling speed Upon attaining the level 3 the cage will be stopped completely by the

interrup 90 tion in the supply circuit fed from the mains 17 and by the actuation of the braking device (not shown). If the lift starts from level 2 in the direction of level 3 its rated or normal working 95 speed cannot be attained as the distance between these two levels is insufficient As the cage clears the fixed point 8, both contactors 21 and 25 will be opened However, at the same time the velocity of the cage is lower 100 than the aforesaid normal working speed and generator armature voltage lower than the output voltage of the bridge rectifier 19 Thus, the current flowing through the resistor 22 and winding 23 will be proportional to the volt 105 age difference and to the difference between the cage speed and the rated or normal working speed. As the switch 21 is opened this will cause a current to circulate through the resistor 22 110 and winding 23 whereby a certain time period will elapse before the contactor 24 controlling the decrease in speed is opened It will be readily understood that, the lower the lift speed, the higher the current circulating 115 through the winding 23 when the aforesaid interruption took place and the longer the time period in which this current will circulate through the resistor 22 and winding 23. The delay or time-lag will vary with the speed 120 of the lift cage The delayed opening of contactor 24 will cause the resistor 18 to be inserted in the circuit, thereby reducing the lift speed to the levelling value. An equivalent result may be obtained by 125 opposing to a voltage proportional to the actual speed a voltage decreasing according to a suitable law and resulting from the discharge of a capacitor which is initiated when the cage passes a fixed point in the shaft 130 785,905 in voltage across the terminals of armature 11 when the lift is stopped from maximumspeed conditions A current flows through the winding 31 until the decreasing voltage across the terminals of capacitor 29 is equal to the 70 momentary voltage measured across the terminals of the motor armature 11. When the relay drops due to the sufficient decrease in the value of the voltage comparison, the contactor 24 opens and the switching 75 to levelling speed takes place automatically.

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* GB785906 (A)

Description: GB785906 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements relating to clip fastening devices for securing panels tosupports

Description of GB785906 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor -GERALD CECIL HALE. Date of filing Complete Specification: April 3, 1956. Application Date: Jan 30, 1956 No 2853156. Complete Specification Publishedl: Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptanee:-Class 44, BE 4 A 5. International Classification:-FO 6 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements relating to Clip Fastening Devices for Securing Panels to Supports. We, GEORGE SALTER & Co LIMITED, a British Company, of 144 High Street, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement - This invention relates to clip fastening devices for securing panels to supports, and the invention is especially applicable for detachably securing the back panel of a radio or like cabinet to the frame of the cabinet. The object of the invention is to provide a panel-securing clip device which is of very simple construction, which can be cheaply manufactured, and which enables a panel to be easily and firmly mounted in position on its support. According to the invention, a clip fastening device for securing a panel to a support consists of a metal strip or plate bent to an angular configuration comprising a base portion adapted to be applied to the inner face of the panel and having a pressed-up integral nut part for engaging a fixing screw insertable through a slot in the panel from the front thereof, a cranked or angular-sectioned resilient

clip arm integral with one end of said base portion for engagement behind a fixed frame member, and an extension part integral with the other end of said base portion, said extension part being disposed at an angle to the base portion and being adapted to engage within the slot in the panel to prevent rotation of the device about the screw The said extension part may carry at its outer end a plate or flange at rightangles thereto and adapted to lie over the outer face of the panel. 1 Prsie 3 s -11. Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a perspective view of a panel-securing clip device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through a portion of the rear panel and through a vertical corner pillar of a radio cabinet, showing by full lines the clip device when engaged with the corner pillar to secure the panel thereto, and showing in broken lines the said clip device in its initial position before being engaged with the pillar. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line III-III, Figure 2. Figure 4 is a plan view of the clip device before being attached to the panel. Figure 5 is a longitudinal section showing, in use, a modified form of clip in accordance with the invention. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view on line VI-VI, Figure 5. Figure 7 is a perspective view of this modified form of clip. Figure 8 is a perspective view of another modified form of clip device. Figure 9 is a longitudinal section through this last-named form of clip when in use. Figure 10 is a plan view of the said clip device. Figure 11 is a perspective view of a still further modified form of clip device. Referring to Figures 1 to 4 of the said drawings, which show one embodiment of the invention in connection with a clip fastening device intended for attachment of a back panel to the rear of a radio cabinet, the device is made from a strip of spring sheet steel which is fashioned at its respective ends to form cranked integral end portions on opposite sides of a main interPritce 25 p 785,906 60mediate flat base portion 1 Thus one end of the strip is bent outwards first at rightangles to the said main base portion as at 2 and then again at right-angles parallel to the base portion but in a direction away from the latter in the form of a tongue 3 so as to produce a right-angle shaped resilient clip arm A which, with the base Dortion 1, gives a cranked formation The said base portion 1 is intended to be applied to the inner face of the panel 4 so as to

