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From : Bijal Damani

Bollywood Industry

By : Meet Chavda

IntroductionBollywood is formally referred to as Hindi cinema. Bollywood is the informal term popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay), Maharashtra, India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the total Indian film industry, which includes other production centres producing films in regional languages.

Etymology The name "Bollywood" is derived from Bombay (the former name for Mumbai). The naming scheme for "Bollywood" was inspired by "Tollywood", the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal .

History

Film poster for first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Irani's Alam Ara(1931)

Pukar (1939)

GuruDutt(1925-1964)

Raja Harishchandra (1913), by Dadasaheb Phalke, was the first silent feature film made in India. By the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Irani's Alam Ara (1931), was a major commercial success. There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals; Bollywood and all the regional film industries quickly switched to sound filming.In 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of Alam Ara fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, Kisan Kanya. The next year, he made another colour film, Mother India. However, colour did not become a popular feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the staple fare at the cinema.

AlamAra

Modern Cinema

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, romance movies and action films starred actors like Rajesh Khanna, Dharmendra, Sanjeev Kumar and Shashi Kapoorand ; actresses like Sharmila Tagore, Mumtaz and Asha Parekh. In the mid-1970s, Amitabh Bachchan, the star known for his "angry young man" roles, rode the crest of this trend with actors like Mithun Chakraborty and Anil Kapoor, which lasted into the early 1990’s. Actresses from this era included Hema Malini, Jaya Bachchan and Rekha.

Some Hindi filmmakers such as Shyam Benegal continued to produce realistic Parallel Cinema throughout the 1970s, alongside Mani Kaul, Kumar Shahani, Ketan Mehta, Govind Nihalani and Vijaya Mehta. The 1970s thus saw the rise of commercial cinema in the form of enduring films such as Sholay(1975), which solidified Amitabh Bachchan's position as a lead actor.

The Hindi film industry has preferred films that appeal to all segments of the audience, and has resisted making films that target narrow audiences. It was believed that aiming for a broad spectrum would maximise box office receipts. However, filmmakers may be moving towards accepting some box-office segmentation, between films that appeal to rural Indians, and films that appeal to urban and overseas audiences.

Influences for BollywoodThe ancient Indian epics of Mahabharata and

Ramayana which have exerted a profound influence on the thought and imagination of Indian popular cinema, particularly in its narratives. Examples of this influence include the techniques of a side story, back-story and story within a story. Indian popular films often have plots which branch off into sub-plots; such narrative dispersals can clearly be seen in the 1993 films Khalnayak and Gardish.

The traditional folk theatre of India, which became popular from around the 10th century with the decline of Sanskrit theatre. These regional traditions include the Yatra of Bengal, the Ramlila of Uttar Pradesh, and the Terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu.

Western musical television, particularly MTV, which has had an increasing influence since the 1990s, as can be seen in the pace, camera angles, dance sequences and music of 2000s Indian films. An early example of this approach was in Mani Ratnam's Bombay (1995).

Genre ConventionsBollywood films are mostly musicals, and are

expected to contain catchy music in the form of song-and-dance numbers woven into the script. A film's success often depends on the quality of such musical numbers. Indeed, a film's music is often released before the movie itself and helps increase the audience.

Melodrama and romance are common ingredients to Bollywood films. Pictured Achhut Kanya (1936)

Bollywood plots have tended to be melodramatic. They frequently employ formulaic ingredients such as star-crossed lovers and angry parents, love triangles, family ties, sacrifice, corrupt politicians, kidnappers, conniving villains, courtesans with hearts of gold, long-lost relatives and siblings separated by fate, dramatic reversals of fortune, and convenient coincidences.

Cast And CrewBollywood employs people from all parts of India.

It attracts thousands of aspiring actors and actresses, all hoping for a break in the industry. Models and beauty contestants, television actors, theatre actors and even common people come to Mumbai with the hope and dream of becoming a star. Just as in Hollywood, very few succeed. Since many Bollywood films are shot abroad, many foreign extras are employed too.

Only a very few non-Indian actors are able to make a mark in Bollywood, though many have tried from time to time. There have been some exceptions, one recent example is the hit film Rang De Basanti where the lead actress is Alice Patten, an Englishwoman. Kisna, Lagaan, and The Rising: Ballad of Mangal Pandey also featured foreign actors. There is also Emma Brown Garett, an Australian born actress, who is starring in a few Indian films.

Bollywood Songs And Dance

Songs in Bollywood are sung by professional playback singers, rather than actors, who lip-sync the lyrics. Pictured here is Mukesh, a famed playback singer.

