ESS 421 – Introduction to Geological Remote Sensing Prof: Alan Gillespie (JHN 343) arg3@uw.edu

Office hours: Wed - Fri 1 - 3 or by arrangement

TA: Iryna Danilina (JHN 330) danilina@uw.eduOffice hours: Wed/Fri 12:30 - 2 or by arrangement

Lectures: Wednesday/Friday 9:30-10:20 JHN-021Labs: Wednesday/Friday 10:30-12:20 JHN-366

NO LAB TODAY – LAB 1 on FRIDAY

Midterm: Wednesday, 9 February 9:30-10:20 JHN-021Final: Wednesday, 16 March 10:30-12:20 JHN-021

Class website: http://gis.ess.washington.edu/keck/ess421_documents.html

Wednesday, 5 January 2011

What topics are covered in ESS 421?

- physical basis of remote sensing- spectra- radiative transfer- image processing- radar/lidar- thermal infrared- applications

Schedule• LECTURES LABS• Jan 05 1. Intro• Jan 07 2. Images 1• Jan 12 3. Photointerpretation 2• Jan 14 4. Color theory• Jan 19 5. Radiative transfer 3• Jan 21 6. Atmospheric scattering• Jan 26 7. Lambert’s Law 4• Jan 28 8. Volume interactions• Feb 02 9. Spectroscopy 5• Feb 04 10. Satellites & Review• Feb 09 11. Midterm 6• Feb 11 12. Image processing• Feb 16 13. Spectral mixture analysis 7• Feb 18 14. Classification• Feb 23 15. Radar & Lidar 8• Feb 25 16. Thermal infrared• Mar 02 17. Mars spectroscopy (Matt Smith) 9• Mar 04 18. Forest remote sensing (Van Kane)• Mar 09 19. Thermal modeling (Iryna Danilina)• Mar 11 20. Review• Mar 16 Final Exam

Lectures

Reading Labs

Class structure

Ethics policy statementUW now requires an ethics policy statement. In ESS 421, we expect you to adhere to the following:•Labs: collaborative work in lab exercises is encouraged, but please write up the results yourself•Homework: Any homework assigned should be your own•Quizzes, Midterm, Final: All work should be your own•All assignments must be turned in. If some problem arises, please discuss with the TA or instructor•Grades: grading is on a curve.

Lab Exercises° 9 lab exercises

° one lab per week, handed out Wednesdays (except today)° due the following Wednesday, beginning of Lab period° lab files (e.g., “Lab_1.doc”) are available from the website° print only the “Answers” file of the lab (e.g., “Lab_1-answers.doc”) & turn in only this sheet to TA with your answers

Unexcused late work will be docked 10% per day

° at the beginning of the lab on Wednesdays there will be a short one-page graded quiz on the lab just turned in, plus reading for the past week. Bring a sheet of paper for the answers and turn in to the TA.

° the labs just handed in will be reviewed after the quiz

Reading Assignments

°Text is Lillesand, Kiefer, and Chipman “Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation” 6th ed. 2007, John Wiley

° Reading assignments in the text may be augmented with other material available on class website

Examinations & Grading

°Midterm and Final will both contain questions from the lectures, reading, and labs

° Midterm covers 1st half of class

°Final covers whole class with emphasis on 2nd half

Labs - 30%Lab quizzes - 20%

Midterm - 20%Final - 30%

Failure to turn in all work in each of the 4 categories above will result in an

incomplete

Lecture 1: Introduction

Reading assignment: Lillesand, Kiefer & Chipman: Ch 1.1, 1.2 radiationCh 1.6 reference dataCh 1.7 GPSCh 1.10 GISCh 2.9 Multiband imaging

For your referenceApp. A Concepts & terminology App. B Data and resources

1

What is remote sensing?

2

“Denied terrain”

Measurement from a distance -

Hazardous locales -

Nodong, N. Korea

What is an image?