bridge a slot 5 therein, being of a transverse width greater than said slot The right-angle shaped clip arm A formed by the parts 2, 3, is of such dimensions that when the base portion 1 is applied to the inner face of the panel, said clip arm can engage over a corner of a frame pillar or batten member 6 situated at one side or at top or bottom of the open back of the cabinet and adjacent to the slot provided in the panel The free tongue 3 of the clip can thus extend over the rear face of the pillar or batten 6 and its extremity may be bent outwards at a suitable angle, as at 7, to form a lead for facilitating engagement over the said pillar or batten. The opposite end of the base portion 1 to that which carries the clip arm A has an integral locating extension in the form of a narrow flat tongue or neck 8 of rather less width than, and being adapted to engage within, the slot 5 in the panel, said tongue or neck being bent outwards at right-angles to the base portion at that side thereof which is opposite to that from which the clip arm A extends The extremity of the tongue or neck 8 terminates in a flat plate or flange in the form of a transverse head 9 which, with the tongue, gives a T-shaped configur4 c ation The tongue 8 is bent at right-angles adjacent the head 9 so as to cause the latter to extend in a direction parallel to but away from the base portion 1, being adapted to overlap the outer face of the panel 4 adjacent the slot 5. The base portion 1 is provided with an integral pressed-up nut portion 10 for engagement with a fixing screw 11 passed, from the outer side of the panel through the slot, said screw being fitted with a washer 12 which lies across the slot 5 and overlaps the outside face of the panel The nut portion may, as shown, consist of a raised hollow circular boss having a circular apera ture 13 (Figure 4) in its crown with a notch or gap 14 at one side thereof, the edge of the aperture being of helical form to engage the screw threads. In order to mount the Danel in place, a number of the clip devices are inserted in the slots 5 by tilting and are loosely mounted on their respective screws 11 fitted in the said slots 5, the latter being disposed at a number of points around the sides of the panel, and the screws being retracted to such an extent that each of the clip devices can be drawn back along its slot 5 to take the position indicated by broken lines in Figure 2, the tongue 3 of the clip being clear of the pillar or batten 6 When the panel 14 has 70 been placed in position at the back of the cabinet, the clip devices can be slid longitudinally in the slot 5 to the full line position, where the tongue 3 engages behind the pillar or batten, the clips being then 75 tightened up by means of the screws 11, which hold them firmly in engagement with said pillars or battens, so that they are properly located in position; and they are prevented from turning by the engagement 80 of the locating

tongues 8 with the slots 5. The heads 9 serve to hold the clips loosely to the panel even if the screws 11 are removed. According to the modification shown in 8 a Figures 5 to 7, the clip device comprises a base 1 with nut 10 and cranked parts 2, 3, forming a clip portion A for engaging the pillar or batten 6, as in Figures 1 to 4, and at the end opposite to said clip portion the i O base 1 is provided with a bent-down tongue 8 slidable in the slot 5 of panel 4, but the said tongue 8 is integral with a broad plate which is bent back in the same direction as and parallel to the base 1, said plate 15 95 being broader than the slot 5 and lying over the outer face of the panel It is provided with a hole 16 that receives the clamping screw 11 and serves as a washer therefor, thus obviating the use of a separate washer 100 In the further modification shown in Figures 8 to 10, the clip device consists of a base 1 carrying parts 2, 3, forming the spring clip portion A at one end, as in the previous forms, but at the end of the base 105 opposite to said clip portion a tongue 8 for engaging the slot 5 in panel 4 is chopped or pressed out of the said base and is bent down at right-angles, leaving a bifurcated part 17 that lies over the inner face of the 110 panel The tongue 8 is slidable in the slot in order to prevent turning of the device. A screw 11, having a washer 12 under its head, engages a nut 10 formed in the base 1 as in Figures 1 to 4 115 In the still further modification represented in Figure 11, the clip is generally similar to that of Figures 8 to 10, the base 1 (with nut 10) carrying the clip parts 2, 3 at one end, but at the other end only a bent 120 down tongue 8, for eneacino the slot in the panel, is provided, the bifurcated rorticn 17 of Figures 8 to 10 being omittz 2.

