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Civil War
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The Civil War
Selecting a Research Topic :The Multi-Genre Project
Over the next month, you will be focusing your
research on a single person or event from the Civil War Era.
Therefore, you must pick a topic that genuinely piques your interest.
You will spend a lot of energy becoming an expert on your topic in order to build historical empathy. What was it like to walk in their shoes? What influenced their actions? Or, how did the battle or event influence the outcome of the war?
Why Topic Selection is So Important:
After looking at the following slides, your task is
to rank your top 3 choices for research topics. You will need to defend your reasons for picking
your topic to your teacher. Ask Yourself:
What really captures my interests? Will I be motivated to spend an extended amount
of time studying this topic? Is it something that is important to me? Why is this topic fascinating to me?
Defend Your Choice
The nation was split between the north (UNION) and the south (CONFEDERATE)
Border states were slave states that did not leave the union. People in these states fought on both sides.
Civil War Map
Union Historical Figures
- What started as a war to preserve the Union, and keep all the United States together changed over time into a war to end slavery.- These individuals fought, worked, gave speeches, wrote articles, nursed, spied and helped the on the side of the Union.- An abolitionist is a person who wanted to outlaw and end slavery. Not everyone in the north, however, held the same views on slavery.
Clara Barton
Nicknamed, "the angel of the battlefield," Clara Barton began attending to wounded Union soldiers after the early losses at Bull Run
Her courage in the face of danger soon became legendary.
Barton began organizing donations and distributing necessary medicines and materials.
Years later, she went on to found the American Red Cross.
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
Came to be known as “Mother Bickerdyke”
Hospital Administrator Talents ranged from
brewing coffee for her “boys” to assisting with amputations
Legendary for ability to scrounge together supplies
Matthew Brady
Premier photographer of the Civil War
Father of photojournalism
Took thousands of pictures during the Civil War
His photos have helped us understand the war
John Brown
Radical abolitionist Fought in Bleeding
Kansas Led a group that
murdered 5 people at Potowatamie Creek
Attacked Harpers Ferry to seize weapons to arm slaves.
Ambrose Burnside
Union General roller-coaster military career
included early Civil War successes, promotion to major general, a bloody draw at the Battle of Antietam and taking over command from George McClellan.
Two spectacular failures--the "Burnside mud march" and the "Burnside mine"--led to his first retirement, his return, and final removal from command.
Later he served as Rhode Island's governor and U.S. Senator.
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
Wounded 4 times Promoted to
Brigadier General by U.S. Grant
Earned Congressional Medal of Honor for heroism at the Battle of Gettysburg
Served as Governor of Maine
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Wartime leader of Union nurses
After war became a worldwide leading advocate for better treatment of the mentally ill in prisons and asylums
Frederick Douglass
Escaped slavery Learned to read and
write and published his own autobigraphy
Abolitionist Pressed President
Lincoln to enlist black soldiers in the Union Army
David Farragut
Navy Admiral Served with
distinction for over 40 years
Famous for quote, “Damn the torpedoes!”
Led the Union to victory at the Battle of Mobile Bay
Ulysses S. Grant
Nicknamed U.S. (Unconditional Surrender) Grant.
Rose from obscurity to be the top Union General by wars end.
Went on to be elected president in 1868.
Joseph Hooker
West Point Graduate Union General Nicknamed “Fighting
Joe” for his bravery at Williamsburg
Fell out of favor by 1864
Abraham Lincoln
President of the Union during the Civil War
Signed the Emancipation Proclamation
Famous for Gettysburg Address following the battle of Gettysburg.
Ely Parker
Seneca Indian with legal training
Wrote the terms for confederate surrender
Headed the nation as the leader of the Indian Affairs Bureau
George McClellan
Union General Brilliant soldier,
excellent at training troops.
Hesitancy and differences with his commander and chief Abraham Lincoln, led to his dismissal as top general.
Wendell Phillips
Abolitionist Harvard graduate Leading orator of the
time period After war continued
to fight for human rights including Womans Rights and native American Rights
William Lloyd Garrison
Abolitionist who founded the American Anti-Slavery Society
Wrote a newspaper called The Liberator
Elisha Hunt Rhodes
Union Soldier Joined Rhode Island
volunteers in 1861 His diary of the war
supplied a candid and fascinating impression of the slaughter and tragedy of the war
Dred Scott
Famous for trying to get his freedom
1857 case ruled against him and stated that slaves are property and cannot become free if they move to a free state.