Bollywood dances usually follow filmi songs

Playback singers are prominently featured in the opening credits and have their own fans who will go to an otherwise lackluster movie just to hear their favourites. Going by the quality as well as the quantity of the songs they rendered, most notable singers of Bollywood are Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Geeta Dutt, Shamshad Begum and Alka Yagnik among female playback singers.

K.L.Saigal, Talat Mahmood, Mukesh, Mohammed Rafi, Hemant Kumar, Kishore Kumar, Udit Narayan and Sonu Nigam among male playback singers.

Their songs can make or break a film and usually do. Remixing of film songs with modern beats and rhythms is a common occurrence today, and producers may even release remixed versions of some of their films' songs along with the films' regular soundtrack album.

Previously song and dance scenes often used to be shot in Kashmir, but due to political unrest in Kashmir since the end of the 1980s, those scenes have since then often been shot in Western Europe, particularly in Switzerland Austria.

Dialogues & LyricsDialogues are usually written in an unadorned

Hindi or Hindustani that would be understood by the largest possible audience. Some movies, however, have used regional dialects to evoke a village setting, or old-fashioned, courtly, Persian-influenced Urdu in Mughal era.

historical films. Contemporary mainstream movies also make great use of English. Some movie scripts are first written in Roman alphabet. Characters may shift from one language to the other to express a certain atmosphere.

Cinematic language, whether in dialogues or lyrics, is often melodramatic and invokes God, family, mother, duty, and self-sacrifice liberally. Song lyrics are often about love. Bollywood song lyrics, especially in the old movies, frequently use the poetic vocabulary of court Urdu, with many Persian loanwords.

Another source for love lyrics is the long Hindu tradition of poetry about the amours of Krishna, Radha, and the gopis, as referenced in films such as Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baje and Lagaan.

Advertising Releasing the film music, or music videos,

before the actual release of the film can also be considered a form of advertising. A popular tune is believed to help pull audiences into the theaters.

Bollywood publicists have begun to use the Internet as a venue for advertising. Most of the better-funded film releases now have their own websites, where browsers can view trailers, stills, and information about the story, cast, and crew.

Bollywood is also used to advertise other products. Product placement, as used in Hollywood, is widely practiced in Bollywood.

Bollywood movie stars appear in print and television advertisements for other products, such as watches or soap. Advertisers say that a star endorsement boosts sales.

Awards

Award Year of Inception Awarded by

National Film Awards 1954 Directorate of Film Festivals, Government of India

Dadasaheb Phalke Award 1969 Directorate of Film Festivals, Government of India

Filmfare AwardsFilmfare Awards South 1954 Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd.

IIFA Awards 2000 Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt Ltd

Tamil Nadu State Film Awards 1967 Government of Tamil Nadu

Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards

1937 Government of West Bengal

Nandi Award 1964 Government of Andhra Pradesh

Maharashtra State Film Awards 1963 Government of Maharashtra

Karnataka State Film Awards Government of Karnataka

Kerala State Film Awards 1969 Government of Kerala

Regional Industries

Break-up of 2009 Indian feature films produced in 24 Languages.[12]

Rank Language No. of films

1 Hindi 235

2 Telugu 218

3 Tamil 190

4 Kannada 177

5 Marathi 99

6 Malayalam 94

7 Bengali 84

8 Bhojpuri 64

9 Gujarati 62

10 Oriya 17

11 Punjabi 15

12 English 9

13 Assamese 5

13 Rajasthani 5

15 Konkani 4

16 Santali 2

17 Haryanvi 1

17 Kodava 1

17 Maithili 1

17 Nagpuri 1

17 Nepali 1

17 Rajbanshi 1

17 Sambalpuri 1

17 Mishing 1

Total 1288

Film MusicMusic in Indian cinema is a substantial

revenue generator, with the music rights alone accounting for 4–5% of the net revenues generated by a film in India. The major film music companies of India are Saregama, Sony Music etc. Commercially, film music accounts for 48% India's net music sales. A film in India may have many choreographed songs spread throughout its length.

The demands of a multicultural, increasingly globalized Indian audience often led to a mixing of various local and international musical traditions.  The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 21st saw extensive interaction between artists from India and the western world. Artists from Indian diaspora blended the traditions of their heritage to those of their country to give rise to popular contemporary music.

Indian film dances usually follow  filmi songs

List of Hollywood inspired nicknames

In South AsiaBollywood is the informal name given to

the Mumbai-based film industry in India.Dhaliwood or Dhallywood refers to

the Bangladeshi film industry, based in the city of Dhaka.

