S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Cadastre and Land Registry in NorwayCadastre and Land Registry in Norway

Thai high level delegation

15. August 2005

Magnar Danielsen

Director

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Cadastre and Land Registration in NorwayCadastre and Land Registration in Norway

Background information Total area of mainland 324.000 sqkm 4,6 million inhabitants 2,7 million properties, all with geographic co-ordinates 3,7 million buildings, all with geographic co-ordinates 1,3 million addresses, all with geographic co-ordinates 2,2 million households 95 % of properties in private ownership 80 % of families own their house 99 % of farms owned by private, single farmers - 20 hectares

on average Only high mountains in general state ownership Almost all building constructions financed by mortgaging

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Two basic registersTwo basic registers

Two basic property registers the Land Register, maintained (until 2004) by the local courts

reporting to a state database data about ownership and private land rights The state guarantee the correctness

the Cadastre, maintained by the municipalities, reporting to the state database

data about parcels, buildings, apartments and addresses The state does not guarantee the correctness

both registers are in digital form, but cadastral maps are currently in partly analogue form,

digitising will be completed by 2008 A government owned company operates an integrated on-line

service to users (Norsk Eiendomsinformasjon Ltd) - 30.000 terminal users

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Data producersData producers

Cadastral surveys are undertaken by the municipalities as a monopoly - currently no private licensed surveyors

Deeds to the Land Register are prepared by real estate brokers, lawyers, banks or the private persons themselves

No notaries A special land court handles disputes over

boundaries and other land rights The judge must be a special surveyor with a 5 years degree

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

StatisticsStatistics

25.000 new parcels to the Cadastre per year 900.000 new documents to the Land Register per

year 140.000 land sales per year (5 % of the stock) 450.000 new mortgage documents registered per

year Cadastral surveys are executed within 1 - 3

months Registration in the Land Register takes 2-3 days The Cadastre - 80 % of use in public sector The Land Register - 90 % of use in private sector

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

FeesFees

Cadastral surveying; 1000 - 3000 USD per parcel (1000 sqm), set by municipalities

Registration of a transfer deed in the land register: 230 USD + 2,5 % of the land value

Registration of a mortgage: 290 USD The land register fees cover 10 times the costs of operating

the land register Financing the Cadastre

65 % from state budget 20 % from municipal fees 15 % from sale of data

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Cadastral surveying and mappingCadastral surveying and mapping

Flexible geometric accuracies for surveying boundaries:

Cities 5 - 20 cm Rural areas 1-2 meters Optionally leased land can referred to one reference point

only, without defining the boundaries exactly Most cadastral surveys are done by GPS.

The Mapping and Cadastre Authority operates a differential real time GPS service on centimetre and decimetre accuracy

Map scales Cities 1:1000 Rural 1: 5000 - 1:10000 (mountains 1:50.000)

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

New Law on the CadastreNew Law on the Cadastre

Adopted by the Parliament this spring To provide:

Better services to users Better quality in registers Meeting demand of the changing land market

By: Adding a digital cadastral map to the national register Registering public restrictions in the Cadastre Adding two new types of property objects:

volumes under or above the surface, 3 D properties land in common ownership

Introducing private licensed surveyors

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Deeds to the Land RegisterDeeds to the Land Register

Contracts are binding between the parties at the time of signature

Registration is not mandatory, but is almost “always” done Control of the validity of signatures and content of the

documents is done at the registration office Checking are done by clerks - lawyers involved in difficult

cases only Registration gives protection against third party Users can rely on the extracted information in the register

– they do not have to consult the documents The parties can rely on the registered information being

correct The parties can rely on the registered information only The state compensates any economic loss due to defaults in

the register provided that the affected party is in good belief. Also losses due to fraud (false signatures etc.) is compensated

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Reforming the land registerReforming the land register

The Land Register is moved from 87 local courts to one single registration office at the National Mapping and Cadastre Authority HQ from 2004-2007

Making ”clean” courts concentrating on rule of law Implemented in tandem with reducing the number of courts Recognising that the administration can ensure legal security in

land registration as well as courts Recognising the benefit of better co-ordination between cadastre

and land registration, particularly in development issues Lowering costs. Staff reduction by 25 % from 200 to 150 Getting uniform services throughout the country Facilitating electronic documents

Already 90 % of documents coming by post

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Implementation of the reformImplementation of the reform

Land registration services and archives transferred to The Mapping and Cadastre Authority HQ court by court over a period of 4 years

Parallel to reducing the number of courts Parallel to implementing a new IT-system at central level Maintaining uninterrupted services Changing from fees paid in advance to invoice sent after

registration Scanning of documents to start in 2006?

The Cadastre and Land Register will be kept as separate databases, with an integrated one-stop access for users

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Weaknesses in the Norwegian systemWeaknesses in the Norwegian system

Too low data quality in the Cadastre No on-line access to cadastral maps No data accessible “on-the-fly”, one day delay for

external users No registration of public restrictions on land No provision for making properties in strata (3-D

property) Long waiting times for surveys in some municipalities Large variations in prices for surveys

(1000-2000 USD) Limited service from the municipalities to clients; focus

on surveying boundaries only No on-line access to metadata No central one-stop access to municipal area plans/land

use plans

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Positive lessons learnedPositive lessons learned

The Norwegian Mapping and Cadastre Authority can ensure uninterrupted and good land registration services

Land market works efficiently without notaries Successful use of private sector in establishing

and operating databases Successful one-stop access to the Cadastre

and Land Register operated outside the basic registers

Flexible geodetic accuracies in surveying boundaries

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

The new Cadastre from 2007 The new Cadastre from 2007 - parcel map integrated in the system- parcel map integrated in the system

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Structure of the new cadastreStructure of the new cadastre

Basic cadastral attributes

Adjudication prosess

information

Cadastral map

Public imposition

Building Address

Owner

Polluted area

Cultural heritage protected by law

Cadastral unit

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

The new Cadastre The new Cadastre - Architecture overview- Architecture overview

Cadastre database

Cadastre application server

Cadastre API

Municipal read access

Reporting clientCadastre client Municipal process system

Change log

API

Public read access

Other public registersThe Land RegisterThe National Population Register

The Central Coordinating Register for Legal EntitiesThe Postal code registerThe Cultural Heritage RegisterThe Ground Pollution Register

The Integrated Land Information System

External Cadastre clients

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

Norwegian property Information SystemNorwegian property Information System

Land Register Cadastre

Property Register

Interface

”Data integrator”

WWW-portal (infoLAND)

Otherdatabases

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

38

Pilot results: time to transfer title

1 2 4 4 9 1829 34 39 43 43 45 45

6778 79 83

92

193

219

250

Big differences

WB Doing Business 2004

S T A T E N S K A R T V E R K

39

Pilot results: cost to transfer title (%value)

0 0.2 0.9 2 2.5 2.5 2.75 5.1 5.6 5.7 6.7 6.8 7.3

10.2 10.311.7

14.1 15.3

37.139.4

WB Doing Business 2004