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0647515
Acts of terrorism recorded over 2000 years ago in Middle East
Term ldquoterrorismrdquo coined during the French Revolution (1790s)
FALLOUT SHELTER
Fear always springs from ignorance Emerson 1837
Terrorism actually comes from the Latin Word ldquoFearrdquo
ldquoThe Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government the Civilian Population or Segment Thereof in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectivesrdquo(Source FBI)
In November 2004 a United Nations Security Council report described terrorism as any act intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act (Note that this report does not constitute international law)
Terrorism has its own logic that links ndashndash Goals ndashndash Objectives ndashndash Strategy
Political goals ndash To create a sense of vulnerability in larger
target population ndashndashTo publicize terroristsrsquo plight gain recognition ndashndashTo embolden their allies and supporters gain
support ndashndash To push adversary into self--constraining acts
1048707 ndashndash To force policy change by adversary by public
pressure turn public wrath against authorities (why are
we vulnerable)
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Acts of terrorism recorded over 2000 years ago in Middle East
Term ldquoterrorismrdquo coined during the French Revolution (1790s)
FALLOUT SHELTER
Fear always springs from ignorance Emerson 1837
Terrorism actually comes from the Latin Word ldquoFearrdquo
ldquoThe Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government the Civilian Population or Segment Thereof in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectivesrdquo(Source FBI)
In November 2004 a United Nations Security Council report described terrorism as any act intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act (Note that this report does not constitute international law)
Terrorism has its own logic that links ndashndash Goals ndashndash Objectives ndashndash Strategy
Political goals ndash To create a sense of vulnerability in larger
target population ndashndashTo publicize terroristsrsquo plight gain recognition ndashndashTo embolden their allies and supporters gain
support ndashndash To push adversary into self--constraining acts
1048707 ndashndash To force policy change by adversary by public
pressure turn public wrath against authorities (why are
we vulnerable)
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
FALLOUT SHELTER
Fear always springs from ignorance Emerson 1837
Terrorism actually comes from the Latin Word ldquoFearrdquo
ldquoThe Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government the Civilian Population or Segment Thereof in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectivesrdquo(Source FBI)
In November 2004 a United Nations Security Council report described terrorism as any act intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act (Note that this report does not constitute international law)
Terrorism has its own logic that links ndashndash Goals ndashndash Objectives ndashndash Strategy
Political goals ndash To create a sense of vulnerability in larger
target population ndashndashTo publicize terroristsrsquo plight gain recognition ndashndashTo embolden their allies and supporters gain
support ndashndash To push adversary into self--constraining acts
1048707 ndashndash To force policy change by adversary by public
pressure turn public wrath against authorities (why are
we vulnerable)
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Fear always springs from ignorance Emerson 1837
Terrorism actually comes from the Latin Word ldquoFearrdquo
ldquoThe Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government the Civilian Population or Segment Thereof in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectivesrdquo(Source FBI)
In November 2004 a United Nations Security Council report described terrorism as any act intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act (Note that this report does not constitute international law)
Terrorism has its own logic that links ndashndash Goals ndashndash Objectives ndashndash Strategy
Political goals ndash To create a sense of vulnerability in larger
target population ndashndashTo publicize terroristsrsquo plight gain recognition ndashndashTo embolden their allies and supporters gain
support ndashndash To push adversary into self--constraining acts
1048707 ndashndash To force policy change by adversary by public
pressure turn public wrath against authorities (why are
we vulnerable)
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Terrorism actually comes from the Latin Word ldquoFearrdquo
ldquoThe Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government the Civilian Population or Segment Thereof in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectivesrdquo(Source FBI)
In November 2004 a United Nations Security Council report described terrorism as any act intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act (Note that this report does not constitute international law)
Terrorism has its own logic that links ndashndash Goals ndashndash Objectives ndashndash Strategy
Political goals ndash To create a sense of vulnerability in larger
target population ndashndashTo publicize terroristsrsquo plight gain recognition ndashndashTo embolden their allies and supporters gain
support ndashndash To push adversary into self--constraining acts
1048707 ndashndash To force policy change by adversary by public
pressure turn public wrath against authorities (why are
we vulnerable)
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
