BY:- NIHAR CHAVAN[1978]STD:- 12 DIV:-E

PARTY SYSTEM

Party system depends upon the nature of competition and interrelationship among the parties. It is classified on the basis of number of parties in the country and also on the basis of number of parties likely by to get power.

INTRODUCTION

ONE PARTY SYSTEMA SINGLE-PARTY STATE, ONE-PARTY STATE, ONE-PARTY SYSTEM, OR SINGLE-PARTY SYSTEM IS A TYPE OF STATE IN WHICH A SINGLE POLITICAL PARTY HAS THE RIGHT TO FORM THE GOVERNMENT, USUALLY BASED ON THE EXISTING CONSTITUTION. ALL OTHER PARTIES ARE EITHER OUTLAWED OR ALLOWED TO TAKE ONLY A LIMITED AND CONTROLLED PARTICIPATION IN ELECTIONS. SOMETIMES THE TERM DE FACTO SINGLE-PARTY STATE IS USED TO DESCRIBE A DOMINANT-PARTY SYSTEM THAT, UNLIKE THE SINGLE-PARTY STATE, ALLOWS (AT LEAST NOMINALLY) DEMOCRATIC MULTIPARTY ELECTIONS, BUT THE EXISTING PRACTICES OR BALANCE OF POLITICAL POWER EFFECTIVELY PREVENT THE OPPOSITION FROM WINNING THE ELECTIONS.

CONCEPT. Single-party states justify themselves through various

methods. Most often, proponents of a single-party state argue that the existence of separate parties runs counter to national unity. Others argue that the single party is the vanguard of the people, and therefore its right to rule cannot be legitimately questioned. The Marxist theory states that political parties represent the interests, most of which, in a liberal system, respond to the economic power and are part of the system (the superstructure) where whoever wins there will be no substantial changes, once abolished class distinctions no place for the struggle for multiparty own economic interests, however, an organization that is able to formulate national policies and manage their reins to ensure the development of socialism is necessary, this organization is the only party to be the only existing single social class and the common interest of progress

TWO PARTY SYSTEM A two-party system is a system where two 

major political parties dominate politics within a government. One of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority party while the other is the minority party. The term has different senses. For example, in the United States, Jamaica, and Malta, the sense of two party system describes an arrangement in which all or nearly all elected officials only belong to one of the two major parties, and third parties rarely win any seats in the legislature. In such arrangements, two-party systems are thought to result from various factors like winner takes all election rules.

 In such systems, while chances for third party candidates winning election to major national office are remote, it is possible for groups within the larger parties, or in opposition to one or both of them, to exert influence on the two major parties.In contrast, in the United Kingdom and in other parliamentary systems and elsewhere, the term two-party system is sometimes used to indicate an arrangement in which two major parties dominate elections but in which there are viable third parties which do win seats in the legislature, and in which the two major parties exert proportionately greater influence than their percentage of votes would suggest.

A multi-party system is a system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national election, and all have a similar or equal chance of gaining control of government offices, separately or in coalition government. In the vast majority of multi-party systems, numerous major and minor political parties hold a serious chance of receiving office, and because they all compete, a majority may not control the legislature, forcing the creation of a coalition.

MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM

In some countries, every government ever formed since its independence has been by means of a coalition. Multi-party systems tend to be more common in parliamentary systems than presidential systems, and far more common in countries that use proportional representation compared to countries that use first past the post elections. This is because it is very rare for national consensus on political issues apart from large issues such as national defence. First past the post requires concentrated areas of support for large representation in the Legislature whereas proportional representation better reflects the range of a population's views. Brazil, Denmark, Finland, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, SouthAfrica, Spain, SriLanka, Sweden, Taiwan and Philippines are examples of nations that have used a multi-party system effectively in their democracies.