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History
20 years ago UN made its largest investment in peacekeeping & building institutions of democratic governance
coincided with shift to market-based economy
contemporary conflicts focus significantly on land, other natural resources
UNAMIC / UNTAC operations. (Photo: Australian Army)
Kompong Thom. (Photo: Lukas Reuttinger)
Protest over land claims, Kratie. (Photo: Phnom Penh Post)
Natural resources and conflict
natural resources long a source of conflict control of natural resources to finance
civil war took new forms in post-war context
resource governance remains central to prospects for conflict transformation and prevention what does it mean?governanc
e
stakeholder representation
distribution of power
mechanisms of
accountability
Logging near Palin. (Photo: AP)
Example: Community forestry, Oddar Meanchey pressured by market forces
benefit from legal authority for community forestry
but these rights are compromised, fragile
Monks Community Forest (Photo: Chanta Elkin, ARC)
Prey Samakki Community Forest, Oddar Meanchey. (Photo: UNDP)Marching in Phnom Penh for Prey Lang Forest. (Photo: Prey Lang Network)
Example: Community fisheries, Kompong Thom constrained by unequal access
mobilized to expand resource access
recent national policy reform
continued risk of social conflict
Kim Kimheng, Coaltition of Cambodian Fishers, Kompong Thom.
Phat Sanday village, Kompong Thom. (Photo: Lukas Reuttinger)
Phat Sanday village, Kompong Thom. (Photo: Lukas Reuttinger)
How is NRM integrated into national policy and conflict resolution efforts? expert advisory role
typical beginning point for international agencies
top-down, focused on law & policy
often short-term assessments
multi-stakeholder engagement convening, dialogue, capacity
building requires investing in
understanding local institutional dynamics, building trust
aims at strengthening institutions, institutional relationships that endure
Local and provincial consultations, “Strengthening resilience of community fisheries of the Tonle Sap Lake”. (Photos: WorldFish Center)
What influences success integrating NRM and conflict management? outcomes vary by approach
outcomes vary by governance context
these two factors are connected
learning requires cycle of action & reflection
Exploring the
potential for
collaboration
Facilitating dialogue
and action
Evaluating outcomes
and sustaining
collaboration