3

Y (

lati

tude

)X (longitude)

4

Images in combination with mapsadd to interpretive power

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Images can be made at different wavelengths of light

5

NASA MASTER airborne 50-band multispectral image

X

Y

λ

λ=8.735 µmλ=9.205 µm

λ=10.275 µmλ=10.755 µm

λ=11.405 µm

λ=0.462 µmλ=0.542 µm

λ=0.658 µmλ=0.804 µm

λ=0.870 µm

Image visualizations display only a subset of the data

6

NASA MASTER airborne 50-band multispectral image

R=0.658µmG=0.542µmB=0.462µm

and displayed as color pictures

NASA MASTER airborne 50-band multispectral image

X

Y

λ

λ=8.735 µmλ=9.205 µm

λ=10.275 µmλ=10.755 µm

λ=11.405 µm

λ=0.462 µmλ=0.542 µm

λ=0.658 µmλ=0.804 µm

λ=0.870 µm

7

X

Y

λ

λ=8.735 µm

λ=9.205 µmλ=10.275 µm

λ=10.755 µmλ=11.405 µm

λ=0.462 µmλ=0.542 µm

λ=0.658 µmλ=0.804 µm

λ=0.870 µm

R=0.658µmG=0.542µmB=0.462µm

Only 3 bands at a time can be visualized this way…

but there is more information,

and can be shown in a spectrum

Spectrum

8

R=0.658µmG=0.542µmB=0.462µm

Spectra are different and convey

information about composition

Note the scale change!

9

Images can be made at different wavelengths of light

X

Y

λ

λ=8.735 µm

λ=9.205 µmλ=10.275 µm

λ=10.755 µmλ=11.405 µm

λ=0.462 µmλ=0.542 µm

λ=0.658 µmλ=0.804 µm

λ=0.870 µm

10

They reveal different information about scene composition

VISIBLE

THERMAL INFRARED

Images are not limited to light reflected or emitted from a surface. They can be made over time, or of derived or calculated parameters.

12

Carbon monoxide at 500 mB pressure (elevation), from NASA’s Terra/Moppitt

Increasing concentration of CO

http://gis.ess.washington.edu/keck/lectures_ESS_421/mopit.MPE

How do remote sensing and GIS fit together in geospatial analysis?

13

Remote sensing GIS

EngineeringAnalysis &

InterpretationOperations

& acquisition

Image processing

Calibration Validation

sceneproject goalsphysics of

remote sensing

Knowledge

Scanners & data

LKC App A: radiometric terminology (p. 742)

Radiant energy (J) [Q]

Radiant flux (J s-1 = W) [Ф]

Radiant intensity (W sr-1) [I]

Irradiance (W m-2) [E] Radiance (W m-2 sr-1) [L]

Spectral irradiance (W m-2 µm-1) [Eλ] Spectral radiance (W m-2 sr-1 µm-1) [Lλ]

In the spectrum, energy is dispersed by a grating or prism according to frequency or wavelength

Gamma rays <10-4 µmX rays 10-4 - 10-2 µm

Ultraviolet 0.01-0.45 µm

Visible blue B 0.47-0.48 µmVisible green G 0.51-0.56 µmVisible red R 0.63-0.68 µm

Near infrared NIR 0.67-1.4 µmShortwave infrared SWIR 1.4-2.5 µm

Mid-wave infrared MIR 3.5-5.5 µmLongwave thermal infrared LWIR 8-14 µm

Microwave (Radar) 0.1mm-1 mRadio 1 m - 10 km

Ref

lect

ed s

unlig

ht

The

rmal

radi

atio

n

The electromagnetic spectrum

Short λHigh energyHigh frequency

Long λLow energyLow frequency

What was covered in today’s lecture?

•Remote sensing•Images, maps, & pictures•Images and spectra•Time series images•Geospatial analysis framework•Useful parameters and units•The spectrum

14

What will be covered in Friday’s lecture

14

imaging systems and some of their characteristics