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World War II
1939 – 1945
Chapter 31 section 4Chapter 32
World War II
CAUSES German Aggression in Europe Unstable Governments Rise of Fascism Failure of League of Nations Appeasement
World War II German Aggression
Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty1935 Hitler announce
Germany would follow the conditions set by the treaty
Germany began to rebuild its military
League of Nations issued a mild condemnation
League could not stop German rearming
Nazi Party Principles Unification of Greater Germany (Austria + Germany) Land + expansion Anti-Versailles - abrogation of the Treaty. Land and territory - lebensraum. Only a "member of the race" can be a citizen. Anti-semitism - No Jew can be a member of the race. Anti-foreigner - only citizens can live in Germany. No immigration - ref. to Jews fleeing pograms. Everyone must work. Abolition of unearned income - "no rent-slavery". Nationalisation of industry Division of profits Extension of old age welfare. Land reform Death to all criminals German law, not Roman law (anti- French Rev.) Education to teach "the German Way" Education of gifted children Protection of mother and child by outlawing child labor. Encouraging gymnastics and swimming Formation a national army. Duty of the state to provide for its volk. (people) Duty of individuals to the state
Appeasement Policy
World War II Forbidden Land
Although forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles Hitler moved troops into the Rhineland
French did not want war British urged appeasement –
giving in to the aggressor to keep peace
France and Britain looked weak in Hitler’s eyes which served to encourage further aggression!
World War II
Axis Powers Mussolini, Italian fascist leader sought
an alliance with Germany. Japan shortly joined Italy and Germany
World War II United States
Adopted a policy of isolationism(political ties with other nations should be
avoided) Neutrality Acts
Passed by CongressBanned loans or selling of arms to nations at war
World War IIThird Reich – German Empire
Hitler planned to annex Austria & Czechoslovakia
Treaty of Versailles forbade an alliance between Germany & Austria-Hungary
1938 – Hitler’s army took control of Austria
World War II Third Reich Czechoslovakia was a democracy
Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) was on the border of Germany
A German speaking area Hitler demanded control
of of the Sudetenland
Many of the region
welcomed the Germans.
World War IIMunich Conference
France & Gr. Britain met and decided that Hitler could take Sudetenland for the promise to respect the borders of Czechoslovakia
Six months laterHitler took controlof Czechoslovakia.
World War IIGerman – Russian Non Aggression Pact
Britain & France sought Russia’s help
Negotiations were slow Hitler signed anagreement with Russiabut secretly they agreed to divide Poland.
Germany and Russia will take Poland!
World War II Germany Attacks Poland
Surprise attack German planes attacked from the air Tanks attacked on land Troops on the ground “BLITZKRIEG” “lightening war”Considered the beginning of WW II
World War II
France declared waron Germany
Britain declared waron Germany
World War II Russia Took Eastern Poland
Soviet troops took E. Poland Also Latvia, Lithuania, & Estonia Finland resisted, but were later taken by
the Soviets.
World War II Phony War
France & Gr. Britain stationed troops along the French/ German border in a defensive position, believing Germany would attack.
They remained there for months with no military action taken – “sitzkrieg”
Ended when Hitler launched a surprise attack on Denmark & Norway.
World War IIBATTLE FOR FRANCE AND BRITAIN
Germany took Holland, Belgium, & Luxembourg Then to France Allies were backed up to Dunkirka port city on the English Channel Britain to the rescue! Sent 850 ships along with yachts,lifeboats, motorboats, fishingboats to save the Allied troops.
World War IIFall of France
Italy joined Germany in war against France- attacked from the south- Germany took Paris- French leader exiled to London setting up a government in exile.- Established Free French Forces that fought the Nazi until French liberation in 1944.
World War II
Germany Assaults Great Britain
Great Britain stood ALONE against GermanyWinston Churchill, Prime Minister declared that Britain would NEVER give in to Germany.surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never-in nothing, great or small, large or petty - never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our School history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.
World War II Operation Sea Lion
- Luftwaffe – (German Air Force) bombed Great Britain.
- Focused on the bombing of London.
World War IIBritain’s Secret
WeaponsRadar – detected number,
speed & direction of incoming planes
Enigma – German code machine in the hands of Britain became a code breaking machine.
Germany called off attacks on Britain in May 1941.
The Germans were stopped by the Allies!
World War II Eastern Front
Because of the success of Britain, Hitler changed his European strategy.