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* GB785907 (A)

Description: GB785907 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements relating to sliding doors, shutters and the like

Description of GB785907 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785 907 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 2, 1956. No 3314/56. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 20 ( 3), Bl BB 1; 44, BBI; and 65 ( 1), A(IB: l D: 2 D: 2 F: 3). International Classification:-E 04 f E 05 c, f. COMPLETE S'PECI'FI'CATION Improvements relating to Sliding Doors, Shutters and the like We, FREDERICK GEORGE COLEMAN, a British subject, of 6 Tudor Gardens, West Wickham, Kent, land POTTER R Ax LIMITED, a British Company, of Wilton Works, Shepperton Road, London, N 1, do hereby declare tu'e invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:This invention relates to horizontally sliding doors, shutters aand the like, all of which are hereinafter referred to as sliding doors, and more especially but not exclusively to horizontally sliding doors of the kind comprising shutter plates or panels which are rotatably secured together at their adjacent longitudinal edges so that the shutter plates may be extended to closed position and may be collapsed therefrom to open position by folding the shutter plates together alternately back to back and face to' face, accordion-wise, aiternate pairs of adjacent longitudinal edge portions of the shutter plates being secured to pickets or uprights. According to our invention a horizontally sliding door is connected with a weight which comprises a plurality of sections and which urges the door from its closed position to open position and which acts on the door with diminished force as the door moves to its fully open position. Preferably the sections of the weight are so connected together that, when the door is in its closed position, the sections are vertically spaced, and when the door is opened and downward movement of the lower or lowermost section is arrested, the next section descends until its downward movement is arrested and so on with any further section. The weight may advantageously be effective to render the door self-opening iand one form of such a weight applied to a sliding door of the kind above specified will now be described by way of example

with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Figure 1 is a rear elevational view of the door which comprises two separate sections each shown in its extended or closed position; Figure 2 is a partial rear elevational view, partly in section and drawn to an enlarged scale, of the left-hand door frame member shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a side elevational view of releasable means for holding the door sections fully closed, and Figure 4 is a plan view of the releasable means shown in 'Figure 3. Each section of the door shown in the drawing comprises a plurality of shutter plates 1 which are rotatably secured together at their adjacent longitudinal edges, alternate pairs of adjacent longitudinal edges being secured to pickets or uprights 2 The shutter plates can be collapsed together from the extended or closed position shown in the drawing to an open position by folding the shutter plates together alternately face to face and back to back in well known manner The pickets are maintained evenly spaced during opening and closing movement of the shutter plates by a lazytongs device 3 connecting the pickets together. A roller chain 4 is anchored at one end to the middle of the inner end picket 2 of each section, passes over sprockets 5, 6 and is anchored at its other end to the top of the upper section 7 of a weight, the lower section 8 of which is connected by a chain 9 to the upper section: the lower section 8 of the weight has a stop 10 of rubber or other suitable material Instead of a chain 9 a rope or like elongated, flexible connecting means could be employed. With the door sections held in their closed position the two sections of each weight will be spaced vertically and each weight will exert maximum force on its door section to move it to open position: this force is such that, when the means (to be described later) holding the door sections closed are released, the door sections will open under the action of the weights. As the door sections approach their fully open position the lower section 8 of each weight will come into contact with the floor or other abutment Rand thereafter the door sections will move to fully open position under the action of the upper section 7 of the weights only and thus with diminished velocity When it is desired to close the door sections, each section, initially, will have to be moved against the action of the upper section 7 only of the weight and it will be only after the sections have gathered momentum that the lower section 8 of each weight will exercise a restraint on closing movement of the door sections. Any suitable means for releasably holding the door sections closed may be employed. That shown in Figures 3 and 4 comprises bolts 11 which engage behind

