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Planning for Social Equity:
Tools for Change & Meeting Challenges
Thursday, September 24
3:45pm-5:00pm
Modera tor : Pane l i s t s :
Scot t Wo l f E r i n Bogg s
Jenn i fe r Ra i t t
Je f f Dav i s
BUILDING EQUITY INTO
PLANNING: TOOLS AND
CHALLENGES
Conference of the Southern New England American Planning
Association
September 24, 2015
Erin Boggs, Esq.
Open Communities Alliance
Open Communities Alliance is a new
Connecticut-based civil rights non-profit
working with an urban-suburban interracial
coalition to advocate for access to
opportunity, particularly through
promoting affordable housing
development in thriving communities.
OPEN COMMUNITIES ALLIANCEEmbracing Diversity to Strengthen Connecticut
3
1. The Equity Problem
2. Challenges
3. Effective Tools
4. Cautions/Tips
4
ROAD MAP
5
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY
EQUITY?
Vast income & wealth gap –Blacks and Latinos earn half or less than Whites (CT)
Educational achievement
Health disparities
Unemployment disparities
Incarceration ratios
Also – disparities for people with disabilities & single parents
6
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES
THE EVIDENCE THAT ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITY
MATTERS GROWS EVERY DAY
7
LONG TERM ANALYSIS OF MOBILITY:
CHETTY ET AL.
Outcomes for children who
moved before age 13:
Girls were 26% less likely to
become single parents
Greater chance of going to
college, and a higher quality
college
30% higher income
8
We estimate that [a move]
out of public housing to a
low-poverty area when
young (at age 8 on
average) using an MTO-
type experimental voucher
will increase the child’s
total lifetime earnings by
about $302,000.
Second Chetty et al. study showed that the longer a child can be in
a lower poverty area the greater the positive outcomes.
Heather Schwartz Study
Low income children who move
to mixed income areas cut the
achievement gap in half over a
5-7 year period.
HOUSING POLICY IS SCHOOL POLICY
9
10
Education Opportunity
Score
Economic Opportunity
Score
Housing/Neighborhood
Score
Final Opportunity Score (Map)
CONNECTING TO PLANNING:
GEOGRAPHIC OPPORTUNITY
11
12
WHERE DO WE LIVE?
OPPORTUNITY BY RACE AND ETHNICITY IN CT
% of People by Race & Ethnicity Living in
Lower Opportunity Areas
Blacks: 73%
Latinos: 73%
Whites: 26%
Asians: 36%
NEW ANALYSIS:
OPPORTUNITY DETAIL AND RACE
Very Low Low Moderate High Very High
White 9% 17% 22% 23% 29%
Black 52% 21% 13% 9% 5%
Asian 14% 21% 19% 20% 25%
Hispanic 50% 22% 12% 9% 7%
Very Low Low Moderate High Very High
White 9% 29%
Black 52% 5%
Asian 14% 25%
Hispanic 50% 7%
Big picture – how to we achieve access to
opportunity?
Investing in under-resourced areas.
AND
Ensuring that people who want to can move or
otherwise access higher opportunity resources
(schools, jobs).
15
SOLUTIONS
16
SO, IF INCOME MATTERS, THE LOCATION
OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING MATTERS
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Very Low
Low
Moderate
High
Very High
CT Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Program
Struggling Communities:
Thriving Suburban Communities:
17
CHALLENGES: ENTRENCHED
VIEWS/MYTHS
Everyone wants to stay and
should have the right to do
so.
v. Everyone wants to leave and
should have the right to do so
Objections to affordable housing
means you are NIMBY racists
v. Poverty concentration will harm
our schools/kids, housing prices,
crime rates, property taxes
Maps/Data!
Opportunity Mapping
Segregation maps
Subsidized housing maps
Surveys
HUD Affirmatively Furthering
Obligations/Resources
18
TOOLS
Surveys and focus groups
in CT show that many
people want to move.
National surveys show that
diversity is valued.
How the survey is
developed is important.
19
SURVEYS
Professor Maria Krysan, University of Illinois at Chicago,
http://prrac.org/newsletters/julaug2015.pdf.
What does “Affirmatively Furthering Fair
Housing” Mean?
Taking meaningful actions [to] … address significant disparities
in housing needs and in access to opportunity, replacing
segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced
living patterns, transforming racially and ethnically
concentrated areas of poverty into areas of opportunity, and
fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair
housing laws.
20
HUD’S NEW AFFIRMATIVELY FURTHERING
FAIR HOUSING: QUICK VERSION
21
THE LONG HISTORY OF GOVERNMENT
POLICIES PROMOTING SEGREGATION
Bel-Crest development, West Hartford,
CT Race Restrictive Language
"No persons of any race except the white
race shall use or occupy any building on
any lot except that this covenant shall
not prevent occupancy by domestic
servants of a different race employed by
an owner or tenant."
