“We assume [...] that love is a precondition for marriage. But this assumption is not shared in cultures that practice arranged marriages. Moreover, until recently in North America, marital choices, especially those by women, were strongly influenced by considerations of economic security, family background, and professional status. [...] Cultures vary in the importance they place

upon romantic love.”

"Social Psychology" by David Myers (1999)2

Marital Practicesand setup across culture

What is Marriage? A relationship between one or more men (male or female)

and one or more women (female or male) recognized by society as having a continuing claim to the right of access to one another.

Marriage is a legal union of a man and a woman for life.

union of two persons, fusion of two families, unification of two clans

Rights and Obligations

Giving a husband/wife or his/her family control over a spouse's sexual services, labor, and property.

Giving a husband/wife responsibility for a spouse's debts. Giving a husband/wife visitation rights when his/her spouse is

incarcerated or hospitalized. Giving a husband/wife control over his/her spouse's affairs

when the spouse is incapacitated. Establishing the second legal guardian of a parent's child. Establishing a joint fund of property for the benefit of children. Establishing a relationship between the families of the

spouses.

Filipino Practices Family Code of the Philippines Legal capacity of the contracting parties who must be a

male and a female, 18 years old and above without any impediment to get married.

Consent freely given in the presence of the solemnizing officer.

Authority of the solemnizing officer Same-sex marriage is currently not allowed in the

country.

Marriage proposal Pamamanhikan or the "parental marriage

proposal", a formal way of asking the parents of the woman for her hand.

Wedding announcement The couple goes to the homes of relatives to

inform the latter of their status as a couple and the schedule of their nuptial.

Wedding date and invitation The invitation contains the date and venue for

the wedding ceremony and for the wedding reception, as well as the names and roles of the principal sponsors of the bride.

Weddings in the Philippines are commonly held during the month of June.

Filipino Wedding

Filipino Muslim wedding

Filipino Muslims in the Mindanao region of the

Philippines commonly practice pre-arranged 

marriages and betrothal. 

The Tausog people's wedding include the pangalay, a celebration or announcement performed by means of the playing of percussion instruments like as the gabbang, the kulintang, and the agong. Included in the wedding ceremony that is officiated by an Imam are readings taken from the Qur'an and the placement of the groom's fingerprint on the forehead of the bride.

Marriage and Wealth Exchange Bridewealth

• payment to wife and/or wife’s family• pays for loss of daughter• establishes an enduring bundle of reciprocal rights &

obligations between relatives of the couple that will last as long as the marriage lasts

Dowry• payment to husband and/or husband family• correlated to low women gender status• pays for adding women to descent group

Wedding Rituals

Broom-jumping is most often found in African-American weddings. Before, enslaved men and women would declare their union by jumping over a broom together.

Mazel Tov!

This is the breaking of the glass in Jewish weddings, in which the groom crushes a glass under his foot at the end of the ceremony.

Jumping the Broom

Wedding Rituals

The bride's attendants are young girls rather than the contemporaries. This happens to Royal weddings in the United Kingdom.

Peruvian Cake Pull

In Peru, single women pulls a ribbon from the cake. And the woman who picks picks the ribbon with the fake wedding ring is said to marry next.

Baby Bridesmaids

Marriage and Religion

Christianity

Marriage is regarded as a sacrament, a sacred institution, or a covenant.

The mutual love between man and wife becomes an image of the eternal love with which God loves humankind.

The celebration of marriage between two Catholics normally takes place during the public liturgical celebration of the Holy Mass.

"'...So they are no longer two, but one.

Therefore what God has joined together,

let man not separate."— Jesus

[Matthew 19:6]

Marriage and Religion

Judaism

Marriage is based on the laws of the Torah and is a contractual bond between a man and a woman in which the woman dedicates herself to be the exclusive woman of a single man. 

This contract is called Kiddushin.

Hinduism

Marriage is regarded as a sacred duty that entails both religious and social obligations. In India and generally in South Asia, arranged marriages are still predominant compared to the so called love marriages today.

Marriage and Religion

Buddhism

The Buddhist view of marriage considers marriage a secular affair and thus not a sacrament. Buddhists are expected to follow the civil laws regarding marriage laid out by their respective governments.

Islam

Islam also commends marriage, with the age of marriage being whenever the individuals feel ready, financially and emotionally.

1. Monogamy = marriage between two partners 2. Polygamy = plural marriage = an individual has more than one spouse

• Polygamy is illegal in the United States and in European countries. However, it is legal --even preferred-- in many countries and in numerous local societies throughout the world.

3. Polygyny = one man many wives 4. Polyandry = one woman many husbands; occurs very rarely in a few isolated tribal

societies. These societies include some bands of the Canadian Inuit. 5. Levirate = a widow marries dead husband’s brother 6. Sororate = a widower marries dead wife’s sister 7. Cousin marriage

• Patrilateral parallel (sex linking relative)-cousin marriage

-marriage of a man to his father’s brother’s daughter or of a woman to her father’s brother’s son

-Property is retained in the male line of descent often related to more property ownership

• Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage

-Marriage of a woman to her father’s sister’s son or of a man to his mother’s brother’s daughter -Less about property than about ties of solidarity between groups

Here are the common types of Marriage

Love marriage - A marriage where the basis for the marriage is love. Same-sex marriage - A marriage between two people who are of the same sex. Self-marriage - A marriage by a person to himself or herself. Arranged marriage - A marriage that is at some level arranged by someone other than

those being married. Child marriage - A practice in which the parents of two small children (even infants)

arrange a future marriage. Forced marriage - A marriage in which one or more of the parties is married without his/her

consent or against his/her will. Intermarriage or Mixed marriage - Marriage between people belonging to different

religions, tribes, nationalities or ethnic backgrounds. Lavender marriage - A marriage between a man and a woman in which one, or both,

parties are, or are assumed to be, homosexual. Group marriage - A form of polygamous marriage in which more than one man and more

than one woman form a family unit, and all members of the marriage share parental responsibility for any children arising from the marriage.

Some Types of Marriage

Sources http://

denoh001.hubpages.com/hub/Comparison-of-Marriage-Practices-in-Three-Cultures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage

http://www.livescience.com/16810-10-world-wedding-traditions.html

Filipino Wedding Superstitions The groom or bride should avoid traveling beforehand to prevent accidents

from happening.  The bride must not wear pearls as these are similar to tears. Wedding gowns cannot be worn in advance as any black-coloured clothing

during the ceremony, and sharp objects cannot be given as gifts. Superstitious beliefs on good fortune include showering the married couple

with uncooked rice, as this wishes them a prosperous life together.   The groom should arrive at the venue before the bride. A single woman who will follow the footsteps of a newly married couple may

enhance her opportunity to become a bride herself.

Siblings are not permitted to marry within the calendar year as this is considered bad luck. The remedy to this belief, called sukob, is to have the one marrying later pass through the back entrance of the church instead of its main doors.