Artificial Materials or Particles of

AcceleratorSubmitted By-

Mydul Islam

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What is artificial materials ?

Artificial materials are the structure that created and amplified electromagnetic waves by converting the kinetic energy of a charged particle beam into electromagnetic energy, and accelerate charged particle beams.

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What is Particle Accelerator?

A Particle accelerator is a device used for increasing the kinetic energy of electrically charged particles.

The accelerators are the important instruments in conducting research concerning particles such as mesons, anti-proton, and anti-neutron.

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Types of Charged Particle Accelerator

Cyclotron Synchrocyclotron Betatron Electron-Synchrotron Alternating Synchrotron Van de Graff generator Linear Accelerator

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Basic Principle

In Electric Field a charged particle is accelerated.

In Magnetic field a charged particle can be turned around.

In magnetic field the magnetic force acts as a centripetal force.

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Description & Design

The accelerator consists of two flat semicircular metallic boxes named D1 and D2.

The two Dees are separated by a narrow gap.

The Dees are connected to the terminals of a high frequency oscillator.

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Working Principle

Its follows Fleming’s left hand rule.

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Working Principle

The positive ions emitted from the source will be accelerated in the gap towards the Dee which is negative at that time.

If the ions emerge from D2 , the polarity of the applied potential is reversed, the positive ions will again face the negative Dee and thus will be again accelerated by the Electric in the gap. 9

Calculation

RadiusThe magnetic force acting on the charge particle is given by

As this force acts as centripetal force, so we have

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Angular velocity

Above equation represents the angular velocity

Frequency

Above equation represents the frequency of circulating charge

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Time Period

This is the required time period of circulating charge.

Kinetic Energy

This is the required kinetic energy of the circulating ion.

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Application or Uses

• Accelerator is used to bombard nuclei with energetic particles and observe the nuclear reactions.

• Artificial Material is used for different radioactive tests in hospitals for diagnosis. Like in the treatment of Cancer.

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Limitations

• It cannot accelerate neutron, because neutron do not have any charge.

• It cannot accelerate electron because of its small mass.

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Thank You

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Quires

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