Court case further fanned the flames leading to the civil war
Harriet Tubman
Famous conductor on the Underground Railroad
Led over 300 slaves to freedom
Nicknamed “the general” for her tough discipline
Would lead slaves at gunpoint to keep them silent as they fled
William Tecumseh Sherman
Union General Captured the southern
city of Atlanta Fought with the
philosophy of Total War-burning and destroying civilian infrastructure
1864 “March to the Sea” decimated the South's ability to wage war
Robert Smalls
Slave who was born in South Carolina
Freed himself and crew by commandeering the CSS Planter and sailing it north
Became a sea captain for the Union
Annie Wittenmyer
Cared for wounded soldiers during the Civil War
Helped create the Iowa Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home
First president of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Pauline Cushman
Union Actress and Spy
Became known as Miss Major Cushman by wars end for her service to the Union cause.
Emma Edmonds
Dressed as a man to enlist in the Union Army
After contracting malaria, she returned to the civil war as a nurse and spy
George Armstrong Custer
Brilliant Cavalry commander for the Union
Cocky and headstrong After Civil War,
continued to fight in the west
Infamous for his defeat during the Indian Wars at “Custer’s Last Stand” at the Battle of Little Bighorn
Daniel Webster
Politician from Massachusetts
Worked for compromises during the time leading up to the Civil War
Served as U.S. Secretary of State two times.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Referred to by Abraham Lincoln as, “The little lady who started this big war.”
Her novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin changed the way many Americans felt about slavery.
Nat Turner
Led a slave rebellion in 1831, in Virgina
Contributed to southern fears of blacks overthrowing their masters
ConfederateHistorical Figures
-The following historical figures fought on the southern side. They believed that individual states had the right to allow slavery or not.
-The south was called the Confederacy, or the Confederate States of America
Confederate Flag
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beaurgard
Field Commander for the South.
Veteran of Mexican American War.
Left Union Army to defend home state of Louisiana.
Fought at Fort Sumter & Bull Run
John Wilkes Booth
Stage Actor from the south
Assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C.
John Calhoun
Leading southern politician from South Carolina
Died 11 years before Civil War began
Believed strongly in states rights and was an inspiration to southern secession.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederacy
From Kentucky Supported Robert E.
Lee Imprisoned after
Civil War
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Brilliant southern cavalry officer (led troops on horseback).
After Civil War became the first Grand Wizard of the Ku-Klux-Klan
Rose O’Neal Greenhow
Famous southern Spy
Well known in Washington D.C. high society
Used her connections to pass secrets to Confederate generals.
Ambrose P. Hill
Known as a ferocious fighter
Virginian and graduate of West Point
Fought with Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson and
John Bell Hood
Leader of the legendary Texas Brigade
Wounded at Gettysburg
Defended Atlanta against Sherman
After war went into business but died penniless
Thomas Jackson
Famously brave, eccentric and secretive general for the south.
Robert E. Lee’s most trusted officer.
Nicknamed “Stonewall Jackson” at First Battle of Bull Run.
Shot by his own troops on accident.
Robert E. Lee
Regarded as the war’s finest general.
Fought for the south due to his loyalty to his home state of Virginia.
Lincoln asked him to lead the Union Army.
Opposed slavery.
James Longstreet
West Point graduate who fought for the south
Often argued with Robert E. Lee
Blamed for Pickett’s charge and failure at Gettysburg
Went on to be the U.S. ambassador to Turkey.
George Pickett
Southern General Cut down the
famous Irish Brigade at Fredericksburg
Notorious for ill-fated “Pickett’s Charge” at Gettysburg.
J.E.B. Stuart
Left Union Army to fight for the Confederacy
Excelled at gather intelligence about the other side
Charasmatic leader who died at the battle of Yellow Tavern Crossroads
Famous for saying, “I would rather die than be whipped.”