Jurisdictions and Insular Areas that are required to submit
consolidated plans for the following programs:
CDBG
ESG
HOME
HOPWA
PHAs receiving assistance under sections 8 or 9 of the United
States Housing Act of 1937
[see 24 CFR § 5.154(b)]
22
TO WHOM DOES THE AFFH RULE APPLY?
Recipients must produce a FAIR HOUSING ASSESSMENT at least
once every five years. This must encompass:
ENGAGEMENT. Engaging the community in fair housing
planning and adhere to community participation
requirements. See 24 CFR § 5.158.
ASSESSMENT.
Using the Assessment Tool provided by HUD. See 24 CFR § 5.154(d).
Analyzing fair housing issues and contributing factors in their
jurisdictions and regions. See 24 CFR § 5.154(d)(3) and (4).
23
WHAT MUST BE DONE UNDER THE RULE
GOALS. Set goals to address identified significant contributing
factors and related fair housing issues and follow through on
these goals in the Consolidated Plan and/or PHA Plan. See 24
CFR § 5.154(d)(4)(ii i).
ACTION. Take meaningful actions that AFFH and not take any
action that is inconsistent with the duty to AFFH. See 24 CFR
§ 5.150 and § 5.162.
ADJUST. Look back and make adjustments to previously
established fair housing goals to ensure that progress occurs.
See 24 CFR § 5.154(d)(7).
24
FAIR HOUSING ASSESSMENT, CONT.
Beta vers ion avai lable unt i l September 26 th.
http ://www.huduser.org/por ta l/af fht_pt .html#af fhassess - tab25
AFFH DATA
Large dots are:
• Public Housing
• Other Multifamily
• Project-Based Section 8
• LIHTC
The Fair Housing Assessment must take a regional approach.
The Fair Housing Assessment and Consolidated Plan must
reflect the same fair housing concerns and goals.
The AFFH rule is only as strong as local advocacy that
identifies issues as part of the public comment obligation.
26
OF PARTICULAR INTEREST TO PLANNERS
Erin Boggs, Esq.
Executive Director
Open Communities Alliance
75 Charter Oak Avenue, Suite 1-210
Hartford, CT 06106
860-610-6040
Check out Open Communities Alliance at
http://www.ctoca.org!
27
PRESENTER INFORMATION
Building Equity into Planning
in The Metro Boston Region
Southern New England APA Conference
Jennifer Raitt, Assistant Director of Land Use Planning
Metropolitan Area Planning Council
September, 24 2015
MetroFuture
30
Where are regional population
gains coming from?
-6.1%
1.1%
2.0%
0.4%
2.7%
-7%
-6%
-5%
-4%
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
White Black/African American Asian Other Latino
Change in ShareRace/Ethnicity, 2000 - 2010
Source: Census 2000 and 2010, MetroFuture Region (164 municipalities).
Age distribution of Metro Boston
region’s children
Where the Metro Boston region’s
children live, by race
Where the Metro Boston region’s
children live, by race
Adults, as they try to make a
good living, build a home, and stay
healthy
Children, as they try to grow up
healthy, learn, and play
Seniors, as they try to remain
active, retire comfortably, and stay
connected
Inequity Impacts Us All…
Teens and Young
Adults, as they try to learn, stay
safe and out of trouble, and establish
independence
Travel Time Penalty by Race & Mode
10
28
70
167
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
An
nu
al T
rave
l T
ime
Pe
na
lty
(ho
urs
)
Black car
commuters
vs.
white car
commuters
Black subway
commuters
vs.
white subway
commuters
Black bus
commuters
vs.
white bus
commuters
Black bus
commuters
vs.
white car
commuters
Source: PUMS 2007 - 2011; Dukakis Center at Northeastern University
Encourage development and preservation consistent with SMART GROWTH PRINCIPLES.
Partner with our cities and towns to PROMOTE REGIONAL COLLABORATION, enhance EFFECTIVENESS, and increase EFFICIENCY.
Play a leading role in helping the region to achieve greater EQUITY.
Help the region reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the physical, environmental, and social impacts of CLIMATE CHANGE and NATURAL HAZARDS
Housing planning for many municipalities Strategies to produce housing for Middle-
Income Households Zoning for multi-family and mixed-income
housing Advancing state housing policy initiatives Providing technical assistance to local affordable
housing boards, trusts and committees Affirmatively furthering fair housing activities www.mapc.org/fair-housing-toolkit
43
• Tenure
• Household Size and Type
• Bedroom Count
• Cost Burden
• Mortgage Status
• Overcrowding
• Geographic Mobility
• Race and Ethnicity
• Education
• Citizenship Status
• Income and Poverty Status
Tracking Neighborhood Change
How much could rents increase?
Rents along the GLX
could rise
25% to 67%
700 to 800 renters
could become
newly cost-burdened
How much housing is needed?
