School of Global StudiesHans.Abrahamsson@globalstudies.gu.se

Hans Abrahamsson

Contribution to Barrett Values Centre’s 2014 International Conference

Building a Values Driven Society Stockholm, June 13, 2014

The global political economy and

The Great Transformation of our TimeTowards just and socially sustainable Scandinavian cities

Knowledge about and approaches to Fair and Socially Sustainable Cities

KAIROS

GlobalisationEpicentrum moving

South and East

UrbanisationCities' increasing role in the new economic geography

Migration/FlowEveryday life in two placessimultaneouslyIn transit

Increased mobility andinterconnectivity

National Production Systemsreplaced by a global network of production – added value chain

The great transformation of our timeUneven development and

increased social polarization

Increased diversity and differing socioeconomic conditions challenge

Social sustainability

Westphalian OrderGovernment

Post-Westphalian OrderGovernance

Pre-Westphalian OrderDisorder

Pope

Church

King

Cities

Feudal lords

RegionsNation-states

Urban regionsWarlords / Maffia

Transnational CorperationsMultilateral Organisationd (IMF/WB)

Globalisation and the political room

The changing role of the state

1648 1944

When the state withdraw from the political room increased space is created for other actors, i.a.for cities and their cross-border networks

Time

Cost of entry ticket to the global production network creates troublesome financial gap

Costs

Level of investments

Degree of self-financing

Costs for attracting global flows tend to increase > at the same time as tax base tends to decrease = reduced welfare

World Order

Nation state

Financial gap and lack of governanceput relations between state and society under stress

and challenges the social cohesion

Requirements for macro-economic balance – budget restrictionsreduced public expenditures and social undertakings

Socialcontract

Civil societyIdentity formationlojalty

Primary groups of identity- in rivalry

The hidden borders ofsocial inclusion Percieved socialexclusion

Social contract – Fordism From ”welfare to workfare”

The erosion of the social contractCivil society under stress Danger of organic crisis

Informal networks of provision and safety

Global networkproduction Separation of producer/consumer:Income gaps – uneven development

Living conditions

Time

Requirements for dignity and social respect

Capability

Social exclusion and relative deprivation

Individual guilt - inarticulated disgrace – På 30 år

anger - violence

Requirements for dignity and social respect

Capability Burning cars on demand

Moving direction in this area of tension is politically responsive

The imperative of social sustainability

Area of tensionIncreasing glocality

The changing role of the stateWhen the state withdraw from the political room increased space is created for cities and their cross-border networks

Challenges for UrbanizationDimension and pace ofIncreasing inequalitiesGlobal North / Global South

Node for Sustainabledevelopment Battlefield

for social conflicts

SecurityMilitary threats

Human SecuritySafety

Predictability

DevelopmentEconomic growth

Human Development

InclusionBelonging

Right to the city

Human RightsEquality

RecognitionPolitical Space

JusticeDistribution of

resources fördelning

Social SustainabilitySocial cohesion, resilienceCapacity to deal with ”wicked issues”Citizen participation, co-creation

Weaksustainability

Strongsustainability

Towards just and social sustainable citiesessentially contested concepts

based upon three values shaping human history

Growth Engine, and one of the world's most innovative Regions

Västra Götaland will 2020 be the World Leader within its areas of strength

Production networks have four "mantra" for global competitiveness

shape development thinking in Swedish urban regions

GROWTHinnovation

CREATIVITY

attraCTIVITY

Urban governance in our time requires several value driven

paradigmatic shifts!

Stockholm region will be Europe’smost attractive metropolitan region.

Reducing exclusion Fear of social risks and threats to the security-

increases the risk of reinforced inside Community

Social investment policy Shock absorber for managing

conflicting goals early intervention reduces

future costs

Co-creation and citizen dialogue- Strengthen the democratic legitimacy of the system

- Manage complex social problems - Identify the effects of conflicting goals

- Real power through participatory budgeting

Offense (positive) security preventing, promoting,

creating social trustfrom below

Defensive (negative) security

control , fencing, monitoring from above

Dialogue and co-creationInterdependent and mutually constitutive

Dialogue – the art of thinking together. To visualize different perspectives,

conflicting goals and diverging interests. Empowerment for stronger agency.

Co-creation – interaction on equal terms, based upon theoretical anchored

as well as experienced based – tacit knowledge

Dialogue and co-creation is about creating conditions for increased participation and co-creation

to manage wicked and complex social issues of our time. Identifying measures to promote social sustainability

and prevent social conflicts (provention).

A new welfare-regimeSocial sustainabilityProportional universalityIncreased diversity and differing socioeconomic conditions create a need to combineA universal welfare policy with adirected social investmentpolicy

In search for social sustainabilityWhat ought to be done ?

A new growth regimeEconomic sustainability(a) Defining and measuring economic growth Decoupling: Quality of life / well-being(b) Orientation of productionIncreased local resource mobilizationgradually decreased outward orientationThe urban – rural connection

Citizen participation – co-creation and dialogue

Reconsidering the relationship between growth and welfare

Conflicting goals

Growth and sustainabilityThe difficult balancing act given the necessary welfare funding

Global market vulnerabilityThe most globalized country in OECD.TNC / capita50% of GDP export orientedGothenburg 60% of GRP

The policy”le Police”

To do anythingImpartialityConsensus

The political”le Politique”

HowMeansOwnership

Politics”la Politique”

Room of manouevreSystems of production and public health

sence of coherence

What and whyConflicting goals and interests

Citizen participation – co-creation and dialoguein order to break with the post-political consensus

Rhetorical gapPolicyformation Implementation

Confrontationaldialogue

Disciplinarydialogue

Consensus buildingdialogue

Co-creation and citizen dialogueCreativity, innovation and cognitive ability

Identifiation of conflicting goalsManage wicked issues

Westphalian orderGovernment

Post-Westphalian orderGovernment

Transition

Traditional hierarchical   policy-driven management (for the voter)

Network Society with their complex social issues place new demands on governance: dialogue and co-creation

Thesis - Antithesis - Synthesis

New Public Management market-driven (for the customer)

Public Value Management network based governance Dialog - co-creation (for citizens)

tt

Network based governance from New Public Management to

Public Value Management

The value of the common welfare is greater than the satisfaction of individual needs

Dialogue and co-creation

Thank you for the attention

Hans AbrahamssonSchool of Global Studies

Hans.Abrahamsson@globalstudies.gu.se