In November 2004 a United Nations Security Council report described terrorism as any act intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act (Note that this report does not constitute international law)
Terrorism has its own logic that links ndashndash Goals ndashndash Objectives ndashndash Strategy
Political goals ndash To create a sense of vulnerability in larger
target population ndashndashTo publicize terroristsrsquo plight gain recognition ndashndashTo embolden their allies and supporters gain
support ndashndash To push adversary into self--constraining acts
1048707 ndashndash To force policy change by adversary by public
pressure turn public wrath against authorities (why are
we vulnerable)
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Terrorism has its own logic that links ndashndash Goals ndashndash Objectives ndashndash Strategy
Political goals ndash To create a sense of vulnerability in larger
target population ndashndashTo publicize terroristsrsquo plight gain recognition ndashndashTo embolden their allies and supporters gain
support ndashndash To push adversary into self--constraining acts
1048707 ndashndash To force policy change by adversary by public
pressure turn public wrath against authorities (why are
we vulnerable)
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Political goals ndash To create a sense of vulnerability in larger
target population ndashndashTo publicize terroristsrsquo plight gain recognition ndashndashTo embolden their allies and supporters gain
support ndashndash To push adversary into self--constraining acts
1048707 ndashndash To force policy change by adversary by public
pressure turn public wrath against authorities (why are
we vulnerable)
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Military Facilities Government Facilities Large Cities International Airports Public Gatherings High-Profile Landmarks
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Anatomy of a Terrorist Attack
Preparation5 years
Execution 1 day
Diagnosed case 3 days
First Death
Multiple deaths
Terrorism takes much Time and planning
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Terrorism is an ancient tactic Terrorism is a mode of communication Terrorism is a special type of violence and
Asymmetrical warfare Terrorism is used in times of peace
conflicts and war Terrorism is designed to make a point through
psychological means fear Terrorism is a political act
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Firearms Explosive and Incendiary
Devices(Arson 纵火 ) Chemical Agents Biological Agents Nuclear Weapon cyber others
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
70 of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package
Bombs) Destroy Building Aircraft
Monuments etc Large Devices Truck or Car Bombs
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Nationalist Religious State-sponsored Left-wing Right-wing Anarchist
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group often by drawing attention to a fight for ldquonational liberationrdquo that they think the world has ignored
Sundan
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changes
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy toolsmdashas Hoffman puts it as ldquoa cost-effective way of waging war covertly through the use of surrogate warriors or lsquoguns for hirersquordquo
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime
Because they see most civilians as suffering from capitalist exploitation left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violence to avoid hurting the victims they say they want to save
Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments
AlmdashQaida
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Right-wing terrorists are among the least organized terrorists often associated with neo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe especially in the early 1980s These groups often dominated by skinheads seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place
美国三 K 党 (Ku Klux Klan) 种族主义极端组织
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
From the 1870s until about 1920 anarchist terrorism was a major global phenomenon Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state one such victim was President William McKinley killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments
Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protests against globalization
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Al-Qaida(Afghanistan) Armed Islamic Group (GIA)(Algiers) Al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic JihadJihad
Group Islamic Jihad(Egypt) Ku Klux Klan (KKK) The Eastern Turkistan Islamic
Movement( 东突伊斯兰运动 )
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
1983 US Embassy amp Marine Barracks Lebanon
1989 LockerbenPA103 bombing 1993 World Trade Center 1996 Oklahoma City 1996 Khobar Towers Saudi Arabia 1998 East Africa Embassy Bombings 2000 USS Cole (Yemen) 2001 WTC amp Pentagon
year killed wounded
US Embassy amp Marine Barracks
1983 305 110
Pan Am 103 1988 189 mdashmdash
World Trade Center 1993 6 1000
Nairobi ampDar es Slaam
1998 12 115000(nonmdashUS)
USS Cole 2000 17 39
WTC amp Pentagon 2001 3350
Mumbai 2008 188 313
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
The photo earned the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Primary prevention Education Understand the differences in cultures
religions beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace freedom and
equality of all human beings not just ldquomy group of peoplerdquo
Eliminate the root of terrorism
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population
Secondary prevention Establish surveillance and monitoring
system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens
Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population