lugs 12 on the inner end pickets 2 and which are movable out of engagement with the lugs 'against the action of springs 13 by downward movement of a pull bar 14 which through pivoted levers 115, 16 moves rearwardly rod 17 connected to the centre of a cross bar 18 to the ends of which the rear ends of the bolts 11 are connected The bolts 11 and lugs 12 are provided with cam surfaces 11 ' and 121 respectively -whicb, wla the door sections are moved to closed position, co-operate such that the bolts 11 are cammed rearwardly to permit the lugs 12 to pass the bolts which then spring behind the lugs to hold the door sections closed.

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* GB785908 (A)

Description: GB785908 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in high speed labelling machines

Description of GB785908 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in High Speed Labelling Machines I, URSULA WEISS, a German Citizen, of 25, Ludolfinerweg, Berlin-Frohnau, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention relates to a high speed labelling machine of the kind having a cylindrical label delivery drum provided with a plurality of suction surfaces and rotatable contenuously about a vertical axis, the suction surfaces of said drum being connected to a suction source and each taking one label from a label box reciprocated in timed sequence

to deliver the label upon the continued rotation of the label delivery drum to a cylindrical article after being previously gummed and upon coming into contact with the said article, the source of compressed air being shut off from the corresponding suction surface during the delivery of the labels to the said article. The object of the present invention is an improved construction of labelling machine operating according to the aforesaid principle. Labelling machines for labelling upright cylindrical articles, for example, bottles or jars of preserves, are known in various construc- tonal forms. A labelling machine which has proved particularly satisfactory, owing to the high operating speed which can be obtained therewith, is one wherein an endless conveyor chain supports the articles to be labelled and is moved rectilinearly past a constantly rotating label delivery drum. The label delivery drum takes the labels from a reciprocating label box and holds the said labels firmly with the gummed side outermost. In order that the label delivery drum can take the labels from the label box and retain them, the label delivery drum is formed with air permeable suction surfaces in communication on the inwardly directed side of the drum with a source of suction air. When the label box, reciprocating in time sequence, approaches label delivery drum each suction surface takes a label from the label box and retains it on the said drum by the suction effect Where the labels are not provided from the outset with gum they are led past gumming rollers as the drum continues to rotate and are coated with gum on the rear side by means of the said rollers. The suction surface with the label adhering thereto then contacts the article moving in a straight path on the conveyor chain, the article at that moment being urged by any suitably designed pressure means against the label delivery drum and rolled on the latter. In this rolling movement, the article takes the label from the suction surface of the label delivery drum. Comparatively high labelling speeds can be reached with the these known labelling devices. However, the working speed is limited by the fact that the article can only be rolled at a certain maximum speed when taking the label from the suction surface, to ensure that a reliable and accurate transfer of the label by the article is effected. During the rolling move ment of the article and during reception of the label, it is in fact necessary to overcome the adhesion effect which retains the label on the suction surface. For this purpose, the article must remain for a certain time in contact with the label delivery drum, so that the article can exert on the label a force which is sufficient to overcome the adhesion effect on the suction surface. For this reason, it is not possible to increase the speed of rotation of the label delivery drum

