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5 areas where Wikipedia can change the world
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WikiOpenEncyclopedia, health, research, education, & community
@JakeOrlowitz
Wikipedia’s missionImagine a world in which every person on the planet shares in the sum of all human knowledge.
(for free, in the language of their choice)
Wikipedia’s scale30m articles, 4m English16 million images8000 views per second
500 million unique visitors per month2 billion edits, 700 million English edits
Wikimedia’s scope286 languages18 projects
...images, data, dictionary, travel guide, species, quotes, books, source material, wiki software
Wikipedia’s volunteers20 million registered users80,000 active users1,400 administrators
… working for free, with no central control
Wikipedia’s FoundationSan Francisco
200 employees
Donor funded
Non-profit
No-ads!
Wikipedia’s pillarsNeutral point of viewVerifiabilityConsensusCivilityOpen copyright
Wikipedia’s reliabilityAs good as Britannica
Errors fixed quickly over time
Virtual filter
Many eyeballs make all bugs shallow
An early study in the journal Nature said that in 2005, Wikipedia scientific articles came close to the level of accuracy in Encyclopædia Britannica and had a similar rate of "serious errors".[2]
Between 2008 and 2012, articles in medical and scientific fields such as pathology,[5] toxicology,[6] oncology,[7] pharmaceuticals,[8] and psychiatry[9] comparing Wikipedia to professional and peer-reviewed sources found that Wikipedia's depth and coverage were of a high standard.
180,000 articles globally
30,000 English
5 billion pageviews per year
> WHO, NIH, WebMD, or UpToDate
Wikipedia in Medicine
50% to 90% of physicians use Wikipedia
35 to 70% of pharmacists use Wikipedia
Most frequently used source by junior MDs
94% of medical students use Wikipedia
Clinical usage
Wikipedia use [high] amongst medical students
Wikipedia is increasingly being used by medical students and physicians when actively searching for health information
(Judd & Kennedy 2010).
There is increasing evidence about its reliability and potential use (Rajagopalan et al. 2011).
Wikipedia was used by 341 students (94%) while studying medicine. The most common reasons reported for using Wikipedia
were ease of access (98%) and ease of understanding (95%).
there was a significant correlation between the year of medical school and the use of Wikipedia as the first resource (R2 =
0.81, p < 0.02)
The use of Wikipedia is almost ubiquitous throughout medical school for medical education.
Medical school administrators would benefit from embracing and developing web2.0 resources and include their use in
ongoing dynamic medical education.
Doctors use, but don’t rely totally on, Wikipedia
Use of Wikipedia for medical information is almost universal among a sample of doctors. Many of them praise its accuracy, but they are aware of its faults and that it needs to be read critically. Ninety percent said they look up medical information on Wikipedia, citing its ease of access and clear, concise layout among its advantages.
Among those who denied using it, some commented that they only used Wikipedia for background knowledge: in other
words, they were using it.
Stressed that they never base clinical decisions on Wikipedia alone. They saw it as a starting point, to be read critically and
consulted alongside other sources.
“I use Wikipedia to gain a quick overview of a subject/topic that I am unfamiliar with or to jolt my memory of a subject. I
would never base management or treatment of a patient I find there – for that I use my own knowledge, hospital protocols/guidelines,
textbooks and advice from colleagues.”
Is Wikipedia...
Peer Reviewed?
1. Edit Filter automatically rejects known vandalism patterns
2. ClueBot reverts and flags suspicious edits with a machine-learning bot
3. Humans review malicious changes tagged with language recognition tools
4. Vandalism patterns are checked against metadata and historical trends
5. Recent changes patrollers scroll through new edits
6. Editors alerted to each change on all pages in their article watchlist
7. Specialists and experts report and fix mistakes when they see them
8. Millions of readers identify and correct errors when they come upon them
9. Link blacklists lock out known spam sites and unreliable sources
10. Detection mechanisms to determine conflict of interest
11. Administrators to block disruptive editors and protect pages
Multiple safeguards
References... References...
WP:MEDRS
Featured / Good articlesPost-publication informal crowdsourced peer reviewSemi-formal peer review
Total: 4000 FAs and 18,000 GAsMedicine: 58 FAs and 145 GAs (<1% )
Frequently written by expertsPrimarily by one or by a few people
More formal peer review and author credit?
Who Are We Writing For?
