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Biology 12 - Energy transformation and Metabolism - Section 5-1
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UNIT A: Cell Biology
Chapter 2: The Molecules of Cells
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 4: DNA Structure and Gene Expression
Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes: Section 5.1
Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration
Chapter 7: Photosynthesis
In this chapter you will learn about the numerous chemical reactions in our bodies involved in breaking down food to produce essential biological molecules and energy.
UNIT A Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
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Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
What is the role of an enzyme?
What factors influence the rate of enzyme activity?
5.1 Energy Transformations and Metabolism
Cellular metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions of the cell.•Catabolism refers to reactions that break down large molecules (products) into smaller molecules (reactants)•Anabolism refers to reactions that make large molecules (products) from smaller molecules (reactants)
UNIT A Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Section 5.1
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reactants products
Energy and Reactions
UNIT A Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Section 5.1
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Free energy is the amount of energy available after a chemical reaction has occurred.
The change in free energy of a reaction (ΔG) =
free energy of products free energy of reactants−− ΔG: products have less energy than reactants, and the reaction will occur in the direction indicated.
exergonic reactions: spontaneous and release energy
endergonic reactions: require energy input
Many cell reactions use energy from exergonic reactions.
ATP: Energy for Cells
ATP is the energy currency of cells.•ATP is made from ADP and inorganic phosphate•Energy is released when the bond on the terminal phosphate of ATP is broken. This energy is used for endergonic reactions in the cell.
Figure 5.1 The ATP cycle.
UNIT A Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Section 5.1
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UNIT A Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Section 5.1
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Check Your Progress
1. Explain whether an anabolic reaction is more likely to be exergonic or endergonic.
2. Explain how the ATP pathway is similar to a rechargeable battery.
UNIT A Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Section 5.1
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UNIT A Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Section 5.1
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UNIT A Chapter 5: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Section 5.1
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