and the number of articles to be labelled per unit of time beyond a predetermined limit An increase in the working speed however can be obtained if the suction surfaces are disconnected from the source of suction air while the label is being delivered to the article, so that the acceptance of the label by the article takes place much more easily and in a shorter time. The object of the invention is to provide a particularly reliable, simple and rapidly operating construction for the control of the suction air to the suction surfaces of the label drum, both for the acceptance of the labels by the article for the other working operations and the delivery of the labels to the articles to be labelled. According to the invention a high speed labelling machine is characterised by the provision of a fixed duct connected to the source of suction air and arranged to bear on a part of a circular ring both disposed concentrically of the axis of the label delivery drum, the upper wall of the duct having a horizontal and flat external surface in cornanurucation with the duct by way of openings, the ring being connected fast to the label delivery drum and having a horizontal and flat lower surface rotatable with a sealing action on the upper wall of the duct, the said surface being provided with passages each in communication with a suction surface and adapted to move successively over the openings of the upper wall of the fixed duct. As a result of the arrangement valves operable for switching off, switching on and in fact for the regulation and control of the suction air become superfluous and also the parts necessary for the actuation of the valves. In addition, it is possible to regulate, according to requirements, the suction effect to provide a stronger or weaker action on the suction surfaces of the drum as it is rotating. This is effected by the fact that the openings in the upper wall of the suction duct are so designed as regards their size and spacings that the suction surfaces of the label delivery drum are exposed to a predetermined suction force in each angular position during revolution of the drum. Since the resistance is at its strongest value when the label is being taken by the drum from the label box and also during gumming by means of the gumming roller, the openings are made larger at these places than at the remaining part of the path of travel of the drum on which the labels are merely sup- ported. The arrangement of small openings on the major part of the path of travel substanti- ally reduces the danger of loss of suction power due to leaks. Another arrangement for maintaining the suction power consists in interrupting the fixed duct at a position disposed between the label box zone and the zone of a gumming means so that two separate duct

parts are provided both connected to the source of suction air. The result is that no substantial loss of suction power occurs in the duct section belonging to the zone of the gumming means in the event of a leakage at the suction surfaces when the labels are taken from the label box. In addition, the arrangement prevents the suction power being reduced at the suction surfaces which have already taken a label from the label box, and allows the labels to drop if a suction surface does not for any reason take a label from the label box and remains open. The labelling device is also particularly suitable for the simultaneous application of two labels to the article, in order for example to provide a bottle with a body label and a shoulder label disposed vertically one above the other. For this purpose; sets of suction surfaces arranged vertically one above the other and independently of one another are provided for the two labels. The toup wall of the duct has several rows of openings, one of each of which is associated with each set of suction surfaces; the ring rotating on the top wall of the duct comprises corresponding passages connected to the separate suction surfaces by flexible pipes. Since two labels can be transferred simultaneously by the suction surfaces arranged vertically one above the other on the drum, it is only necessary to have one label box in which the labels are stored in stages one above the other at a suitable spacing. For the delivery of the shoulder label to the bottle, with which it is necessary to bridge over the distance between the label carrier and the neck of the bottle in order to apply the label to the bottle, a displaceable label carrier is provided which is controlled by a cam and which permits an accurate application above the middle of the body label. Further details of the invention will be apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings which show one constructional example of a machine for labelling bottles, in which a shoulder label is simultaneously applied in addition to a body label. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a labelling machine according to the invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through a label delivery drum; Figure 3 is a plan view of the label delivery drum after removal of a protective hood covering the drum; Figure 4 is a section on the line IV-IV of Figure 2; Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view showing labels being taken from a label box and delivered to the article to be labelled; Figure 6 is a view of the two suction arrangements on the label delivery drum disposed vertically one above the other;

Figure 7 showers parts cf a ring sliding above the suction duct and formed with suction openings; Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view showing labels being taken from the label box, this view being in a position just following the position of the suction surfaces in Figure 5; Figures 9 to 11 show the delivery of the labels to the article in successive phases; and Figure 12 shows another constructional form of an arrangement for brushing on the shoulder label. As shown in Figure 1, the labelling machine operating according to the invention is of the type in which the articles 3 to be labelled, such as bottles, jars or other cylindrical objects, are moved past a label delivery drum 5 continu ously rotating about a vertical post 4r the articles, hereinafter termed "bottles", being carried on a link conveyor 2 moving continuously over a table 1. By a suction effect, the drum takes a label from a label box 6, the back of said label being provided with adhesive by a gumming means 7 as the drum rotates. When the gummed label contacts the particle 3 being carried along the conveyor the label is transferred to, the article, the suction air being shut off at the moment of delivery. A worm 8 arranged adjacent the conveyor regulates the supply and the maintenance of a uniform spacing of the articles 3. In the present constructional example, the btles are simultaneo,usly provided with a body label and a shoulder label disposed vertically one above the other. The construction and further details of the label delivery drum can be seen more particularly from Figures 2 to 4. Arranged to be easily rotatable on the post 4 is a sleeve 9 carrying at its bottom end a gear wheel 10 by which is driven the label delivery drum resting on a ball bearing 11 in the base 12 of the post. Fitted on to the sleeve 9 is a drum 13 provided with spokes, and coupled by means of a tongue and groove 14 to the sleeve 9. The drum carries on its outer surface segments 15 which are provided with suction ducts 151, six segments being provided with uniform spacing around the drum in the present example. The drum 13 is adjustable axially in relation to the sleeve 9 and can be retained in the adjusted height position by a threaded pin 16 when tightened against the sleeve. The segments 15 serve for taking the body labels 17 from the label box 6 (Figure 1) and delivering them to the articles 3. Mounted on a flange 91 of the sleeve 9 beneath the drum 13 is a plate 18 channelled on the underside to provide a fixed duct connected to a source of suction air, the top wall or face of the plate forming a