(3,000)
(2,000)
(1,000)
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
10 -14
15 -19
20 -24
25 -29
30 -34
35 -39
40 -44
45 -49
50 -54
55 -59
60 -64
65 -69
70 -74
75 plus
Net H
ousi
ng U
nit D
em
and, 2010 -
2020
Age in 2010
Net Housing Unit Demand by Age,City of Somerville, 2010 - 2020, Stronger Region Scenario
Single Family
Multifamily
Source: MAPC Population Projections 2013
6,300 to 9,000 new units needed to accommodate new
residents
http://www.mapc.org/neighborhood-
change
Importance of Community Engagement
• Community-wide workshops
• Neighborhood forums
• Surveys
• Tours of development and neighborhoods in region
• Interviews with key stakeholders
• Focus Groups
• Attending stakeholders’ meetings
• Farmer’s Markets, Community Days..
• Outreach….50
Photo credits: Metropolitan Area Planning Council and JM Goldson community planning + preservation
Thank You!
For more information, please contact: Jennifer Raitt,
Assistant Director of Land Use &Chief Housing Planner
617-933-0754 | [email protected]
www.mapc.org@MAPCMetroBoston
Equity in RI PlanningTelling the Story,
Making Incremental Progress
Jeff C. Davis, AICP
RI Division of Planning
SNEAPA 2015
Social Equity
Advisory Committe
e
Community members
Non-profit organizations
Trained facilitators
Equity recommendations
Outreach and engagement
Training
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
Equity Profile of Rhode Island
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
Demographics
Economic Vitality
Readiness
Connectedness
Developed with PolicyLink
How equitable is our region?
Equity-driven growth model
Austin Post
Equity in Community Engagement
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
Plus . . .
Focus Groups
Advertisements, Surveys & major meeting materials in Spanish
Meeting in a Box ILEAD
Equity Audits
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
WHAT: Professional, third-party review of planning documents, goals, policies, and strategies with an eye toward equity impacts.
WHY: SEAC members felt they couldn’t always verbalize their concerns or critique technical aspects of plans.
HOW: MAPC staff reviewed Housing and Economic Development Plans, as they were written, and made suggestions ranging from accessibility of format and language to ideas for additional strategies.
Virtually all recommendations were incorporated
Economic Development Plan: Rhode Island rising
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
Goal 2: Foster an inclusive economy that targets opportunity to typically underserved populations
Policies
A. Develop an urban core strategy to encourage job creation and other opportunities in areas of higher concentration of unemployment and to benefit those who live there.
B. Promote opportunities for workforce training that lead to upward mobility, particularly for disadvantaged populations that have faced barriers to employment.
C. Increase diversity in the state workforce and state contracting.
Principles for implementation
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
• Set Goals
• Collect Data
• Be
Accountable
• Act Equitably
• Innovate ROLE OF THE STATE• Strong Leadership
• State as Convener
• Efficient, Coordinated State Government
• Mindfulness of the Concerns & Ideas
of all Rhode Islanders
Opportunity Mapping: Overview
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
WHAT
Technical assistance from the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity (Ohio State University)
Composite maps considering a multiplicity of factors contributing to community opportunity & vitality
WHY
Sustainability, Economic resilience & Equitable planning
Stimulate dialogue and consensus building
Inform strategic planning, program evaluation and design
HOW
Develop and agree upon a local index with input from a number of stakeholders and ground-truth the map
Additional data is overlaid to provide further information on access to opportunity
RI
Opportunity
Mapping
Comprehensive
Opportunity Index
with Housing
OverlayComprehensive Opportunity
Index
Very Low
Low
Moderate
High
Very High
“RhodeMap RI is the most dangerous public policy agenda ever proposed for the Ocean State . . . It is not a . . . plan that Rhode
Islanders would approve if they were to become aware of its many anti free-market components and its radical social justice measures.”
“When our state accepted funding from . . . HUD to develop a so-called “sustainable economic” development plan, RI signed up to advance an international “social equity” agenda that considers
private-property ownership as unfair.”
How do you continue moving forward when your message has been derailed?
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
Never underestimate the need for outreach of all
kinds – it is never enough
Bright ideas can be spoiled by politics – court your
political champions early and often
Focus on providing useful tools and information to
your local “coalition of the willing”
As the Voting Rights Act, the Fair Housing Act,
and other policy and legislation have shown, until
there is a cultural shift making equity a “no-
brainer,” these struggles will continue.
Some bright spots!
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
SEAC is exploring ways to keep meeting on its own, and representatives will be attending the 2015 Equity Summit in Los Angeles
Work of the Executive Order on equity continues under RI’s current Governor
Economic Development Plan passed the State Planning Council unanimously
Rhode Island has adopted one of the only Regional Analyses of Impediments to Fair Housing in the country
Providence Journal recently completed a very equity-focused series of articles called “Race in Rhode Island.”
In short, the dialogues continue!
RI DIVISION OF
PLANNING
For More Information:
Jeff C. Davis, AICP
RI Division of Planning
Statewide Planning
Program