- North Africa – Italy had already tried to seize control of British controlled Egypt.- The British fought back driving the Italians back-Hitler stepped in to help save Italy
World War II
German commander Rommel (Desert Fox) was sent to help the Italians defeat the British in Africa.
Hitler attacked the Balkans in order to build military bases in the region. Yugoslavia fell in 11 days and Greece fell in 17.
World War IIGermany Invades the Soviet Union Operation Barbarossa Surprise to Russia - blitzkrieg Germany moved 500 miles inland Retreating Russians used scorched
earth
World War IIBy December, Germany Retreated summer uniforms fuel and oil froze weapons became useless
World War II U. S. Aids Allies
Lend-Lease Act Lend or lease arms and other
supplies to any nation vital to the United States
Churchill and Roosevelt met secretly on a battleship to sign the Atlantic Charter upholding free trade and self determination.
United States Enters WW II
Dec. 7, 1941 Japan Attacked Pearl Harbor
America Declared War On Japan
Dec. 8, 1941
http://www.usconstitution.com/FDRInfamySpeech.htm
World War IIJapan
After Pearl Harbor Japan took and or attacked
GuamWake IslandPhilippinesHong Kong
World War IIAllies Strikes Back
Allied forces led by led by Lt. Col. Doolittle. - bombed major Japanese cities- not much physical damage but the Japanese understood they were subject to attack-raised American morale
World War IIPacific Battles
Coral Sea – Japan & the Allies used aircraft carriers for the first time. The Allies lost more ships but stop Japanese southward expansion.
Battle of Midway – Japanese target because of American military bases located there. Pacific Allied commander Nimitz was outnumbered by Japanese naval forced 4 to 1. Japanese ships were attacked destroying 322 Japanese planes.
The Allies won the victory.
World War IIAdditional Allied Victories
Gen. Douglas MacArthur Commander of Allied forces in the
Pacific Proposed “island hopping” past
Japanese strong points Seize islands not well defended Cut supply lines
The Holocaust
Germany Targeted Jews, homosexuals, gypsies and others
Idea of the Master Race Gov’t Policy of Persecution
(Kristallnacht)
Emigration The Final Solution
World War II
World War II
DEATHS Jews Killed % SurvivedPoland 3,300,000 10Soviet Union 2,850,000 56Hungary 650,000 30Romania 600,000 50Germany/Austria 240,000 10
Allied Victories
Force A Two Front War Allied Victory in North Africa
Fighting in N. Africa since 1941 Germans dug in near Alexandra All out British assault defeated the
Germans Allies launched Operation Torch in Algeria
and Morocco – defeated Germans in 1943
World War II
Allies Defeated Germany at Stalingrad Luftwaffe bombed the city nightly Stalin ordered the defense of the city Germans controlled 90% of the city Russians trapped the Germans inside the city where they cut off supplies. Germans surrendered.
World War II
Allies Invaded and Defeated Italy 1943 Allies invaded Sicily Mussolini fell Disguised himself as a German
soldier Next day Mussolini was shot Mussolini’s body was displayed in
Milan
World War IID-Day Invasion of France* Largest military invasion in history* 3.5 Million Allied troops – Operation Overlord*Dummy army set up at Calais*Germans protected by concrete walls*Thousands of casualties*Allies held the beach*A million additional troops
World War II
Battle of the Bulge
Soviets from the eastAllies from the westGermans broke through western defenses creating a bulge in the defensive line
Allies pushed back the Germans and defeated them
Soon afterward Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered.
World War IIBombing of Nagasaki & Hiroshima
After the loss of many Allied livesin battle with Japan, the decision was made to bomb Japan rather than suffer the loss of perhaps another ½ to a million soldiers
8/6/45 - The first Atomic Bomb was dropped on Hiroshima with the lossof 73,000 lives – Japan did not surrender
8/9/1945 – The second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.Japan officially surrendered September 2, 1945
Hiroshima 3 Days Before “Little Boy”
Hiroshima After: August 6, 1945
Nagasaki Before “Fat Man”
Japan Surrenders: Sept. 2, 1945
Shigemitsu signs the conditions of surrender aboard the USS Missouri
Post War Europe
Huge Loss of Life and Property Agriculture and Infrastructure Destroyed Unstable Post War Governments Nuremberg Trials
International Military Tribunal to try German war crimes
Occupation and Demilitarization of Japan Japan was ordered to take down military forces, leaving only
enough to defend the nation A constitution was written U. S. helped with the rebuilding of the Japanese economy