horizontal and flat outer surface on which are distributed openings 19, 20, 21 in the form of a circular track concentrically of the drum axis, the openings leading into the duct disposed beneath them. The duct is interrupted at one point so that two duct sections 22 and 221 are formed, both of which are connected at 24 and 24l, respectively to the source of suction air (not shown). Each duct section is covered on the underside by a plate 23. The rotation of the plate 18 is prevented by the fact that the pipe connection 24 leading from the duct to the source of suction air is held by a fork 25 fixed to a frame 26 on which the conveyor 2 travels. Disposed on the plate 18 is a ring 27 coupled to the drum 13 and adapted to revolve with its horizontal and flat underside as a tight fit on the plate 18. The ring 27 is driven by a bolt 27' screwed into the ring and engaging a recess 131 in the drum 13, the driving connection permitting the vertical adjustment of the drum. Corresponding to the number of suction surfaces, the ring 27 has passages 28, 29, 30, so arranged that each of the passages comes into communication with a row of the circularly arranged openings 19, 20, 21 during the rotation of the drum (Figure 4). Each of the segments 15 arranged on the drum 13 communicates by means of a flexible pipe 31 with one of the passages 28, which rotate above the openings 21 of the plate 18. The vacuum obtaining in the ducts 22 and 221 thus causes a suction effect on the body labels 17 through the ducts 151 of the segments 15. For applying the shoulder labels 171 to the articles 3, a ring 32 provided with spokes is provided above the drum 13, the ring having suction surfaces 33 arranged on its external face above the segments 15. In contrast to the body labels, however, since the shoulder labels cannot be delivered directly to the bottles because of the spacing and the slope between the neck of the bottle and the label carrier, additional means are provided which press. on the label. The ring 32 is seated on a bush 34 fitted on to the sleeve 9 and formed above the ring with a flange 35 connected to the ring by screws 36. The perimeter of the flange 35 is formed as a groove 37 adapted to. be engaged by one or more rollers 38 fixed to a flange 39 forming part of a bell or dome 40 fixed on the post 4. The dome 40 is displaceable axially on the post 4 so that by means of the rollers 38, the bush 34 and thus the ring 32 can be adjusted into the required height position in relation to the article 3. The dome 40 is connected by three screw bolts 41 to a bush 42 adapted to be secured, in the adjusted height position, by the tightening of a screw bolt 43 on the post. In order to bridge over the distance between the neck of the article