The General Population
Both academics and the lay public
Simple language where possible, no jargon
Main articles are an overview Sub articles can contain detail (nesting)
General public doesn’t care about Conf. Interval
Health Information for All
Translation neededProblem Little health content exists in many languages
Factor Majority of research written in English
Solution Translate from English to other languages
Translation goals80-100 key health care articles > 2,000 pages of text
Improve to a professional standard in English
Translate into as many other languages as possible, including simple English
Integrate the translations into Wikipedia
Give easy and free access via collaborations with cell phone companies (Wikipedia Zero)
Translation partnersTranslators Without Borders
NGO founded in 1993 for Humanitarian translation
WikiProject MedicineWikipedians interested in improving medical content
Wiki Project Med
Global impactTens of thousands die for lack of low cost interventions
Access to information is a major factor (HIFA2015)8 of 10 caregivers do not know the key symptoms of pneumonia
4 of 10 mothers in India believe fluids should be withheld if their child has diarrhea
60% of Africans said a life close to them could have been saved with information in their language
● Wikipedia is a viable way to address this knowledge gap.
The Library ConnectionWP Only as good as our sources
Libraries have the best sources
Wikipedia has the most eyeballs
Connect a circle of research and dissemination
The Wikipedia LibraryGain access to paywalled sourcesFacilitate research for editorsConnect with librariesLead to free and local sourcesPromote open access
Access donationsCredo ReferenceHighBeam ResearchQuestia Online LibraryJSTORThe Cochrane Library...NYT, Oxford, Wiley, LexisNexis?
Thinking big
What if every publisher donated free access to the 1000 most active
Wikipedians in that subject area?
Wikipedia Visiting ScholarsAcademic traditionResearch affiliatesUnpaid, remote positionsFull access to collectionsLiason to Wikipedia’s community
Thinking big
What if every library or research institution had one Wikipedia on staff to access their
collections and build the encyclopedia?
University partnershipInstitutional donation
5 -10 thousand editors
Subscription license
High cost
Technical implementation (OAuth)
Thinking big
The Wikipedia LibraryPowered by Stanford??
Fulfillment toolOCLC Pilot
IP affiliation
Proxy Resolver
Open URL
University initiative
Thinking big
What if every reference in a Wikipedia article had the link to the full text source next to it?
Resource exchangeWP:RX
Fair use
Academic sharing
Global
OA Button
Thinking big
What if any editor anywhere in the world could be given a fair-use, full-text
copy of the source they need?
OA signalling
Thinking big
What if every reference in a Wikipedia article tagged whether it was free to read or reuse?
Wikipedia, Libraries = natural allies
Wikipedia is the starting point for research
We lead readers back to sources at librariesSo they can think critically about subjects
Wikipedia in the classroom ● Engaged students global audience, realworld purpose
● Unique assignment peer feedback, cool and different
● Media literacy identify bias, evaluate credibility
● Constructing knowledge content gaps
● Discourse collaboration, community of practice
● Expository writing literature review, citation
● Critical thinking process reflection
● Plagiarism close paraphrasing, copyright
● Digital citizenship online etiquette, wiki code
Education ProgramStarted with 2010 Public Policy Initiative
20,000 printed pages
6,000 Wikipedia articles
Increasing participation
Increasing quality
Wikipedia Ambassadors
Inviting diversity
a playful approach to broaden our community
The challenge
technical, social, policy hurdlescomplex, unguided environment quick, sometimes rude people/bots intense debates public and impersonal exchanges
Wikipedia’s culture can seem... complicated, inaccessible, and intimidating
Can we change the tone to encourage diverse contributors to join our communities?
This doesn’t help attract diversity
Strategy: Invitation
Some people won’t jump in until they’re asked
Invitation makes us feel welcome and supported
It begins creating a sense of belonging
Being recognized validates experience
Acknowledgement encourages engaging
Positive feedback connects you to people you work with
Strategy: Acknowledgement
Seeing faces gives a sense of human community
Allows us to imagine ourselves becoming part of something together
Empathy is encouraged by visual cues
Strategy: Showing people
Play lowers the fear of failure
Allows us to try new things and make mistakes
Can help us do serious things more, because we enjoy them
Strategy: Playful design
IdeaLab is an incubator for Wikimedia-related ideas.
As much as we want to know your idea for a better hat to deflect alien mind-rays, remember to tell us how your idea improves a Wikimedia website or makes contributing easier for Wikimedia volunteers.
Experimental impactTH new editors have...1.7x longer user retention2x more articles edited3.2x more female editors
sample of women started editing more after WWC launched
Experimental impactThe Wikipedia Adventure
● 20% more edits than a noninvited control group
● 90% more edits than invited nonplayers
● 320% more edits by game finishers
● 20 - 70%, players more likely to make 20+ edits
● 290%, finishers more likely to make 20+ edits
CC-BY-SA 4.0, Images from Wikimedia Commons
Jake Orlowitz User:Ocaasi
Wikimedia Foundation GrantsWiki Project Med Foundation
The Wikipedia LibraryThe Wikipedia Adventure
FunIsSrsBsnss Productions
