1. EnglishAbsolutism 2. Absolutism a form of monarchical power that is unrestrained by any other institutions, such as churches, legislatures, or social elites 3. JamesI Stuart not a Tudor King of Scotland Nephew of Elizabeth I Son of Mary Stuart Initially agreed to rule according to English law and customs Kept Parliament involved Until divine right 4. Tensions with Parliament Disagreements about money Lavish lifestyle Wars Taxes Disagreements about foreign policy James solutiondissolve Parliament 5. Religious Tensions The Puritans wanted: To purify the Church of England of Catholic practices Simpler services More democratic church with no powerful bishops James I rejected their demands Chased them out of England 6. CharlesI r. 1625-1649 inherited the throne from his father, James I Like his father, he ruled as an absolute monarch Bickered with Parliament Imprisoned enemies without trial Ran the nation into further debt 7. CharlesIvs. Parliament Debt from: Super-luxurious lifestyle War with France Needed moneycalled for Parliament to convene Parliament refused to fork over any money until Charles I signed thePetition of Right 8. Petition of Right No funds could be borrowed or raised through taxes tariffs without the explicit approval of Parliament 9. Petition of Right 2. Habeas Corpus: No free person Britain had slavery at this time could be imprisoned without a reason 10. The Deal Charles I signed thePetition , thereby agreeing to its terms and getting his $$ Did Charles have any intention of keeping his word? 11. Dissolution of Parliament Charles immediately broke his word To avoid a confrontation with Parliament, he dissolved it would stay dissolved for 12 years Now on his ownwith no funds from Parliament 12. Charles Budget Cuts Made peace with enemies peace is cheaper than war Downsized government administration Innovative tax increases One goal in mindrule without Parliament 13. CharlesIand Religion Charles persecuted the Puritans Allowed the Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud to freely take any measures to stifle the Puritans 14. Puritans Under CharlesI Forbidden to publish or preach Scottish Puritans were forced to use the Church of Englands prayer books, rituals, hierarchy, etc Rebellion occurred, thus forcing Charles to reconvene Parliament 15. Twelve Years to Stew Parliament - ready to show Charles no mercy Refused Charles any money until he addressed a very long list of complaints What do you think Charles did?? 16. Buh-Bye Parliament Charles I refused their demands and dismissed them AprilMay 1640 - known as The Short Parliament Still, he was without money Reconvened Parliament again, but this time agreed to their demands would become the Long Parliament as it would remain until 1660 17. Parliaments Demands Illegal to raise taxes without Parliament okay William Laud impeached executed Charles centralized bureaucracy abolished Law that only Parliament could dismiss itself Law that Parliament had to meet every 3 years 18. Rebellion in Ireland Religious radicals in Ireland rebelled Charles I wanted funds for an army to go in Parliament did not trust Charles I with an army Proposal from radicals in Parliament the army should be under Parliaments control 19. One Angry King Charles not very happy about this Stormed Parliament with his own army Parliament issued Militia Ordinance which officially declared the army under Parliaments control The result???? 20. The English Civil War 21. Cavaliers Roundheads Cavaliers = Supporters of King Charles I Wealthy nobles Wore plumed hats Fashionably long hair Well trained in dueling warfare Expected a quick win 22. Cavaliers Roundheads Roundheads = Supporters of Parliament Divide within: Independents vs. Presbyterians Country gentry, town- dwelling manufacturers, Puritan clergy Called Roundheads bc of their hair style Underdogs Leader Oliver Cromwell 23. Oliver Cromwell Puritan, gentry, military genius Organized New Model Army into a skilled force Defeated Cavaliers 24. Cromwells Worries New religious sects = trouble overturn social hierarchy Quakers, Diggers, Ranters Seekers all promoted inner light and equality Fear of potential skepticism, anarchy debauchery The King Independents purged Presbyterians in Parliament The Rump Parliament Rump created high courtput Charles I on trial 25. The Execution of a King Found guilty Sentenced to death as a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy 26. Life Under Puritan Rule After Charles Is execution, Rump Parliament abolished : The monarchy The House of Lords The Church of England Cromwell established a Puritan Republic 27. Religion Under Cromwell Allowed various Puritan sects to worship Permitted Jews with needed skills to return Catholics not permitted to worship publicly Anglicans not permitted to use the Book of Common Prayer 28. Cromwell at War Re-conquered Scottish Subdued Ireland crushed Irish rebellions massacred whole garrisons their priests exiled Catholics to remote parts of Ireland Laid foundation for a Great Britain Waged naval war against the Dutch 1652-1654 Wars = budget 2x that of Charles I 29. Life Under Cromwell Increased property taxes customs duties 1653: abolished Rump Parliament in coup made himself Lord Protector Censored the press Forbade sports closed theaters Used spies to read mail watch enemies 30. Cromwells Death Died in 1658 There were none that cried but dogs. John Evelyn, Diarist Buried in Westminster Abbey 1661: body exhumed cut off head displayed outside Westminster Hall for nearly 20 years! 31. End of the Commonwealth Puritans lost control of England 1660: New Anglican Parliament invited Charles II back as King Charles II met with cheering crowds 32. CharlesII Idolized Louis XIV Religiously tolerant Accepted Petition of Right Not long until he tried to re-establish royal authority 33. Catastrophe Strikes May 1665: Plague hits London Over 30,000 dead by September 1666: The Great Fire of London 3 days 34. 35. CharlesII Parliament Tensions over religion P. concerned w successor James II openly Cath. P. passed the Test Act 1673 all govt officials must take oath to Church of England disavow Catholic doctrine 1678: P. explicitly denied throne to a Roman Catholic 36. Tories vs. Whigs Crisis over succession = 2 factions Tories supported: strong hereditary monarchy restored ceremony of the Anglican church