and the suction surface 33 when applying the shoulder label, there is provided a label carrier 44 displaceable radially of the drum, tiltabie vertically and pro vided with suction holes 44', in addition to the suction openings 331 (Figure 6) holding a label in the region of its forward edge, the carrier 44 additionally holding the label in the middle. The label carrier 44 is mounted to pivot about a pin 46 on the outer end of a sleeve 45 guided on a rod 48 arranged between the spokes of the ring 32 and fixed as at 47. A helical spring 49 arranged around the sleeve 45 tends to push the sleeve with the label carrier 44 in an outward direction, it being impeded in this movement by a double-armed lever 50 adapted to swivel about a stud 51 on the ring 32. The double-armed lever is disposed with one of its arms carrying a roller 52 (Figure 3) in front of an abutment 451 of the sleeve 45 and with the other arm carrying a roller 53 on the rim of the flange 39 of the fixed dome 40. The flange is provided with a depression 54 into which the roller 53 of the double-armed lever 50 drops under the pressure of the spring 49 when the labels, as a result of the rotation of the drum, come into contact with the bottles moved by the conveyor 2 past the drum, so that the label carrier 44 is moved towards the bottle and thereby applies the label. The suction openings 331 on the ring 32 are connected by a flexible pipe 55 to the passages 29 of the ring 27 revolving on the plate 18, while the suction openings 441 of the movable label carrier 44 separately communigate by way of a flexible pipe 56 with the passages 30 in order in this manner to permit independent control of the suction air. The control is effected by the spatial arrangement of the openings 19, 20, 21 distributed on the plate 18 above the suction duct 22, 22l, it being readily possible to determine the position at which the suction effect is to commence or the shutting off of the suction air is to take place. A further advantage in this connection is that the strength of the suction effect during the rotation of the drum can be made effective to a greater or lesser degree by the size of the openings. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the openings at the position where the labels are taken from the label box 6 and also at the position where they are gummed by the gumming roller 71 are larger than at the other part of the cycle of movement. Preferably, the spacing of the openings from one another in one series is so chosen that the passages 28, 29, 30 passing thereover are in constant communication with the suction air (Figure 7). Only one label box 6 is provided for the delivery of the labels to the suction surfaces of the drum and the box receives separately two types, i.e. the body label and the shoulder label, vertically spaced

one above the other at a suitable distance. At the time of delivery, in addition to carrying out a movement directed towards and away from the label delivery drum, the label box also carries out a rocking movement of the same frequency about a pivot 57 (Figure 1) parallel to the axis 4 of the drum in such a manner that when the label box reaches its position of maximum approach to the label delivery drum 5, it is rocked in the direction of movement of the suction surface facing it. The control of the label box is effected by cam discs 58, 59 mounted on a shaft 60 and driven by gear wheels (not shown) in synchronism with the movement of the drum 5. The pin or pivot 57 carrying the label box is mounted on a bell crank lever 62 which rocks about a stud 61 and which bears under the action of a spring 63 by means of a roller 64 against the cam disc 58 and thereby imparts to the box 6 a movement directed towards the drum 5. The rocking movement of the box 6 is effected by the cam disc 59 actuating a double-armed lever 66 pivoted on a stud 65 and connected by a push rod 67 to the box to give the latter a rocking movement about the stud 65. The operation of delivering a body label and a shoulder label to the drum takes place in the following manner: In Figure 5, the label box 6 is in the position in which it has completed the movement towards the drum 5 owing to the rocking of the lever 62 (Figure 1) by the cam 58. At the same moment, during the rotation of the drum, the suction openings 151 have come into communication with the first opening 21 by way of the flexible pipe 31, so that the body label 17 is held by the suction air in the vicinity of its front edge. The suction openings 331 and 441 have at this time still not reached the associated openings 19 and 20 for connection of the suction air. The label box is thereafter moved a distance with and in the direction of movement of the drum by the thrust movement of the lever 66 (Figure 1). During this movement, the flexible pipe 55 is connected to the first opening 19, so that the suction openings 331 take up the shoulder label 17' as shown in Figure 8. After the label box has swung back, the shoulder label 17' held by the suction opening 331 is additionally supported in the middle by the suction openings 441 during the further movement and after reaching the openings 20, this effect taking place through the flexible pipe 56. The short break or interruption in the suction between the two sections 22 and 221 of the suction duct does not result in the labels slipping down, owing to the fact that the ring 27 slides with a sealing action on the plate 18 and the consequent maintenance of a vacuum in the flexible pipes. As the labels pass the gumming device 7, the backs thereof are