Sally Louisa Tompkins
Nicknamed the “Angel of the Confederacy”
Started her own private hospital in Richmond, Virgina, to care for wounded confederate soldiers
Eli Whitney
Invented the Cotton Gin
Helped make Cotton farming a booming industry in the south and very profitable - $
Therefore, furthered the expansion of slavery into western territories
Civil War Battles
Fort Sumter
Sea Fort in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
Held by the Union at the very start of the war
Bombing of Fort Sumter in the early morning hours of April 12, 1861 were the first shots fired in the Civil War
Antietam
Bloodiest single day battle of the Civil War and of American History
Over 20,000 soldiers died
Took place near Sharpsburg, Maryland
1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
First major battle of the War
The south wins the battle Shows north that this will
not be a quick and easy war
Wealthy northerners brought picnic lunches to watch the battle, until the confederates broke through the line, when they had to run for safety!
Vicksburg
Citizens of Vicksburg had to live in dug-out homes during the siege of Vicksburg due to all of the bombing.
City on the Mississippi River. Confederate Cannons on the top of bluffs controlled the river
U.S. Grant lays siege to the town.
Eventually, the north wins this battle and city.
Key turning point in war during the summer of 1863.
Gettysburg
Turning point of the war for Union victory Took place July 1-3, 1863 Highest death toll of the war Ends Lee’s invasion of the north.
March to the Sea
After capturing Atlanta, Union forces under General William Tecumseh Sherman, marched to the sea, burning, destroying and pillaging everything in their path.
Total War – trying to end the war by destroying southern infrastructure.
Appomattox
Final battle and surrender of Robert E. Lee.
More Battles…These could be good topics if you are really interested in war strategy or a specific battle. Fields of Fury would be an excellent place to start your research.
Fort Donelson Shiloh Battle of New Orleans Peninsular Campaign Seven Days Battles 2nd Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Fredericksburg Chancellorsville Chickamauga Chattanooga The Wilderness & Spotsylvania Cold Harbor The Battle of Atlanta The Battle of Mobile Bay Petersburg
Additional Topics
Bleeding Kansas
Armed fighting between southern, “border ruffians” and northern “free soilers.”
Political fighting between the north and south over Kansas: Would it enter the union as a free or slave state?
Fugitive Slave Act
Passed as a measure of the Compromise of 1850
Allowed southern slave owners to come north and reclaim escaped slaves
The Anaconda Plan
Proposed by General Winfield Scott
The Union’s plan to win the Civil War
Surround and block the south and squeeze them until they give up.
Border States
States that were between the North and South and did not secede from the Union.
What did people in these states think about the Civil War?
The Emancipation Proclamation
Presidential Order executed by Abraham Lincoln on January 1st, 1863
Only slaves in states that were in rebellion were freed by this order
Wartime measure that Lincoln passed out of necessity to get African American soldiers to fight for the Union cause.
Secession
Southern states leave the United states to form their own country called the Confederate States of America
The Underground Railroad
The network of safe houses and routes that slaves followed to escape to the North.
“Conductors” like Harriet Tubman led these slaves to safety
Woman At War
What role did woman take during the Civil War?
Thousands of women in the North and South joined volunteer brigades and signed up to work as nurses.
By the end of the war, these experiences had expanded many Americans’ definitions of “true womanhood.”
African Americans at War
After the Emancipation Proclamation, thousands of African Americans joined Union ranks to fight for their freedom.
Boys at War
Boys as young as 12, 13 and 14 went off to fight in the civil war.
What was their experience like?
Ironclads
Steam powered warships covered with iron or steel armor plates.
The Monitor and the Merrimac
Andersonville Prison
Southern prison near Andersonville, Georgia
Infamous for terrible, gruesome conditions and lack of supplies for captured soldiers
Of the approximately 45,000 Union prisoners held during the war, nearly 13,000 died of starvation, malnutrition, diarrhea or disease.
Reconstruction
1865-1877
The time period after the Civil War is known as The Reconstruction Era.
How did southern states become part of the Union again?
What happened to newly freed, former slaves?
Camp Randall
Training facility for Wisconsin soldiers during the Civil War
Over 70,000 volunteer recruits received training at Camp Randall
Today is the site of the Badgers Football Stadium
Wisconsin Volunteers
During its four long years, more than 90,000 Wisconsin soldiers fought for the Union cause.
Do you have an ancestor who fought for the Union?
Old Abe, a female bald eagle was the mascot for the 8th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry(No this is not a topic option)
Sources
Pictures and information gathered from:
http://www.pbs.org/civilwar/war/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War