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Claude Rochet
Urban lifecycle management : A research program for smart
government of smart cities
Prof. Claude [email protected]
1
What means “Smart”= presence of a learning feedback loop
2
Action Effect
feedbackfrom 0,0001sec. to a génération
Sensors
Data
TreatmentInterpretationUsage
Decision
Technologies
Social sciences
Iconomy
When speaking of smart cities, what does it means?
Efficient urbanization
Inclusive urbanization
Sustainable urbanization
3
Complex System Architecture: What are the key functions and their (un) desirable interactions?
System Integration: Granting people the same capacity to interact and have control over the urban system
Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis, resilience, scalability, innovation coordination
The smart city and the temptation of the totalitarian utopia
• Utopia= A perfect city in a perfect world
1896
1517
1623
1898
Are IT the new totalitarian utopia?
Is modeling a smart city possible?
• A dead end: The temptation of the ideal city : XX century garden cities, techno-pushed approaches Masdar, Songdo…
• A city is a living system
5
Claude Rochet
Our basic assumptions
• A smart city is not putting lipstick on a bulldog
• A smart city is an ecosystem that includes the city and its periphery
• A smart city is a city where one may live and work in:o Economic wealth creationo Social lifeo Common weal
• A resilient architecture:o A living system based on cooperation between public authorities, private corp.,
citizenso A properly designed architecture made with off-the-shelf componentso Systemic resilience is leveraged using IT
• A sea change in firms business models and public administration.
What is our shared What is our shared vision?vision?
11/09/20146
What modelling means?
The Lego game:
• The construction is based on standardized building blocks
• No two figures are alike
• Building is made using patterns: rules of integration using semantic + syntax
• The final result in an integration of all the building blocks which is specific to needs and specifications
7
Claude Rochet
A rationale for a smart city a system architect:
A three steps approach
• Strategic analysis
• Inventorying the building blocks
• Integrating the ecosystem
• Strategic alignment
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Must do
May do
How to do it?
A rationale for a smart city a system architect:1- Strategic analysis
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Why building a city & what are the strategic
goals? Who are the stakeholders?
What are the generic functions to be
performed by a smart city?
With which organs? Technical devices, software…
With which smart people?
Conception, metamodel framework, steering
Subsystems and processes
People and tools
Why designing this ecosystem?Who will live in the city?What are its activities?
How the city will be fed?Where the city is located ? (context)
What are the functions to be performed to reach the goals and how do they
interact?
With which organs and ressources?
How people will interact with the artifacts?
How civic life will organize?
Claude Rochet
A rationale for a smart city a system architect:2- Inventorying the “building blocks”
11/09/201410
Issues
• Defining “smartness” and “sustainability”
• Wealth creation• Finance and taxes• Controlling
pollution• Equilibrium center
– periphery• Migrations• Poverty• Education• Health• Crime• Segregation (social
and spatial)• Leisure• Quality of life• How people
interact with people and artifacts?
• The New Business Models:
• Public• Private
• Project management• Institutional
arrangements• The day to day
decision making process in an evolutionary perspective
• Empowerment• Direct democracy• Government• Governance• Project management• Social innovation• The state as a system
engineer• Mastering ULM
Functions• Work• Budgeting• Transportat
ion• Feeding• Caring• Protecting• Securing• Housing
policy• Education• Leisure• Social
benefits• Health care
system• Migrations
control
Resources
• Energy• Water• Data• Digital Systems• Traditions• Sociology• Technologies as
enablers and enacters
• Culture and traditions
• Institutions and public organizations
• Process modeling• Software• Tech providers• Open innovation
Capabilities
Claude Rochet
11/09/201411
A rationale for a smart city a system architect:3- Integration of the building blocks
Soft domains Hard domains
SMART city
TransportationIndustry
WorkHousing
Sanitation
EnergyWater
Waste recycling
Public services Health care
Civic life Leisure
Education Social integration
Gov
ernm
ent
Eco
nom
y
Institutional scaffolding Social life
Periphery
City
Urban ecosystem
Territory
Commercial exchanges
Food
Problems in smart cities ecosystem modeling
Hard systems may be models thanks to the laws of physics (conservative systems)
Soft systems can’t be modeled with the laws of physics (dissiptive systems)
- Social siences- Big data
- Multi-agents modeling
The key of the success is here…
… while business is there
System integration, a key competency to be developed
Claude Rochet
A tool to design and monitor the ecosystem: ULM (Urban Lifecycle Management©)
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Mat
urity
of e
cosy
stem
ic p
rope
rtie
s
Development
From history, social intelligence, idea, to framework Integrating off-the-
shelves innovation
Functional integration
Technical integration
Designing the engineering ecosystem
Project management
City 1.0
Gathering data and understanding ecosystem evolutionEvaluating,
correcting and upgrading
Sustainable City 1.0
Integrating innovation
City 2.0
Risk of collapse
Losing ecosystemic properties
Permanent improvement
Financial governance
Socio political cycle
Innovation cycle
New City
Some critical points: Data
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Legacy: How the city has evolved in the past
•Hard data: statistics•Soft data: human memory => understanding the technological trajectory and social capital
Present and future: Understanding how the city is evolving
•Observatory for hard and soft data
•Big data=> Evaluating the scalability and resilience, improving social capital
Some critical points: Monitoring evolution and innovation
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Innovation within building blocks has different speeds With smart networks innovation cycles are
connected:(before, no): a permanent challenge
The city dweller is the decider in last resort of the impact of any innovation on the city life: Good/Bad, useful/unusual, improve/kill
Power to technology or to citizens?
Correlations => Induction
Deduction =>Hypotheses Where is the brain?
Existing knowledge
Some critical points: Improving social capital, bottom-up vs. top-down: The case of Christchurch (NZ)
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Citizen produce ideas
Producing and structuring ideas
Smart government
• Design the business model of the city based on patterns
• Vibrant political life
• Open innovation all along the city life cycle
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Integration of disciplines
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Leve
ls o
f com
plex
ity
City
Functions
Citizens
Complex systems engineering
Extended P.A
Political philosophy
Complex system
modeling
Interaction and
synergies
Social networks
and interactions
Overlaps and interactions
Common good as an emergence and structuring finality
Ends and means of wealth creation
Civic implication
PolycentricGovce
The research and training program
• Integrating and upgrading into smart cities issues the basics of complex systems architecture as a basic baggage for SC stake holders
• Learning by doing: Applied research to the building of pilot projects
• Convergence of disciplines: engineering, social sciences, urban sociology, system architecture, political philosophy, complex decision making
22
Merci!
23
Thank you!