provided with adhesive by means of the gumming roller 7'. The gumming device is mounted to rock about a stud 68 on the table 1 (Figure 1) and is given a rocking movement directed towards and away from the drum by means of a cam disc 69, the said device bearing by means of a roller 70 against the cam disc under the action of a spring 71. A stripper device 72 (Figure 5) arranged after the gumming roller prevents the label from being wound on to the gumming roller. Ahead of the gumming position, a feeler lever rockable laterally in relation to the drum can be mounted on the table, said lever preventing the gumming device from approaching the drum if no label is moved past the said lever. The course of the application of the gummed labels to the bottle is illustrated in Figures 9 to 11 as regards the individual successive phases thereof. A single-pitch worm 8 regulates the spacing of the bottles 3 which are carried along on the conveyor chain 2 and which come into contact with the drum while bearing against a wall 73 facing the labelling drum, this wall consisting of sponge rubber or a similar padding material. When the bottle reaches the drum, the two labels 17 and 171 are approaching the bottle, as shown in Figure 9. In this position the suction openings 331 free the shoulder label 171 at the forward edge, since the communica- tion with the openings 19 has been broken at the end of this row or series, but it is still held in the middle by the suction openings 441. During the further rotation, the body label 17 held at the forward edge by the suction openings 151 comes into contact with the bottle. At the same time, the supply of suction air in interrupted due to leaving the openings 21 (Figure 10), so that the bottle now rolling between the drum and the wall 73 accepts the label. The shoulder label 171, which is situated with its middle position exactly above the middle of the body label, is applied to the bottle at the instant that the middle thereof contacts the bottle due to the forward movement of the label carrier 44 (Figure 11), the suction air being simultaneously shunt off due to closing the openings 20. The front free end of the shoulder label, now bearing on the bottle only in the middle, is urged against the wall of the bottle (Figure I) by a rotating brush 74 while rolling on the padded wall 73. The rear free end of the label is applied by a second brush 75 rotating in a direction opposite to the first brush, the bottle rolling between a padded wall 731 and an abutment formed by an endless belt 76. Instead of using the brush 75, a fixed flat brush 77 (Figure 12) can be arranged on the side of the endless belt 76, which brushes the neck label on to the rotating bottle moving forward in a straight path. After delivery of the labels to the bottle, the flexible pipes

connected to the label carriers pass openings 77 which are provided on the plate 18 and through which air is blown for the purpose of keeping the suction pipe clear. What I claim is: 1. A high-speed labelling machine of the kind described, characterised by the provIsion of a fixed duct connected to the source of suction air and a ring both arranged concentrically of the axis of the label delivery drum, the upper face of the duct having a horizontal and flat external surface in communication with the duct by way of openings, the ring being connected fast to the label delivery drum and provided with a horizontal and flat lower surface which is rotatable and bears with a sealing action on the upper face of the duct, said ring surface being provided with passages each in communication with a suction surface and adapted to move sucessively over the openings in the upper wall of the fixed duct. 2. A high speed labelling machine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the openings in the upper wall of the duct are so formed as regards their size and spacings along a circular track that the suction surfaces of the label delivery drum are exposed to a suction force at each of their prescribed angular positions during rotation of the drum. 3. A high speed labelling machine according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the duct is formed in two parts the break or interruption being at a position related to a point between the label box zone and the zone of a gumming means, both parts of the duct being connected to the source of suction air. 4. A high speed labelling machine according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the openings in the top wall of the duct, at the places corresponding to the points where the labels are taken from the label box and where the gumming of the labels takes place, have a larger cross-section than at other places in the wall. 5. A high speed labelling machine according to Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that flexible pipes form the conducting means for suction air between the ring and the suction surfaces. 6. A high speed labelling machine according to Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the label box has a reciprocatory movement imparted thereto directed towards and away from the label delivery drum, and in addition has a rocking movement, of the same frequency, about an axis parallel to the axis of the label delivery drum whereby the label box, in its position of maximum approach to the label delivery drum, is rocked in the direction of movement of the suction surface facing it 7. A high speed labelling machine according to Claim 6, characterised m that the label box is pivotally mounted on two independent

double-armed levers the one ends of which are controlled' by rotating cam discs, one of which imparts the reciprocatory movement to the label box and the other the rocking movement. 8. A high speed labelling machine according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, for the simul taneous application to an article of two labels arranged vertically one above the other, oharacterised in that two sets of independent suction surfaces arranged vertically one above the other are provided for the two labels and that the top wall of the duct has at least two concentric rows of openings, of which at least one row is allotted to each set of suction surfaces, the ring rotating on the top face of the duct having corresponding passages connected to the individual suction surfaces. 9. A high speed labelling machine according to Claim 8, characterised in that the suction surface on the label delivery drum that receives the shoulder label is sub-divided in such manner that there is provided a radially fixed part having suction openings to hold the label near its edge and in addition a label carrier formed with suction openings and displaceable outwardly in a radial direction.