Lollywood refers to the Pakistani film industry, based in the city of Lahore.

Mollywood may refer to the Malayalam film industry in India.

Ollywood is the colloquial name given to the Oriya language movie industry in Orissa, India.

Gollywood is the nickname for the film industry in the state of Gujarat.

Kollywood is the name of the Tamil language  film industry, based in the Kodambakkam district of Chennai, India.Kollywood West can refer to Tamil films produced

in western countries, such as Canada, Germany, France and the United Kingdom.

Kollywood South can refer to the filmmaking hubs of Singaporean Tamil films or Sri Lankan Tamil films.

Tollywood may refer to the Bengali film industry in Tollygunge, West Bengal, India. It was the first Hollywood-inspired nickname, dating back to 1932.

Tollywood may also refer to the Telugu film industry in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

All Over The WorldDollywood is an amusement park owned

by Dolly Parton.FC Hollywood is a nickname for FC Bayern

Munich.Bulawood is the name given to the Fiji film

industry, Bula being a greeting in the Fijian language.

Chinawood is a nickname for the Hengdian World Studio, the largest filmstudio in China.

Hollywood North refers to film and television production in Canada, especially the cities of Vancouver and Toronto.

Mollywood may refer to the Mormon film industry in the United States.

Nollywood is the Nigerian film industry.Pinewood, name given because of the pine trees

surrounding it. Is located in Buckinghamshire, England.Pallywood is a term used by conservative

commentators to describe alleged anti-Israeli media manipulation through video footage.

Tamalewood is the nickname for the film industry in the state of New Mexico.

Valleywood is the informal name for the Dragon International film studio complex in Wales.

Wellywood refers to Wellington, New Zealand - home of Weta Workshop, Weta Digital and Peter Jackson's film studio.

List Of Highest Grossing Bollywood

Films

Highest-grossing Bollywood films (extract)

Rank Movie Year Studio(s) Nett Gross

(according to BOI)[1][2]

Nett Gross(according to IBOS)[3]

1 3 Idiots 2009Vinod Chopra Productions

202,57,00,000 189,38,74,729

3 Ghajini 2008 Geetha Arts 114,67,00,000 117,48,22,756

6 Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi 2008 Yash Raj Films 86,78,00,000 73,52,37,848

10 My Name Is Khan 2010Dharma Productions/Red Chillies Entertainment

72,74,00,000 62,08,89,048

15 Krrish 2006Filmkraft Productions Pvt. Ltd.

69,25,00,000 81,46,05,346

Opening Weekend Nett Gross

Biggest opening weekend gross (extract)

Rank Movie Year Studio(s) Opening Weekend

Nett Gross

1 Dabangg 2010Arbaaz Khan Productions

48,82,00,000

3 Tees Maar Khan 2010 UTV Motion Pictures 37,11,00,000

6 Housefull 2010Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment

30,97,00,000

10 Kites 2010Filmkraft Productions Pvt. Ltd.

27,62,00,000

Opening Weekend Nett Gross

Biggest opening week gross

Rank Movie Year Studio(s) Opening Week

Nett Gross(according to BOI)

Opening Week Nett Gross

(according to IBOS)

1 Dabangg 2010Arbaaz Khan Productions

80,87,00,000 83,20,45,400

3 Golmaal 3 2010Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd

62,29,00,000 59,23,32,410

6 Tees Maar Khan 2010UTV Motion Pictures

49,04,00,000 42,34,14,300

10 Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi

2008 Yash Raj Films 42,19,00,000 39,30,21,855

Highest Grossing Bollywood Films

Throughtout History

Year Movie Record Held Studio(s) Nett Gross

1943 Kismet 6 years Bombay Talkies 1,00,00,000

1949 Barsaat 2 years R.K. Films 1,10,00,000

1951 Awaara 1 year R.K. Films 1,25,00,000

1952 Aan 3 years Mehboob Productions 1,50,00,000

1955 Shree 420 2 years R.K. Films 2,00,00,000

1957 Mother India 3 years Mehboob Productions 4,00,00,000

1960 Mughal-e-Azam 15 years Sterling Investment 5,50,00,000

1975 Sholay 19 years G.P. Sippy Productions 15,00,00,000

1994 Hum Aapke Hain Kaun...! 7 years Rajshri Productions 69,75,00,000

2001 Gadar: Ek Prem Katha 5 years Zee Telefilms 73,75,00,000

2006 Dhoom 2 2 years Yash Raj Films 80,25,00,000

2008 Ghajini 1 year Geetha Arts 114,67,00,000

2009 3 Idiots Current holder Vinod Chopra Productions 202,57,00,000